育龄妇女紧急避孕知识掌握及应用情况调查分析

目的了解育龄妇女对紧急避孕知识掌握和应用情况,为政府进一步推广紧急避孕方法提供依据。方法采用随机整群抽样方法,对2011年到大连市计划生育技术指导所就诊的,家住市区内的2434名18～45岁育龄妇女进行问卷调查。结果育龄妇女了解紧急避孕知识和获取紧急避孕药途径都较少。结论政府应加强人口计划生育公共服务体系建设,加大包括紧急避孕方法在内的计划生育知识宣传力度。     

贵州省育龄妇女碘营养状况及血清促甲状腺激素水平调查

目的 了解贵州省育龄妇女碘营养状况及其促甲状腺激素（TSH）水平,为碘缺乏病防治工作提供依据。方法 在全省范围内，每市（州）选择政府所在地市（区）为城市调查点、抽取1个经济相对落后且距市（州）政府所在地较远的县（市、区）为农村调查点，每个调查点分别采集300份居民户食用盐测定盐碘、150名当地户籍孕前育龄妇女1次即时尿样，测定碘含量；在抽取调查点妇幼保健机构采集300人份无甲状腺疾病病史、甲状腺检查正常的孕前优生健康检查妇女静脉血，测定TSH。结果 全省调查居民户食用盐5 400份，盐碘中位数为27.9 mg/kg,合格碘盐食用率为94.8%；调查孕前育龄妇女尿碘2 693份，中位数为199.3 μg /L，各调查点尿碘中位数位于143.8～323.7 μg/L之间；采集育龄妇女静脉血5 400份，TSH中位数为1.75 mIU/L，各调查点TSH中位数位于0.86～2.33 mIU/L之间。结论 我省碘盐质量稳定，合格碘盐食用率符合要求，育龄妇女碘营养状况适宜，近年来防治效果良好。     

育龄女性生殖道感染影响因素及健康教育需求调查分析

目的：探讨育龄女性生殖道感染影响因素及健康教育需求。方法选取2013年4月—2015年2月在武汉大学人民医院健康体检的育龄女性2042名，采用问卷调查的方法采集妇女一般人口学特征、婚育情况、健康教育需求等信息，同时进行体格和实验室检查。结果2042名育龄女性中有892例患生殖道感染，患病率为43.68%，其中慢性宫颈炎患病率最高（41.77%），患1种疾病者占30.46%，2种疾病者占19.83%，3种及以上疾病者占1.18%。育龄女性生殖道感染与年龄、受教育程度和家庭年收入有关（P ﹤0.05），与婚姻状况无关（ P ﹥0.05）；与性生活频率、月经期性生活、避孕措施、原发性痛经、引流产史和生殖道感染相关知识知晓情况有关（P ﹤0.05），而与生育次数无关（P ﹥0.05）；非条件 logistic 回归分析结果显示，受教育程度、家庭年收入、原发性痛经和引流产史是育龄女性患生殖道感染的独立影响因素（P ﹤0.05，P ﹤0.01），其中受教育程度高、家庭年收入高是保护因素（ OR =0.932，0.921），有原发性痛经、引流产史是危险因素（OR =1.372，1.562）。育龄女性生殖道感染防治知识希望获取途径排前3位的是广播电视（39.37%）、卫生宣传资料（17.38%）、QQ 微信等通讯工具（15.08%）。结论育龄女性生殖道感染较普遍，应针对女性生殖道感染影响因素进行预防干预，同时大力开展针对性的健康教育和妇科普查。     

广州市已婚农民工对安全套作用认识的调查分析

目的:了解已婚农民工对安全套的认识,并对可能的影响因素进行分析,为安全套在流动人口中的健康促进提供参考。方法:采用统一的"贫困地区外出打工群体(流动人口)生殖健康需求与服务(已婚女性或已婚男性)问卷",调查已婚农民工3423名,其中男性1155名,女性2268名,并对与安全套有关的问题进行分析。结果:已婚农民工中70.8%知道安全套有避孕作用,能预防性病的占52%,能预防艾滋病占42.2%;知道安全套具有双重作用的31.6%;文化程度和年龄对安全套的认识具有影响作用,而婚检等没有作用,男女性的影响因素存在着差异,女性对安全套的认识明显低于男性。结论:要进一步加强对农民工安全套知识教育,特别是安全套的防病作用,同时要注意其中的性别差异。     

暴露前预防对HIV阴性妇女行无保护性性交妊娠的结果分析

目的探讨女方HIV阴性,而男方HIV阳性者夫妇或性伴侣经暴露前预防后行无保护性性交并妊娠的结果进行分析。方法筛选15例符合人组标准并有妊娠生育期待的夫妇或性伴侣进行妊娠前咨询,女方需要知道HIV感染的危险可能降低,但不能排除。女方在首次授精前3个月左右开始自行记录基础体温,确定大致排卵时间。男方为HIV阳性患者,且CD4＋T淋巴细胞〉250个／μl,病毒载量〈50拷贝／ml。女性性伴侣在每个排卵周期授精2次,在无保护性性交前24h服用齐多夫定（300mg,2次／d）,拉米夫定（300mg,1次／d）,克力芝（500mg,2次／d）,第2次授精后24h停止预防。如未妊娠重复上述周期。首次无保护性性交后1、3、6、12、18个月检测女方HIV抗体。结果采用暴露前预防后无保护性性交15例夫妇或性伴侣妊娠生育7例,妊娠率47％（7／15）。15例入选病例研究终点均未发现女性HIV感染。结论采用暴露前预防的方法可以降低未感染女性的易感性,为男性HIV感染者的生育期待提供了一种帮助。     

Ambivalent Childbearing Motivations: Predicting Condom Use by Urban,African-American,Female Youth

Study ObjectiveTo describe a model of how interactions between positive and negative childbearing motivations affect the use of condoms for contraceptive purposes and test hypotheses based on that model.DesignPsychological and behavioral data were collected during a study that sampled randomly selected census block groups.SettingRespondents were household residents of Baltimore City, Maryland, between 2004 and 2007.ParticipantsEnglish-speaking, sexually active African-American women between the ages of 15 and 24 who had completed a reliable and valid measure of both positive and negative childbearing motivations.Main Outcome MeasuresRegularity of condom use during the past 90 days and contraceptive method at last sex.ResultsThe results of regression analyses with the total sample confirm that antinatal childbearing motivations predicted more regular condom use and that ambivalent, pronatal, and indifferent childbearing motivations acting together each predicted less regular condom use. The results with a subgroup using condom and not hormonal contraception confirmed that ambivalent childbearing motivation alone predicted less regular condom use.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate how positive and negative childbearing motivations interact to create a dynamic effect on contraceptive behavior that transcends the effect of either positive or negative motivation acting alone. We conclude that the dynamics of these motivational interactions have important implications for further research on contraceptive decision-making, for augmenting the understanding of caretakers and providers, and for the formation of new policies that focus on the prevention of unplanned pregnancy among youth.     

A clinical evaluation of evidence-based maternity care using the Optimality Index

The Optimality Index-US (OI-US) reflects the use of evidence-based practices in obstetrics. This paper's objective is to apply the OI-US to a "typical" nurse-midwifery service data set to demonstrate its use outside of a research context. The OI-US score for the sample practice was 80%. The OI-US can be used by obstetric and gynecologic nurse clinicians to demonstrate the relationship of various care practices to optimal outcomes.     

浙江省育龄妇女生殖道感染及性传播疾病知识调查

目的：调查浙江省城镇、农村育龄妇女的生殖道感染（RTIs）及性传播疾病（STDs）的认知水平。方法：采用分层整群随机抽样方法调查2970人，制定统一方法进行问卷调查。结果：城乡育龄妇女对生殖道感染／性传播疾病常见病种、传播途径、预防措施知识总答对率分别为65.16％、78.53％、84.28％，其中常见病种中各项问答对率差异较大，最低为29.62％，最高达93.33％。凋查发现，居住地、年龄、文化程度和职业与认知程度有关。结论：浙江省育龄妇女对RTIs及STDs传播途径和预防措施知识的总体认知水平较高，对常见病种中某些知识的认识较为欠缺。生殖保健机构应针对性地开展生殖道感染及性传播疾病知识的宣教，进一步提高育龄妇女的自我保健意识和能力。     

Positive pregnancy outcomes in Mexican immigrants: what can we learn?

OBJECTIVE: To provide an integrated review of the literature of potential explanations for better than expected pregnancy outcomes in Mexican immigrants, focusing on socioeconomics, social support, desirability of pregnancy, nutrition, substance use, religion, acculturation, and prenatal care. DATA SOURCES: Computerized searches of MEDLINE and CINAHL databases, as well as reference lists from published articles on low birth weight and prematurity in immigrants and acculturation in immigrants from January 1989 to December 2002. Search terms were Mexican immigrant women, childbearing, and pregnancy outcome, and only English-language articles were reviewed. STUDY SELECTION: Literature was selected from refereed publications in the areas of nursing, medicine, public health, family, and sociology. DATA EXTRACTION: Data were extracted using keywords pertinent to pregnancy outcome in Mexican immigrants. DATA SYNTHESIS: Despite having many of the risk factors for poor pregnancy outcomes, Mexican immigrants have superior birth outcomes when compared to U.S.-born women. Social support, familism, healthy diet, limited use of cigarettes and alcohol, and religion may play a role in improved outcomes. The superior outcomes diminish with the process of acculturation as the individual adapts to her new culture. CONCLUSIONS: Low birth weight and prematurity are public health concerns in the United States. Through further study of the factors that lead to superior birth outcomes among Mexican immigrant women, rates of low birth weight and prematurity in the United States may be reduced.