循环游离DNA甲基化在乳腺癌中的研究进展

DNA基因启动子甲基化是重要的表观遗传学机制之一,是导致抑癌基因表达沉默的重要分子生物学基础.乳腺癌患者外周血中循环游离DNA含量明显高于健康人,且具有与肿瘤原发灶一致的基因异常改变.研究显示,乳腺癌患者外周血循环游离DNA中存在多种基因甲基化异常,且与患者的临床病理特征存在不同程度的相关性,在乳腺癌的早期诊断、预后判断、疗效预测和复发监测等方面具有重要价值,本文就循环游离DNA甲基化在乳腺癌中的相关研究进展作一综述.     

藤黄中藤黄酸B的制备分离方法优选及结构确证

目的建立一种高效且重现性好的藤黄酸B的制备分离方法,并对分离产物进行结构确证。方法采用乙醇超声提取方式对藤黄药材进行初步提取,用中压制备色谱和高压制备色谱相结合的方式对藤黄乙醇提取物中藤黄酸B进行分离和纯化,并采用正交设计对提取和分离工艺进行优化。采用红外光谱、质谱、1 H-核磁共振谱、13C-核磁共振谱对分离得到的样品进行结构鉴定。结果优选的分离方法较其他方法简便且高效可控,分离得到的样品通过结构鉴定,确定为藤黄酸B且纯度可达到99%以上。结论所建立的藤黄酸B的提取分离方法具有高效、简便且重现性好的特点。同时,本研究提供了藤黄酸B相对完整的谱图信息,并确证了所分离藤黄酸B的结构。     

中电导钙激活钾通道渊IKCa通道冤在HeLa细胞中的表达及其对细胞增殖的影响

目的：本研究旨在探讨中电导钙激活钾通道(IKCa通道)在宫颈癌HeLa细胞中的表达及其对细胞增殖的作用。方法：以宫颈癌HeLa细胞株为研究对象,构建包含IKCa通道特异性shRNA片段的pGenesil-IK质粒;运用荧光定量PCR和Western Blotting比较pGenesil-IK质粒转染干预前后宫颈癌HeLa细胞中IKCa通道基因和蛋白表达水平的变化;运用WST-1检测技术和流式细胞术观察转染干扰质粒后对HeLa细胞增殖的影响。结果：[1]转染pGenesil-IK干扰质粒后HeLa细胞IKCa通道mRNA及蛋白表达水平较对照组显著降低(P<0.05)。[2]转染pGenesil-IK1干扰质粒显著抑制HeLa细胞增殖和细胞周期(P<0.05)。结论：宫颈癌HeLa细胞上有较高的IKCa通道表达,抑制宫颈癌HeLa细胞株IKCa通道表达能有效抑制癌细胞增殖,提示IKCa通道可能是宫颈癌的治疗靶点之一。     

抗埃博拉期间利比里亚护理人员标准隔离防护相关知识、态度与行为调查

目的 了解利比里亚护理人员对标准隔离防护知识、态度和行为水平。方法 采用基于国际标准隔离防护指南设计的《医护人员标准隔离防护知信行》英文量表,通过涵盖一般情况,标准隔离防护知识、态度及行为等32个条目的问卷对中国解放军援利医疗队所在的埃博拉诊疗中心的护理人员进行调查。结果 问卷由80名护理人员填写,有效回收率71.25%。其标准隔离防护知识、态度和行为的平均得分分别是(7.4±1.1)分、(36.4±4.6)分、(6.6±1.9)分。经Spearman相关系数检验,护理人员标准隔离防护的知识与态度、态度与行为间存在正向线性相关关系,而知识与行为间相关关系不显著。结论 在经济落后、医疗卫生保健体系岌岌可危的利比里亚,世界卫生援助机构对当地护理人员的埃博拉病毒病相关隔离防护实践培训一定程度上提升了其隔离防护的行为水准。但由于缺乏系统的标准隔离防护理论培训,以及政府不能提供充足的隔离防护用品,利比里亚护理人员对标准隔离防护的态度仍存在一定的提升空间,这将影响国际援助撤离后利比里亚护理人员标准隔离防护的行为水平。     

Comparative Analysis of Telomerase Activity in CD117+CD34+ Cardiac Telocytes with Bone Mesenchymal Stem Cells,Cardiac Fibroblasts and Cardiomyocytes

Background:This study characterized the cardiac telocyte (TC) population both in vivo and in vitro,and investigated its telomerase activity related to mitosis.Methods:Using transmission electron micros...     

The Number of Positive Pelvic Lymph Nodes and Multiple Groups of Pelvic Lymph Node Metastasis Influence Prognosis in Stage ⅠA-ⅡB Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Background:Pelvic lymph node metastasis (LNM) is an important prognostic factor in cervical cancer.Cervical squamous cell carcinoma accounts for approximately 75-80％ of all cervical cancers.Analyses of...     

Diagnostic Utility of Diffusion-weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Differentiating Small Solid Renal Tumors (≤4 cm) at 3.0T Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Background:

The aim of this study was to assess the performance of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurement obtained with diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) to distinguish renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) from small benign solid renal tumors (≤4 cm).

Methods:

In this cross-sectional study, 49 consecutive patients with histopathologically confirmed small solid renal tumors, and seven healthy volunteers were imaged using nonenhanced MRI and DW-MRI. The ADC map was calculated using the b values of 0, 50, 400, and 600 s/mm² and values compared via the Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney tests. The utility of ADC for differentiating RCCs and benign lesions was assessed using a receiver operating characteristic curve. Multiple nonenhanced MRI features were analyzed by Logistic regression.

Results:

The tumors consisted of 33 cases of clear-cell RCCs (ccRCCs) and 16 cases of benign tumors, including 14 cases of minimal fat angiomyolipomas and 2 cases of oncocytomas. The ADCs showed significant differences among benign tumors ([0.90 ± 0.52] × 10⁻³ mm²/s), ccRCCs ([1.53 ± 0.31] × 10⁻³ mm²/s) and the normal renal parenchyma ([2.22 ± 0.12] × 10⁻³ mm²/s) (P < 0.001). Moreover, there was statistically significant difference between high and low-grade ccRCCs (P = 0.004). Using a cut-off ADC of 1.36 × 10⁻³ mm²/s, DW-MRI resulted in an area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity equal to 0.839, 75.8%, and 87.5%, respectively. Nonenhanced MRI alone and the combination of imaging methods led to an AUC, sensitivity and specificity equal to 0.919, 93.9%, and 81.2%, 0.998, 97%, and 100%, respectively. The Logistic regression showed that the location of the center of the tumor (inside the contour of the kidney) and appearance of stiff blood vessel were significantly helpful for diagnosing ccRCCs.

Conclusions:

DW-MRI has potential in distinguishing ccRCCs from benign lesions in human small solid renal tumors (≤4 cm), and in increasing the accuracy for diagnosing ccRCCs when combined with nonenhanced MRI.     

Analyses of Potential Predictive Markers and Response to Targeted Therapy in Patients with Advanced Clear-cell Renal Cell Carcinoma

Background:Vascular endothelial growth factor-targeted agents are standard treatments in advanced clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC),but biomarkers of activity are lacking.The aim of this study wa...     

Survival Outcome of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Arising from Sinonasal Inverted Papilloma

Background:

Sinonasal inverted papilloma (IP) is a rare benign tumor of the nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses. It is destructive or bone-remodeling, tends to recur after surgical resection, and has a significant malignant potential. The present study aimed to perform a retrospective analysis of patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) arising from IP, including characteristics, survival outcome, and predictors of associated malignancy.

Methods:

The medical records of 213 patients diagnosed with IP from January 1970 to January 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. Eighty-seven patients were diagnosed with SCC/IP; their clinical characteristics, treatments, and survival outcomes were analyzed.

Results:

Of the 87 patients with SCC/IP, the 5- and 10-year overall survival outcomes were 39.6% and 31.8%, respectively. Twenty-nine of these patients received surgery and 58 received combined surgery and radiation. Of the patients with stages III–IV, the 5-year survival rate was 30.7% for those treated with surgery only and 39.9% for those given the combination treatment (P = 0.849). Factors associated with significantly poor prognosis were advanced-stage, metachronous tumors, or with cranial base and orbit invasion. Age, synchronous or metachronous tumors, and pathological stage were independent risk factors for mortality, shown by multivariate analysis.

Conclusion:

Patients with SCC/IP had low overall survival outcomes. Advanced age, stage, and metachronous tumors are the main factors affecting prognosis. Treatment planning should consider high-risk factors to improve survival outcome.