大学生自我分化、成人依恋与嫉妒的关系

目的:探讨大学生自我分化、成人依恋与其嫉妒的关系。方法:采用方便取样从湖南某高校选取443名大学生进行大学生自我分化量表、亲密关系体验量表和布伦格尔自我报告嫉妒量表的测试。结果:1男生在情绪反应得分上显著低于女生,而在情感断绝上显著高于女生(t=2.519,-3.493;P0.01)。男生在依恋回避和依恋焦虑得分上均显著高于女生(t=4.269,3.622;P0.01);2自我分化总分与嫉妒呈显著负相关。依恋焦虑与嫉妒呈显著负相关。自我分化总分与依恋回避,依恋焦虑均呈显著负相关(r=-0.285,0.220,-0.346,-0.537;P0.01);3自我分化总分与依恋焦虑均对嫉妒有显著的预测作用(Beta=-0.239,P0.001;Beta=0.113,P0.05);4自我分化总分在依恋焦虑对嫉妒的影响作用中起到完全中介作用,中介效应量为1.199,占总效应的比例为84.49%。结论:提高大学生的自我分化水平,建立安全型依恋以减少嫉妒的消极心理影响,改善大学生人际关系。     

Links between Adolescents' Closeness to Adoptive Parents and Attachment Style in Young Adulthood

This study examined whether adolescents' closeness to adoptive parents (APs) predicted attachment styles in close relationships outside their family during young adulthood. In a longitudinal study of domestic infant adoptions, closeness to adoptive mother and adoptive father was assessed in 156 adolescents (M = 15.7 years). Approximately 9 years later (M = 25.0 years), closeness to parents was assessed again as well as attachment style in their close relationships. Multilevel modeling was used to predict attachment style in young adulthood from the average and discrepancy of closeness to adolescents' adoptive mothers and fathers and the change over time in closeness to APs. Less avoidant attachment style was predicted by stronger closeness to both APs during adolescence. Increased closeness to APs over time was related to less anxiety in close relationships. Higher closeness over time to either AP was related to less avoidance and anxiety in close relationships.     

A Review on Attachment and Adolescent Substance Abuse: Empirical Evidence and Implications for Prevention and Treatment

Background: This paper reviews research on the relation of attachment and substance use disorders (SUD) in adolescence. Based on a theoretical introduction, we review evidence for a possible general link between SUD and insecure attachment, for links between specific forms of SUD and specific patterns of attachment, and for studies on family patterns of attachment in adolescence. Methods: Using medical and psychological databases, we identified 10 studies on adolescent SUD and another 13 studies on adult SUD. Results: Empirical evidence strongly supports the assumption of insecure attachment in SUD samples. With regard to specific patterns of attachment, results mainly point towards fearful and dismissing-avoidance, whereas single studies report preoccupied and unresolved patterns. Results indicate different patterns of attachment in different groups of substance abusers, that is, fearful-avoidant attachment in heroin addicts and more heterogeneous results in abusers of other substances. Explorative data suggest different types of insecure family attachment patterns, which might imply different functions of substance abuse and lead to different treatment recommendations. Methodological problems such as poor assessment of SUD and the use of different measures of attachment limit comparability. Conclusions: Although a lot of research is still needed to address the unknowns in the relation between attachment and SUD, there is strong evidence for a general link between SUD and insecure attachment. Data on connections between different patterns of attachment and different pathways towards SUD are less conclusive but mainly point to disorganized and externalizing pathways. Evidence suggests that fostering attachment security might improve the outcome of state-of-the-art approaches in both early interventional treatment and prevention. Implications for individual and family approaches are outlined.     

Completion pancreatectomy in the acute management of pancreatic fistula after pancreaticoduodenectomy: a systematic review and qualitative synthesis of the literature

Background

Pancreatic fistula remains a major complication after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). Re-operation is generally considered only after exhaustion of non-surgical options. A variety of pancreas-preserving operations have been proposed, but completion pancreatectomy (CP) stands out in locally complicated cases as a universal approach. This study aims to provide a qualitative synthesis of the peer-reviewed literature regarding emergency CP for post-PD pancreatic fistula.

Syntaxin 11 is required for NK and CD8+ T‐cell cytotoxicity and neutrophil degranulation

Syntaxin 11 (STX11) controls vesicular trafficking and is a key player in exocytosis. Since Stx11 mutations are causally associated with a familial hemophagocytic lymphohistio‐cytosis, we wanted to clarify whether STX11 is functionally important for key immune cell populations. This was studied in primary cells obtained from newly generated Stx11^?/? mice. Our data revealed that STX11 is not only widely expressed in different immune cells, but also induced upon LPS or IFN‐γ treatment. However, Stx11 deficiency does not affect macrophage phagocytic function and cytokine secretion, mast cell activation, or antigen presentation by DCs. Instead, STX11 selectively controls lymphocyte cytotoxicity in NK and activated CD8⁺ T cells and degranulation in neutrophils. Stx11^?/? NK cells and CTLs show impaired degranulation, despite a comparable activation, maturation and expression of the complex‐forming partners MUNC18–2 and VTI1B. In addition, Stx11^?/? CTLs and NK cells produce abnormal levels of IFN‐γ. Since functional reconstitution rescues the defective phenotype of Stx11^?/? CTLs, we suggest a direct, specific and key role of STX11 in controlling lymphocyte cytotoxicity, cytokine production and secretion. Finally, we show that these mice are a very useful tool for dissecting the role of STX11 in vesicular trafficking and secretion.     

Attachment and Object Relations in Patients With Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Implications for Therapeutic Process and Outcome

This article presents a therapeutic approach for patients with severe personality disorders, transference‐focused psychotherapy (TFP), a manualized evidence‐based treatment, which integrates contemporary object relations theory with attachment theory and research. Case material is presented from a narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) patient in TFP whose primary presenting problems were in the arena of sexuality and love relations, and whose attachment state of mind showed evidence of oscillation between dismissing and preoccupied mechanisms. Clinical process material is presented to illustrate the tactics and techniques of TFP and how they have been refined for treatment of individuals with NPD. The ways in which conflicts around sexuality and love relations were lived out in the transference is delineated with a focus on the interpretation of devalued and idealized representations of self and others, both of which are key components of the compensatory grandiose self that defensively protects the individual from an underlying sense of vulnerability and imperfection.     

Lien prénatal et effet du vécu de la surprotection maternelle sur son développement

ObjectivesExplore the relationship between the recalled bond of pregnant women to their own mothers and the development of prenatal attachment.MethodsWomen with a single-fetal pregnancy who consulted the outpatient service of the maternity “C” ward of the center of maternity and neonatology of Tunis and had perceived fetal movements were included. Maternal-fetal attachment was assessed by the Prenatal Attachment Inventory (PAI), and the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) was used to evaluate experienced bond to mother. Socio demographic and clinical data were collected on a pre-established form.ResultsEighty respondents were retained from 95 recruited pregnant women. Their ages ranged from 19 to 44 with an average of 32 years. The rate of primiparity was of 28.7 % and half of pregnancies were identified at risk. The mean score of PAI was 55.3 (ET = 10.79). Means scores of PBI “care” dimension and “overprotection” dimension were respectively of 26.26 (ET = 5.82) and 17 (ET = 6.38). The four types of maternal bonding according to the PBI scores were distributed as follow: affectionate constraint (31.3 %), affectionless control (35 %), optimal bonding (21.3 %) and weak bonding (12.5 %). The two PBI dimensions “care” and “overprotection” were significantly and negatively correlated (P < 0.05). The PAI scores were not correlated with the PBI “care” dimension scores but were significantly and negatively correlated with the “overprotection” dimension scores (P < 0.,01). In order to better explore this association, the “overprotection” dimension scores were studied according to the 21 items of the PAI. A negative and significant correlation was found only with three of the PAI items: item 12 (P < 0;01), 15, and 20 (P < 0;05).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that pregnant women whose mothers showed more overprotective and controlling behaviors could be at risk of developing a weak maternofetal attachment. Further research is needed.     

心理咨询中当事人工作同盟的发展及与依恋的关系

目的:研究心理咨询中当事人工作同盟的发展模式,并探讨当事人依恋与工作同盟的关系.方法:从两所大学的心理咨询中心征集当事人71例,每次会谈后采用简版工作同盟量表-修订版(WAI-SR)测量工作同盟情况,并采用亲密关系体验问卷(ECR)测查当事人依恋.当事人的整个咨询过程分为前中后三期,第一次为前期,最后一次为后期,其余为咨询中期.采用多层线性回归,以每次会谈结束后的工作同盟追踪数据为第一层数据,以当事人的依恋为第二层数据,来探讨当事人工作同盟的发展模式.结果:多层线性模型分析结果表明,随会谈次数增加,WAI-SR得分上升(γ10=0.72,P＜0.01).ECR的依恋回避维度对工作同盟发展速率的影响接近有统计学意义(γ11=0.49,P=0.067).方差分析的结果表明,在咨询前期,不同依恋类型当事人WAI-SR得分由高到低依次为恐惧型(29.3±5.8)、先占型(29.0±7.3)、安全型(23.0±7.8)和回避型(22.8±9.2).安全型当事人中期和后期WAI-SR得分高于前期[(28.0±7.0),(30.0±6.1) vs.(23.0±7.8);P＜0.05];而先占型、恐惧型、回避型当事人WAI-SR得分在前、中、后期差异均无统计学意义(均P＞0.05).结论:工作同盟随会谈次数的增加表现出线性增长模式,且当事人工作同盟的发展模式因其依恋的不同而有所差异,提示在咨询过程中应关注当事人依恋并有针对性地促进其工作同盟.