鼻内镜下治疗真菌性鼻窦炎93例

目的探讨真菌性鼻窦炎经鼻内镜手术治疗的方法及疗效.方法回顾性分析93例真菌性鼻窦炎病例,经鼻内镜下手术治疗的疗效及有关问题.结果93例患者术后经随访3月～2年,窦口引流通畅,无1例复发.结论非侵袭型鼻窦真菌病宜行鼻内镜手术,以彻底清除窦腔病变,术后应继续反复冲洗窦腔,术后不必全身应用抗真菌药物.     

慢性鼻-鼻窦炎内镜手术前后OMC区分泌腺的观察研究

目的:观察慢性鼻窦炎(CS)鼻内镜鼻窦手术前后鼻黏膜黏液纤毛清除系统的分泌腺结构和功能变化。方法:对20例慢性鼻窦炎术前及术后4个月窦口鼻道复合体(OMC)区鼻黏膜进行AB-PAS染色,光镜下观察,并与健康组(对照组10例)进行对照。结果:鼻窦炎术前组黏膜怀状细胞及黏膜下腺体有显著性增加(P<0.01),型鼻窦炎患者病理性腺体的增生尤为明显。内镜术后4个月鼻黏膜杯状细胞可恢复至正常水平,与对照组比较差异无显著性(P>0.05),而黏膜下腺体未能恢复正常。结论:鼻黏膜杯状细胞及黏膜下腺体的增生是黏液纤毛清除功能障碍的原因之一,尤其是病理性腺体的增生。内镜术后4个月鼻黏膜上皮化,但黏液纤毛清除系统的恢复需要更长时间。术后随访时间应超过4个月,以防复发。     

鼻窦炎口服液治疗家兔实验性上颌窦炎

目的探讨鼻窦炎口服液对家兔实验性急性化脓性上颌窦炎的疗效.方法采用改良后的Hinni造模法建立家兔急性化脓性上颌窦炎模型.予以鼻窦炎口服液高、低剂量灌胃治疗,并设立空白组、模型组、西药(青霉素Ⅴ钾灌胃)组作为对照.观察模型家兔血白细胞(WBC)计数及中性粒细胞(N)百分比、血清C-反应蛋白(CRP)浓度,光镜观察窦腔黏膜炎症情况及窦腔分泌物细菌培养.结果模型兔白细胞(WBC)计数及中性粒细胞(N)百分比增加,光镜下窦腔黏膜充血、水肿、纤毛脱落等.经鼻窦炎口服液低剂量治疗后,家兔白细胞(WBC)计数及中性粒细胞(N)百分比在正常范围,光镜下窦腔黏膜正常等,与青霉素Ⅴ钾相比,无显著性差异.鼻窦炎口服液高剂量治疗后,上述病理改变有明显改善.结论鼻窦炎口服液的临床治疗量可消除急性化脓性鼻窦炎家兔全身及局部的炎症反应.     

Nasal endoscopic and CT scan alterations of the paranasal sinuses as predictors of severity in patients with cystic fibrosis

Cystic Fibrosis (CF) results from mutation in the transmembrane conductance regulator gene, responsible for controlling secretory processes. The upper airways (UA) are usually involved in the form of chronic pansinusitis.ObjectiveTo evaluate UA changes in patients with CF and to establish the correlations between sinonasal CT and endoscopic endonasal findings and disease severity.MethodCross-sectional and prospective study with 20 patients older than 5 years with CF, assessing the Shwachman-Kulczycki (S-K) score, paranasal sinus tomography (CT) (Lund-Mackay score) and nasal endoscopy (Meltzer score).ResultsCT scan alterations were observed in 94% of cases. Endoscopic alterations findings in the upper airways were found in 10 patients. Nasal polyps were found in 3 patients (15%). There was a correlation between the intensity of changes on the CT and S-K score (p = 0.0097), and between endoscopic findings and S-K score (p = 0.0318). There was a positive correlation between the presence of chronic colonization and endoscopic findings (p = 0.0325), which was not observed on the CT (p = 0.2941).ConclusionThere is an inverse correlation between the S-K clinical score and nasal endoscopy and CT findings. Therefore, patients who are clinically more severe according to the S-K score have greater UA involvement.     

Cemento-ossifying fibroma of the maxilla

Abstract

Despite the fact that cemento-ossifying fibromas of the maxilla may be quite large and locally aggressive, en-bloc excision is achieved by gentle blunt dissection, with the whole tumour mass peeled out from the adjacent structures. Until recently different fibro-osseous tumours that contained cementum were classified together as “cementomas”. In 1992 The World Health Organization adopted a new classification that included these fibromas as benign osseous tumours. While such tumours of the mandible are common, those of the maxilla are rare. They are growth products of periodontal membrane remnant. The triggering mechanism in the formation of cementum outside the periodontal membrane remains unclear. We present a 35-year-old woman who had a giant expanding lobular mass in the right maxilla of 5 years duration. She had visual disturbances and nasal obstruction, and was treated successfully by surgical en-bloc resection of the tumour through an infraorbital transverse incision. The differential diagnosis included fibrous dysplasia, osteoid osteoma, osteoblastoma, chronic sclerosing osteomyelitis, ameloblastoma, squamous cell carcinoma of the maxillary sinus, calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumour (Pindborg tumour) and calcifying odontogenic cyst (Gorlin cyst). Histopathological examination confirmed a cemento-ossifying fibroma.     

Previously undescribed palpebral branch from the infraorbital canal: Application to surgery of the eyelid and treatment of orbital floor fractures

The sensory innervation of the inferior eyelid is mainly derived from the inferior palpebral branch (IPb) of the infraorbital nerve (ION). This study aimed to investigate another, to our knowledge, previously unknown branch, and elucidate its location and distribution. Twelve sides from seven fresh frozen cadaveric Caucasian heads were used in this study. The specimens were derived from two male and four female adult cadavers age. The diameter of the IPb of the ION (D1) and branch arising from the upper wall of the infraorbital canal (D2), and distance between the branching points of this branch and the anterior border of the orbit floor (L1) was measured. A branch to the lower eyelid was found arising from the infraorbital canal on the majority of sides. D1 ranged from 0.4 to 1.1 mm. The branch arising from the upper wall of the infraorbital canal was found 10 sides (83%). D2 ranged 0.6 to 1.0 mm. L1 ranged from 10.2 to 19.8 mm. All of the branches arising from the upper wall of the infraorbital canal (10 sides) primarily innervated to the inferior eyelid. We suggest this branch should be named the “posterior IPb” of the ION. Knowledge of this branch might decrease sensory loss following invasive procedures of the lower orbit. Clin. Anat. 30:835–838, 2017. © 2017Wiley Periodicals, Inc.