主成份分析与因子分析用于多指标综合评价

本文从应用角度阐明了主成份分析与因子分析用于多指标综合评价的异同点，并用实例加以说明。提出了主成份分析和因子分析用于多指标综合评价时，应在能明确主成份或因子的意义和方向情况下加权，否则会得到错误的结果。     

A Brief Mental Health Outcomes Measure: Translation and Validation of the Czech Version of the Schwartz Outcomes Scale-10

The Schwartz Outcomes Scale-10 (SOS-10) is a 10-item scale developed to measure the effectiveness of psychiatric treatments. Using standard methodology, we translated the scale into Czech and examined the psychometric properties of the Czech version. 207 in-patients admitted to Prague Psychiatric Center were included in the study. All patients completed the SOS at admission and discharge. The SOS-10 scale was also administered to 170 persons from the general population. Reliability, validity and sensitivity to treatment change of the Czech SOS-10 were analyzed. The Cronbach’s α coefficient was 0.92. The item-total correlation coefficients varied from 0.56 to 0.82. The SOS-10 correlated well with condition-specific measures including depression (BDI) and anxiety (BAI) and a global self-rated symptom severity scale (CGI). The SOS-10 also had significant correlations with the Health, Basic needs, Relationship, and Leisure time domains of the Czech version of the Subjective Quality of Life Analysis (SQUALA-CZ). The scale discriminated well between patients and controls, with patients scoring significantly lower on all SOS items. The patient sample’s admission and discharge scores were significantly different, indicating that the scale is sensitive to treatment changes. We concluded that the Czech SOS-10 is valid with reliability and factor structure similar to the American language version.     

网络环境下高校图书馆功能的嬗变及其应对策略

随着网络信息技术的发展，数字化、网络化信息资源的开发与利用迅速普及，高校图书馆的功能也发生显著的变化：以印刷文献为中心向以数字信息为中心转变；由单一化服务向多样化服务转变；由人工服务向智能化控制转变；由传统的图书存贮、借阅中心将发展成为现代化信息的交流中转站或导航站。本文分析和阐述了网络环境下高校图书馆功能的嬗变特点和规律，提出了具有实践意义的应对策略。     

The treatment of hypertension

1 A 'retrospective' of the development of the drug treatment of hypertension is presented from the early days of ganglion blockers to the present time together with a review of the evidence of benefit from treatment.
2 Current issues and debates are summarised including shortfalls in the control of hypertension in populations, difficulties surrounding the measurement of blood pressure, disagreement on the levels of blood pressure to treat, the goal blood pressures to aim at, issues surrounding lifestyle measures such as the low salt diet and low intensity exercise, and treatment with diuretics and with calcium antagonists.
3 A 'perspective' is presented on some avenues for progress in the years ahead. These will include the identification of genetic markers to determine the hypertensive individuals with the greatest risk of death and of cardiovascular complications.     

医院综合效益评价中的权数（三）——估计权数

在医院综合效益评价中，估计权数由评价专家根据经验对评价指标的重要程度的一种评估，这类数据通常用的ＡＨＰ法进行处理。本文用ＡＨＰ的递推算法计算估计权数，这种算法不仅计算简单，而且易达到一致性的要求，其估计的剩余误差小于ＡＨＰ法。     

Simultaneous genetic analysis of longitudinal means and covariance structure in the simplex model using twin data

A longitudinal model based on the simplex model is presented to analyze simultaneously means and covariance structure using univariate longitudinal twin data. The objective of the model is to decompose the mean trend into components which can be attributed to those genetic and environmental factors which give rise to phenotypic individual differences and a component of unknown constitution which does not involve individual differences. Illustrations are given using simulated data and repeatedly measured weight obtained in a sample of 82 female twin pairs on six occasions.     

肠道革兰氏阴性杆菌及孤菌快速鉴定的研究

目的：为寻求肠道G杆菌及弧菌快速鉴定的方法。方法：菌种经增菌及分离培养后，取菌落接种于综合生化培养基，并在综合生化培养基管口悬挂硫化氢和靛基质试纸条。同时以克氏双糖铁培养基作对照，置37℃培养18-24h。取综合生化管培养基，外加测试氧化酶，共获取11项生化指标。结果：对689株不同菌种与综合生化管培养基和常规双糖铁培养的测试结果，符合率为99．97％，(7577/7579)和99．79％(7563/7579)。结论：综合生化管是适合医疗卫生单位微生物实验室的一种快速检验方法。     

Quantitative assessment of the microstructure of rat behavior: I.f(d), The extension of the scaling hypothesis

Previous studies demonstrated that drug effects on the movement sequences of rats in unconditioned motor activity paradigms can be quantified by scaling measures that describe the average relationship between a variable of interest and an experimental parameter. However, rats engage in a wide variety of geometrically distinct movements that can be influenced differentially by drugs. In this investigation, the extended scaling approach is presented to capture quantitatively the relative contributions of geometrically distinct movement sequences to the overall path structure. The calculation of the spectrum of local spatial scaling exponents,f(d), is based on ensemble methods used in statistical physics. Results of thef(d) analysis confirm that the amount of motor activity is not correlated with the geometrical structure of movement sequences. Changes in the average spatial scaling exponent,d, correspond to shifting the entiref(d) function, and indicate overall changes in path structure. With the extended scaling approach, straight movement sequences are assessed independently from highly circumscribed movements. Thus, thef(d) function identifies drug effects on particular ranges of movement sequences as defined by the geometrical structure of movements. More generally, thef(d) function quantifies the relationship between microscopically recorded variables, in this paradigm consecutive (x, y) locations, and the macroscopic behavioral patterns that constitute the animal's response topography.Exemplary calculations of path segments with different geometrical characteristics can be obtained from the authors. Questions regarding the computational implementation of this method should be addressed to MPP preferably via email (martin@rat.ucsd.edu) or FAX (619-543-2493)     

重度烧伤患者中心静脉导管感染的原因分析及预防措施

目的探讨烧伤患者中心静脉导管感染的原因并制定有效预防措施。方法对2004年1月～2007年12月烧伤病房158例中心静脉置管患者进行监测，包括导管留置时间、置管部位、穿刺部位皮肤、置管环境及导管的病原学检查结果等。结果引起重度烧伤患者中心静脉导管感染的病原菌中，主要为真菌和表皮葡萄球菌；中心静脉置管感染与导管留置部位、留置时间等原因有关。结论严格遵守无菌操作原则，提高穿刺人员的操作技能，缩短置管时间，并保证置管环境的洁净，是预防中心静脉导管感染的有效措施。     

医学综合评价性问题的定性分析与定量灰关联分析研究

采用定性分析与定量灰关联分析相结合的方法处理医学综合评价性的问题和诊断性的问题。定义了诊断值，诊断灰度和信息覆盖率等医学新概念，实例应用说明，这种分析研究和于临床诊断时，诊断符合率高，误诊率低，而且克服了一般医学诊断模式只能定性分析，不能作定量分析的缺点。