Additive effects of earthworm extract with HpD-laser on the enhancement of reactive oxygen production and the inhibition of[~3H]—thymidine.uptake in mouse ascitic tumor cells

The effects of combined use of earthworm extract(912)and HpD-laser on the produc-tion of reactive oxygen and the biosynthesis of DNA in S_(180) tumor cells were studied throughchemiluminescence measurement and[~3H]-TdR incorporation assay.The results showed that as com-pared with the control,the intensity of chemiluminescence emitted by tumor cells treatedsimultaneously with 912 and HpD-laser was enhanced more than ten-folds,while that treated with912 or HpD-laser alone was increased only 2～4 folds.The[~3H]-TdR incorporation into tumorcells of the former group was inhibited upto 74.1%,and that of the latter groups decreased onlyby 42.2% and 40.0%,respectively.In accordance with these biochemical changes,the ultrastructuraldamage of tumor cells of the former,combinedly treated group appeared to be the most serious.This suggests an additive effect of 912 with HpD-laser on tumor cells.In addition,if free radicalscavengers,such as catalase and superoxide dismutase,were added to the reaction systembefore chemiluminescence assay,the luminescent enhancement effect mentioned above was dramaticallyalleviated,implying the presence of O_2~ and H_2O_2 in the system.Therefore,as to the toxic effecton tumor cells,912 and HpD-laser are not only additive in efficiency,but also similar in theunderlying mechanism of action.     

Viral infections in the mouth

Oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL) and Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) are commonly encountered in the HIV-infected patient. A unique feature of OHL is non-cytolytic high level of replication of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) in the glossal epithelium. The expression of viral-encoded anti-apoptotic proteins concomitant to replicative proteins probably underlies this phenomenon. The question of whether OHL arises from activation of EBV latent in the tongue, or from superinfection by endogenous EBV shed via non-glossal sites or by exogenous EBV remains unresolved. Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8) is now seen as necessary but not sufficient cause of KS. Expression of HHV8-encoded oncogenic proteins in endothelial cells probably explains the aberrant proliferation of these cells in KS lesions. Studies into why KS is so commonly observed at the palate in HIV-infected patients may provide important clues to its pathogenesis.     

Leiomyosarcoma of the vagina: case report and literature review

Leiomyosarcoma of the vagina is quite rare. Extensive search of the literature discloses 137 case reports published over the past 40 years. Collectively, these reports give only cursory guidelines for diagnosis, management, and prognosis. We add another case to the sparse literature on leiomyosarcoma of the vagina. Treatment consisted of surgical excision. Tumor was found to extend to the margin of the excised specimen. The malignancy quickly recurred with lung metastases and the patient died. The very poor prognosis associated with this lesion emphasizes the critical need for early diagnosis and expeditious therapy. In the interest of improving salvage by prompt recognition and intervention, it is important for health-care professionals to be knowledgeable about and alert to this condition.     

钩吻对环磷酰胺化疗小鼠的造血保护作用

用钩吻乙醇粗提物对小鼠肉瘤１８０（Ｓ１８０）生长抑制实验结果表明，其对Ｓ１８０无明显抑制作用，也未显示出能增强环磷酰胺（Ｃｙ）的抗瘤效应，但能明显减慢Ｃｙ化疗所致白细胞下降的速度和减轻白细胞降低的程度。提示钩吻对Ｃｙ化疗小鼠的造血功能具有保护作用。     

腺泡状软组织肉瘤13例临床病理和免疫组织化学研究

作者对13例腺泡状软组织肉瘤进行临床病理观察,并对其中组织形态较典型的7例作抗结蛋白、抗肌红蛋白、抗S-100蛋白抗体及神经细胞特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)等免疫组化研究.结果免疫组化7例中阳性者抗结蛋白5例,抗肌红蛋白8例,NSE4例,S-100蛋白均为阴性。作者结合文献复习提出了该瘤的诊断要点及其鉴别诊断,并对其组织发生学进行了讨论。     

Cerebrospinal fluid cytology in granulocytic sarcoma with meningeal extension but without bone marrow involvement

Granulocytic sarcoma (GS) is a localized tumour of immature granulocytes that is usually associated with myelogenous leukaemia. We report an unusual case of mastoid GS with meningeal extension but no bone marrow involvement on presentation. Histological examination of the surgical specimen and the characteristic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology showing cytoplasmic granulations and Auer bodies led to the diagnosis of GS. Positive cytochemical staining of the immature CSF cells for naphtol-ASD chloroacetate esterase and myeloperoxidase confirmed their myeloid origin. Immunophenotyping did not reveal common acute lymphoblastic leukaemia antigen, cytokeratin, T or B-cell antigens. The patient underwent surgical resection of the localized tumour, followed by radiation therapy, intrathecal and systemic chemotherapy, as if he had acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML). He did not develop AML in the 21 months after the tumour resection. This case emphasizes the value of CSF cytological examination of tumour cells and the use of an immumocytochemical marker for differentiating GS from malignant lymphoma.     

Lack of Allelic Preference in Amplification and Loss of the c-myc Oncogene in Methylcholanthrene-induced Mouse Sarcomas

Sarcomas were induced in Fl mice between C57BL/6N and C3H/He strains by subcutaneous injection of methylcholanthrene. The c-myc oncogene was found to be amplified in 16 cases among 43 sarcomas of C57BL/6N × C3H/He mice and 1 case among 5 sarcomas of the reciprocal cross. The origin of the amplified allele was determined by the polymerase chain reaction single strand conformation polymorphism analysis. Among the 17 sarcomas, only one had both of the alleles amplified. The rest of the tumors carried the amplified c-myc allele coming either from C57BL/6N (9 cases) or from C3H/He (8 cases). These results indicate that the c-myc allele is amplified randomly in methylcholanthrene-induced mouse sarcomas irrespective of its origin, such as paternal or maternal allele and C57BL/6N or C3H/He allele. In addition to these changes, the unamplified c-myc oncogene was found to be lost in 12 cases out of the 17 sarcomas with the amplification.     

Classification and diagnostic criteria for oral lesions in HIV infection

A consensus has been reached on the classification of the oral manifestations of HIV infection and their diagnostic criteria, based on presumptive and definitive criteria. The former relate to the initial clinical appearance of the lesion and the latter are often the result of special investigations. Candidiasis, hairy leukoplakia, specific forms of periodontal disease [linear gingival erythema, necrotising-(ulcerative) gingivitis and necrotising(ulcerative) periodontitis], Kaposi's sarcoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma are strongly associated with HIV infection. Lesions less commonly associated with HIV infection and lesions seen in HIV infection, but not indicative of the disease, are also listed.     

Anaplastic ganglioglioma with sarcomatous component: An immunohistochemical study and molecular analysis of p53 tumor suppressor gene

The present case report describes a case of ganglioglioma with a distinct sarcomatous component in the left temporal lobe of a 59‐year‐old Japanese man. Neoplastic neuroglial tissue contained both benign and anaplastic glial components with a MIB‐1 labeling index of 0.1% and 12.0%, respectively. Sarcomatous tissue adjacent to the anaplastic glial tissue was dominated by pleomorphic fibroblastic cells with a MIB‐1 labeling index of 10.8%. They were immunoreactive for smooth muscle actin, type IV collagen, and alpha 1 antitrypsin, but not for desmin and CD34. Interestingly, some of the sarcomatous cells were double‐positive for smooth muscle actin and GFAP. The p53 protein had accumulated in the anaplastic astrocytes and sarcomatous cells, but direct DNA sequencing of PCR products failed to detect any mutation in the p53 gene (from exon 4 to exon 10).     

Die Insuffizienz der intraabdominellen Infektabwehr bei der eitrigen Peritonitis — Folge einer gestörten Fremdkörperopsonierung

Summary Despite a high concentration of serum proteins and intact phagocytes peritonitis exudates contain a large number of viable, pathogenic bacteria. The reason for this biological paradox is unknown. Our investigations reveal a pronounced defect in humoral opsonization of foreign particles in peritonitis exudate. We evaluated a modified chemiluminescence system allowing the determination of opsonic activity in serum and exudate. In serum we found a close correlation between opsonic activity and immunologically measurable levels of C₃-complement and IgG. In purulent peritonitis exudates, however, the actual opsonizing activity was much less than expected according to the opsonin concentrations. We found a pronounced difference between immunologically determined opsonin levels and impaired opsonic function. Employing crossed immunoelectrophoresis massive C₃-splitting into smaller fragments could be demonstrated in peritonitis exudates. In these exudates we found very high concentrations of granulocyte proteolytic (elastase) and oxidative (myeloperoxidase) enzymes which may lead to a functional destruction of opsonins followed by impaired opsonization in peritonitis exudate. The great number of bacteria and foreign particles in addition can cause a pronounced physiological consumption of complement components. The almost complete breakdown of intact C₃-complement in intraabdominal exudate explains the deficient host defence in patients with severe peritonitis.

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Abkürzungsverzeichnis CL Chemilumineszenz - IgG Immunglobulin G - OK Opsonierungskapazität