老年骨性关节炎的康复医疗

目的 探计原发性骨关节康复治疗的疗效。方法 回顾性调查460例原发性骨关节炎不同治疗情况的疗效。所获数据采用方差分析和t。结果 系统治疗组疗效优于非系统治疗组，功能锻炼和药物治疗，P＜0．0l，物理疗法，p＜0．05。结论 系统的合理的功能锻炼加综合药物治疗对骨关节炎是最有效的治疗方法。     

Effect of voice rehabilitation on oral communication of Parkinson's disease patients

Voice and speech disorders are common in Parkinson's disease patients and may lead to social isolation. We employed routine clinical voice therapy measures to evaluate the effect of voice rehabilitation. Twenty patients with a stable drug regimen participated in this study. The patients were assessed before and after a program of voice rehabilitation consisting of 13 group therapy sessions during 1 month, with emphasis on the increase in laryngeal sphincteric activity. Voice rehabilitation produced an increase in maximal phonation times, decrease in the values of s/z ratio and air flow, increase in vocal intensity, decrease in the complaints of weak and strained-strangled voice and monotonous and unintelligible speech and elimination of complaints of swallowing alterations. These data indicate a greater glottic efficiency after voice rehabilitation reflecting a more functional oral communication.     

Building a relationship: communications and relationships between staff and stroke patients on a rehabilitation ward

Communications among staff and patients on a stroke rehabilitation ward form the focus of this article, which reports on some aspects of a larger study using a grounded theory approach. Tape-recorded interviews were transcribed and analysed concurrently according to recommendations for the approach. A main theme entitled building a relationship was identified, and this process was found to occur in a context varying from participative at one end of a continuum to hierarchical at the other. Building a relationship was found to be influenced by role, personal qualities and organizational context. Appropriate relationships between role-holders were subject to negotiation, leading to a resulting congruence or incongruence between participants' expectations of each other and their roles. Personal qualities were brought into play in the process, with patients' views of staff and staff views of patients both being influential. Some of these views seemed to parallel what has been described in earlier literature as ‘the sick role’ and the labelling of patients as ‘good’ or ‘bad’. Responses to personal qualities led to nurses ascribing meaning to patients' behaviour in terms of adjustment to their stroke, giving time to them to help them to adjust, and withdrawal and handing over to other staff if this strategy failed. Organizational context also had an influence on building a relationship, with time constraints being identified particularly by nurses, and the need to fit in the most essential aspects of care. Place was also important, in that nurses were confined to the ward as a work location, whereas other therapists and doctors worked in other places and sometimes had the facility to take patients off the ward to concentrate on therapy. The findings are discussed against the background of related literature and the conclusion is drawn that the crucial role of nurses in rehabilitation is not recognized and valued, and that shortages of resources - especially suitably qualified and trained nursing staff- are a negative influence on building the relationships which are vital to successful rehabilitation.     

手烧伤晚期功能重建

目的：探讨一种科学的方法对手烧伤晚期畸形进行功能重建。方法：采用了手术与非手术相结合的方法，对62例病人，80只手烧伤晚期功能障碍进行重建。结果：局部改形31例，大张全厚或中厚植皮27例，皮瓣移植4例，手术均成功，术后注重康复治疗，畸形改善，功能得到最大限度恢复。结论：手烧伤晚期功能重建如何，烧伤早期正确处理是基础，整形手术是关键，康复治疗是保障。     

Short and long term effects of exercise training on the tonic autonomic modulation of heart rate variability after myocardial infarction

We studied the effects of cardiac rehabilitation on the sympathovagalcontrol of heart rate variability in 30 patients after a first,uncomplicated myocardial infarction. Twenty-two patients completed8 weeks of endurance training (trained), while eight decidednot to engage in the rehabilitation programme for logisticalreasons, and were taken as untrained controls. Age, site ofinfarction, ejection fraction, ventricular diameter and stresstest duration were similar in the two groups at baseline. Heartrate variability was evaluated 4 weeks after infarction beforestarting rehabilitation, and repeated 8 weeks and one year laterin both trained and untrained patients. Measures of heart ratevariability, obtained from both time- and frequency- domainanalysis of a 15 min ECG recording in resting conditions, wereas follows: mean RR interval and its standard deviation (RRSD),the mean square successive differences (MSSD), the percent ofRR intervals differing >50 ms from the preceding RR (pNTN50),the low and high frequency components of the autoregressivepower spectrum of the RR intervals and their ratio (LF/HF).At baseline, heart rate variability was similar in trained anduntrained patients. In the short term (8 weeks after infarction),training increased RRSD by 25% (P<0·01), MSSD by 69%(P<0·01), pNN50 by 120% (P<0·01), and reducedLF/HF ratio by 30% (P<0·01). The effects persistedafter one year in trained patients. In untrained patients, theautonomic control of heart rate variability did not change 8weeks after myocardial infarction and was only slightly modifiedby time. Thus, exercise training, performed for 8 weeks aftera myocardial infarction, modifies the sympathovagal controlof heart rate variability toward a persistent increase in parasympathetictone, known to be associated with a better prognosis. This maypartly account for the favourable outcome of patients who undergorehabilitation.     

早期康复治疗对脑梗塞患者脑血流量等的影响

本文研究早期（发病１周以内）康复治疗对脑梗塞患者脑血流量及脑功能的影响。随机选择８９例脑梗塞患者，分层随机抽样分为康复组４９例，对照组４０例，治疗前后分别采用￣（１３３）Ｘｅ吸入法测定脑血流量，检查脑电地形图。结果发现康复组总有效率９３．９％，对照组７７．５％。两组治疗后脑血流量均明显改善，但康复组比对照组高（ｔ＝４．９９，Ｐ＜０．０１），神经功能缺损评分亦为康复组明显改善。康复组脑电地形图改善率９５．９％，对照组７７．５％（Ｘ２＝５．３０，Ｐ＜０．０５）。认为早期康复治疗可以促进脑梗塞患者脑血流量的恢复及脑功能的改善。     

Long-term follow-up study of 268 diabetic patients undergoing haemodialysis, with special attention to visual acuity and heterogeneity

We studied the long-term outcome of 268 patients suffering fromdiabetic end-stage renal disease (DM-ESRD) treated with long-termhaemodialysis between 1978 and 1991, with special emphasis onvisual acuity as well as the heterogeneity of DM-ESRD The 50%patient survival on haemodialysis was 60 months. Visual disturbanceswere found in 73.1% (392/536) of eyes at the start of haemodialysis.Chronological assess ment of visual acuity demonstrated thestabilization of visual acuity and 87.1% (364/418) of eyes werestable, 4.8% (20/418) were improved, and 8.1% (34/418) wereaggravated in the long term respectively. The change of visualacuity was frequently seen in the short term, and rapid shiftsof body fluid to correct overhydration induced abrupt changesof glycaemic control as well as retraction of macular oedema.Hence it might be one of the factors affecting rapid changeof visual acuity in the short term. Meanwhile, long-term deterioration of visual acuity resulted from either hyperten sionunresponsive to medical treatment or poor glycaemic control.Some DM-ESRD patients had only background retinopathy at thestart of haemodialysis and these were likely to have the nephroscleroticglomerular lesion. They were old, not nephrotic and had a milddegree of diabetes during the predialysis stage. Thus, DM-ESRDpatients seem to have some heterogeneity in their clinical characteristics,and old DM-ESRD patients with only background retinopathy havethe appearance of diabetic macroangiopathy rather than microangiopathy.     

术后快速康复对全膝关节置换术后功能的影响

目的 通过对比全膝关节置换术(total knee arthroplasty, TKA)患者术后功能结果,探讨术后快速康复(enhanced recovery after surgery, ERAS)方案对TKA术后功能的影响。方法 以首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院2010年1月1日到2021年12月31日1 881例诊断为膝关节骨关节炎的住院患者为研究对象,根据是否应用ERAS方案分为ERAS组和对照组。收集两组患者基本信息、术前和术后1个月的膝关节活动度、美国膝关节协会评分(American Knee Society Score, KSS)、西大略湖和麦克马斯特大学骨关节炎评分(the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities, WOMAC)以及术后1个月患者满意度。结果 实施术后快速康复方案后,ERAS组住院时间及住院费用明显低于对照组,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。术后1个月,ERAS组患者KSS临床和功能评分以及膝关节活动度明显优于对照组,患者术后满意度明显高于对照组,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);而术后1个...     

病房康复延伸护理对脑卒中迟缓性偏瘫患者三维步态时空参数的影响

目的:观察病房康复延伸护理对脑卒中迟缓性偏瘫患者三维步态时空参数的影响。方法:将60例脑卒中迟缓性偏瘫患者随机分为常规护理组(A组,n=30)、病房康复延伸护理组(B组,n=30)两组,予以相应的方法治疗8周,评估治疗前后两组患者三维步态时空参数。结果:与治疗前相比,治疗后两组患者的步长、步幅、步速、步频、支撑相、双支撑相等参数及B组摆动相均有不同程度的改善(P<0.05); A组摆动相和步宽及B组步宽的变化差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与治疗后A组比较,治疗后B组的步长、步幅、步速、步频、支撑相、双支撑相等参数改善较为明显(P<0.05),步宽和摆动相的改善差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:病房康复延伸护理能改善脑卒中迟缓性偏瘫患者三维步态时空参数,具有临床意义。