D-J管长期植入联合输尿管软镜钬激光治疗妊娠合并输尿管结石的有效性及安全性研究

目的 探讨妊娠期合并输尿管结石患者急诊泌尿外科腔内技术处理的安全性和有效性。方法 选取河西学院附属张掖人民医院泌尿外科2016年3月～2017年3月收治的26例妊娠期合并输尿管结石患者,止痛药物无效后行D-J管长期植入术,观察等待至妊娠期或哺乳期结束,对仍有结石患者采用输尿管软镜联合钬激光碎石。观察比较治疗前后临床症状、尿常规和影像学检查改变,及患者结石和妊娠结局。结果 26例患者经治疗后,肾绞痛、发热等症状完全消失。留置双J管至分娩后,20例未见结石残留。所有患者未发生先兆流产或早产等,无输尿管穿孔及其他并发症。1例在留置双J管后出现排尿后腰部不适,3 d后自行缓解。术后肉眼血尿1例,6 d后血尿症状改善。26例均顺利生产,婴儿健康。结论 D-J管长期植入联合后期钬激光碎石治疗妊娠合并尿路结石安全、有效。     

Sensitivity to Brain Dysfunction of the Halstead-Reitan vs an Ability-Focused Neuropsychological Battery

We compared the sensitivity to brain dysfunction of an ability focused neuropsychological battery (AFB), as a proxy for the core of a flexible battery, to the Halstead-Reitan Battery (HRB). The AFB was designed to represent constructs of language function, fine motor skill, working memory, processing speed, verbal and visual memory, and verbal and visual abstraction and problem solving. Receiver operating characteristic analysis (ROC) yielded an area under curve (AUC) of. 86 for the AFB, versus. 83 for the HRB ( p =. 50), for discriminating 54 patients with brain dysfunction due to various etiologies, from 69 non-neurologic medical controls. Additionally, Bayesian Model Averaging selected four tests from the combined set of AFB and HRB subtests, plus Trail Making B, which optimally discriminated the brain dysfunction from medical control patients: H-Words, Grooved Pegboard, Finger Tapping, and Trail Making B. These data support the current mainstream practice in neuropsychology of using an AFB (flexible battery) to assess brain dysfunction. In particular, tests involving processing speed appear to be among the most sensitive measures of brain dysfunction. The data do not support the superiority of the HRB to AFB approaches.     

SYFSA: A framework for Systematic Yet Flexible Systems Analysis

Although technological or organizational systems that enforce systematic procedures and best practices can lead to improvements in quality, these systems must also be designed to allow users to adapt to the inherent uncertainty, complexity, and variations in healthcare. We present a framework, called Systematic Yet Flexible Systems Analysis (SYFSA) that supports the design and analysis of Systematic Yet Flexible (SYF) systems (whether organizational or technical) by formally considering the tradeoffs between systematicity and flexibility. SYFSA is based on analyzing a task using three related problem spaces: the idealized space, the natural space, and the system space. The idealized space represents the best practice—how the task is to be accomplished under ideal conditions. The natural space captures the task actions and constraints on how the task is currently done. The system space specifies how the task is done in a redesigned system, including how it may deviate from the idealized space, and how the system supports or enforces task constraints. The goal of the framework is to support the design of systems that allow graceful degradation from the idealized space to the natural space. We demonstrate the application of SYFSA for the analysis of a simplified central line insertion task. We also describe several information-theoretic measures of flexibility that can be used to compare alternative designs, and to measure how efficiently a system supports a given task, the relative cognitive workload, and learnability.     

咪唑安定复合靶控瑞芬太尼用于老年人纤维支气管镜检查的临床观察

目的观察靶控瑞芬太尼联合咪唑安定用于无痛纤维支气管镜检查的安全性与有效性。方法选择ASAⅠ-Ⅲ级拟在静脉深度镇静下行无痛纤维支气管镜检查的老年患者95例,随机分为4组：F0：咪唑安定组;F1组：咪唑安定复合芬太尼组;F3组：咪唑安定复合低浓度靶控瑞芬太尼组;F4组：咪唑安定复合高浓度靶控瑞芬太尼组。记录注药前（T1）、瑞芬太尼靶器官药物浓度达峰时（T2）、检查开始时（T3）、纤维支气管镜过声门时（T4）、操作结束（T5）以及术后10ram（T6）的MAP、HR、SpO2。同时记录患者呛咳程度、术后满意度和不良反应发生率。结果F3组的血流动力学指标较对照组和其他实验组在各个时间点总体更趋于稳定。通过对呛咳程度的评价显示F3和F1组患者所受的气道刺激是最小的。而F3组呼吸抑制的发生率更小。结论给予老年患者1．0μg／mL血浆浓度的瑞芬太尼靶控输注以进行保留自主呼吸的无痛纤维支气管镜检查是安全有效的。     

腔内钬激光联合等离子治疗尿道狭窄的临床分析（附128例分析）

目的：探讨联合使用输尿管镜腔内钬激光及等离子双极电切治疗尿道狭窄的临床疗效及安全性。方法：对128例尿道狭窄患者（其中合并膀胱结石88例）采用输尿管镜行钬激光尿道狭窄内切开联合等离子双极电切,并在等离子电切镜鞘下使用钬激光碎石治疗,术后查B超、X线片及最大尿流率（Qmax）观察疗效。结果：128例患者均一次手术成功,无结石残留,手术时间15～92min,平均42min,留置尿管4～6周,拔除尿管后排尿通畅并定期尿道扩张。术后3个月Qmax较术前明显改善。结论：采用腔内钬激光联合等离子双极电切治疗尿道狭窄具有创伤小、并发症少优点,并能同时治疗膀胱结石,是安全有效的治疗方法。     

输尿管软镜联合硬镜治疗女性肾盂结石30例报告

目的：评价输尿管软镜联合硬镜治疗女性肾盂结石患者的安全性、有效性及优越性。方法：2012年6月～2013年4月采用输球管软镜联合硬镜治疗女性肾高结行（结石直径〉2cm而≤3cm）患者30例。结果：27例一期碎石成功．一次性碎石率为90％;3例二期碎石成功。无输尿管穿孔、脓肾等严重并发症发生。手术时间54～76min．平均58min。术后住院时间2～5d,平均3．8d。留营双J管2～3脚后拔除。结论：输尿管软镜联合硬镜治疗女性肾孟结石（结石直径≥2cm而≤3cm）是安全、高效的,同时具有创伤小、并发症少的优点,值得在临床上进一步推广使用。     

Narcotrend在老年人喉罩全麻纤支镜检查中的应用

目的 观察Narcotrend在老年人喉罩全麻纤支镜检查中应用的可行性,寻求检查中最适宜的Narcotrend指数(narcotrend index,NTI). 方法 60例择期行喉罩全麻纤支镜检查的老年患者,采用随机数字表法分为3组(每组20例),其中Ⅰ组:NTI(79～65)组、Ⅱ组:NTI(64～37)组、Ⅲ组:NTI(＜37)组,监测各时间点的NTI、无创收缩压(systolic blood pressure,SBP)、舒张压(diastolic blood pressure,DBP)、平均动脉压(mean arterial pressure,MAP)、血氧饱和度(blood oxygen saturation,SpO2)、心率(heart rate,HR)和呼气末二氧化碳分压(end-tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure,PETCO2);记录置喉罩后达到靶NTI的时间及丙泊酚用量、苏醒时间、定向力恢复时间、副作用等. 结果 置喉罩后丙泊酚用量Ⅰ组(2.16±0.31) mg/kg、Ⅱ组(2.78-0.37) mg/kg、Ⅲ组(3.15±0.29)mg/kg,组间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).Ⅰ组进镜顺利率为85％,其余两组为100％.各组间SBP、DBP、MAP和HR差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),且Ⅲ组有2例患者出现低血压及心动过缓.Ⅲ组苏醒时间及定向力恢复时间较Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组延长(P＜0.05). 结论 Narcotrend可监测老年患者麻醉镇静深度,指导调控丙泊酚用量,老年患者喉罩全麻纤支镜检查的适宜NTI为64～37.     

经皮肾镜与输尿管软镜治疗肾下盏小鹿角形结石的比较

目的比较经皮肾镜（PCNL）与输尿管软镜（FURS）治疗肾下盏小鹿角形结石的安全性及有效性。 方法回顾性纳入并分析我院2017年4月至2019年4月43例肾下盏小鹿角形结石,其中PCNL治疗20例（PCNL组）,FURS治疗23例（FURS组）,比较两组手术时间、结石清除率、手术并发症和术后住院天数等。 结果43例均顺利完成手术,PCNL组的手术时间、术后住院天数均显著长于FURS组（P<0.05）;术后1~4 d PCNL组结石清除率85.0%,显著高于FURS组52.2%,术后4周及术后半年两组结石清除率差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,但FURS组的二次干预率更高（P<0.05）;两组在术后发热、出血及石街形成等方面差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,但PCNL组的血红蛋白丢失量及术后止痛药使用率更高（P<0.05）。 结论PCNL与FURS在治疗肾下盏小鹿角形结石均安全、有效,两者远期疗效相当,但FURS比PCNL创伤更小,术后恢复更快,值得临床推广。     

术前血糖水平对糖尿病患者行输尿管软镜碎石术后发生感染相关并发症的影响

观察2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者行输尿管软镜碎石术（FURL）后出现感染相关并发症的影响因素,探讨T2DM患者术前血糖水平与发生术后感染相关并发症的关系,为T2DM患者在接受FULR术后发生感染相关并发症的早期预防及治疗提供参考。     

输尿管软镜联合中药排石汤治疗泌尿系结石临床疗效的Meta分析

目的:对国内外已发表的关于输尿管软镜软镜联合中药排石汤治疗泌尿系结石的疗效进行Meta分析。方法:计算机检索维普网(VIP)、万方数据知识服务平台、中国知网(CNKI)、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、PubMed英文数据库,检索时间限定为建库至今发表的关于输尿管软镜联合中药排石汤治疗泌尿系结石的临床随机对照试验(RCT)和病例对照研究。由2名评价员按照纳入与排除标准独立筛选文献、提取资料和评价纳入研究质量,采用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果:最终纳入11篇RCT研究,4篇病例对照研究。共1270例患者。Meta分析结果显示:与对照组相比,输尿管软镜联合中药排石汤能提高总体结石清除率[OR=4.32,95%CI(2.97,6.29),P<0.001],缩短术后结石排出时间[MD=-3.76,95% CI(-4.75,-2.77),P<0.001],减少术后肾绞痛发生[OR=0.28,95% CI(0.13,0.50),P<0.001]及术后4周结石残留[OR=0.18,95%CI(0.09,0.34),P<0.001]。结论:采用输尿管软镜联合中药排石汤治疗泌尿系结石能有效提高术后结石清除率,缩短结石排出体外时间,减少术后肾绞痛发生及结石残留。