63例CT导引下经皮肺穿刺活检术的围手术期护理

目的：探讨CT导引下经皮肺穿刺活检术围手术期的护理程序及注意事项。方法：对我院2007年11月至2009年7月63例行CT导引下经皮肺穿刺活检术的患者实施术前、术中、术后护理及健康指导等围手术期护理程序。结果：实施围手术期护理程序后,患者焦虑程度明显减轻,并发症明显减少,术后恢复良好,患者均安全度过围手术期。结论：认真落实护理程序各阶段的护理措施,是减少CT导引下经皮肺穿刺活检术围手术期意外和各种护理并发症的关键。应用围手术期护理程序可提高手术的护理质量,减少术后并发症,为患者迅速康复奠定良好的基础。     

PET/CT显像在探测卵巢癌术后复发、转移中的应用

目的探讨PET／CT在探测和诊断卵巢癌术后复发、转移中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析54例卵巢癌术后患者全身或局部PET／CT显像结果。临床随访时间3～20个月。确诊依据为手术病理检查、多种影像学检查和临床随诊。结果54例中41例有肿瘤复发、转移，13例无肿瘤复发。PET／CT诊断肿瘤复发、转移的灵敏度为90．2％，特异性为84．6％。与PET／CT显像前的CT、B超检查结果比较，9例腹腔及盆腔常规CT和（或）B超检查阴性者，PET／CT显像于腹腔及盆腔发现1处或多处隐匿性恶性肿瘤病灶，31．7％的患者PET／CT显像发现多处病灶且提示肿瘤广泛转移，从而改变临床分期和治疗方案。转移灶的分布以腹腔和盆腔为主，远处转移较少。19例患者糖类抗原（CA）125升高，PET／CT显像阳性率为89．4％。结论PET／CT显像能灵敏、准确地检出卵巢癌术后复发和转移病灶，使分期更准确、更全面。     

良性前列腺增生合并糖尿病TUVP的围手术期处理(附37例分析)

目的 探讨提高良性前列腺增生合并糖尿病围手术期安全性的措施。方法 回顾性分析37例良性前列腺增生合并糖尿病患者经尿道前列腺汽化术（TUVP）的围手术期处理。结果 35例排尿满意，2例口服α受体阻滞剂达到满意排尿，2例并发前列腺电切综合症（TURS），1例脑血栓，2例冠心病心绞痛发作，未发生低血糖反应、糖尿病高渗性昏迷及酮症酸中毒。结论 良性前列腺增生合并糖尿病患者在围手术期密切监测其血糖，应用胰岛素严格控制血糖，TUVP术是安全有效的。     

老年股骨颈骨折围手术期的治疗分析

目的探讨老年人股骨颈骨折的治疗及围手术期的处理。方法回顾性分析2003年1月～2006年12月手术治疗的201例老年股骨颈骨折患者资料，其中男51例，女150例，年龄60～98岁，平均78．2岁。按Garden分型，Ⅱ型20例，Ⅲ型86例，Ⅳ型95例。采用多枚中空螺钉固定、Morre型人工股骨头置换术或双极人工股骨头置换手术进行治疗。结果本组患者平均住院10～14d，5～7d即能早期下床活动，住院期间及术后1年内无一例死亡。85％患者获得8个月～4年（平均2年）的随访，功能恢复按Harris评分，优良率为85％。结论老年人各脏器机能衰退，多同时合并各种内科疾病，手术治疗存在风险，但老年人股骨颈骨折的手术治疗仍能取得满意疗效。     

局部手法按摩用于扩张皮瓣的初步探讨

目的总结局部手法按摩用于扩张皮瓣的初步经验。方法自2006年至2007年，我们将手法按摩用于扩张器置入预扩张皮瓣患者21例（35个扩张器）。采用预定的按摩手法，对置入扩张器的皮瓣进行适当按摩。结果本组21例患者，1例因感染取出扩张器，余20例效果满意。与以往未经手法按摩扩张器置入术比较，注水速度明显增快，扩张周期明显缩短。结论局部手法按摩用于扩张皮瓣，安全可靠，效果明显，值得推广。     

胃肠道恶性肿瘤围手术期肠内免疫营养的临床研究

目的评价肠内免疫营养对胃肠道恶性肿瘤术后免疫功能、炎症反应、营养状态、并发症的影响，探讨I临床推广应用的理论依据。方法将90例胃肠道恶性肿瘤随机分为免疫营养组、普通营养组和对照组，术前5天和术后1、8天分别检测多项指标。结果（1）术后免疫营养组免疫指标明显高于另两组；（2）术后免疫营养组的炎性指标明显低于另两组；（3）术后免疫营养组的前白蛋白明显高于另两组；（4）术后免疫营养组的并发症明显低于另两组。结论围手术期肠内免疫营养可在术后早期提高病人的免疫功能，减轻术后应激反应，降低术后并发症的发生率，并缩短平均住院时间。     

围手术期患者的心理评估及干预

目的探讨围手术期患者的心理状态及干预措施。方法对2009年1月至2010年1月间在我院接受手术治疗的患者92进行心理评估，分析心理状态及干预措施。结果6项心理测试中得0分者以焦虑最多，恐惧次之，再次为孤独、抑郁、疼痛及依赖等因子。本组0～4分者占9．8％，5～8分者占79．3％，9～11分者占10．9％，无0分及无满分者。结论围手术期患者均存在一定的心理问题，需及时给予心理干预措施。     

手法为主综合治疗腰椎间盘突出手术后复发

腰椎间盘突出症所引起的腰腿痛,目前多主张以保守治疗为主,但经手术治疗的也有一定比率。自2000年10月-2005年12月共收治经手术后复发的腰椎间盘突出症19例,临床应用松肌法、分离神经根粘连法、骨盆旋转整脊法、后伸压腰法、纠正脊柱侧弯法为主,结合骨盆牵引中药熏蒸,药物对症治疗为辅,取得了满意的效果。为探究其疗效机制,现总结如下。1临床资料1.1一般资料19例中,男16例,女3例;年龄26~59岁。有劳损、外伤及受凉诱发者12例。发病部位据CT、MRI检查统计:L3,4椎间盘突出1例,L4,5椎间盘突出9例,L5S1椎间盘突出5例,L4,5和L5S1两节段椎间盘…     

Cytochemical Redistribution of 5'-Nucleotidase in the Developing Cat Visual Cortex

The adenosine-producing ectoenzyme 5'-nucleotidase has recently been shown to undergo a marked redistribution during development of the cat visual cortex and to be involved in the remodelling of ocular dominance columns (Schoen et al., J. Comp. Neurol. , 296 , 379 – 392, 1990). Using an enzyme-cytochemical technique, we now investigate the developmental redistribution of 5'-nucleotidase activity in area 17 of kittens at the ultrastructural level. Between postnatal days 35 and 42, when 5'-nucleotidase is concentrated in layer IV, enzyme reaction product occupies the clefts of asymmetrical synapses within the neuropil. During later development (9th and 13th postnatal weeks), when 5'-nucleotidase spreads over all cortical laminae, the enzyme disappears from its synaptic localization and becomes increasingly associated with astrocytic membranes. The transient appearance of 5'-nucleotidase at synapses parallels the time-course and laminar profile of the synaptic remodelling which takes place during the critical period of visual cortex development. This suggests that synapse-bound 5'-nucleotidase activity plays a role in synaptic malleability, whereas its later association with glial profiles is likely to reflect other functions of the enzyme.     

Corticosterone release in response to repeated, short episodes of neonatal isolation : evidence of sensitization

Repeated isolation of neonatal rats produces persistent changes in physiology and behavior. In Experiment 1, we examined changes in plasma corticosterone (CORT) levels as a possible mechanism for the effects of isolation. Pups that were isolated from their mother and the nest for 1 h per day on postnatal days (PND) 2–9 were compared to control litters of pups that were either nonhandled or handled but not isolated. On PND 2, compared to nonhandled pups, handled pups had elevated CORT levels that returned to baseline levels within 30 to 60 min of return to the home cage. No significant elevation of CORT levels were found in handled pups on PND 9. The CORT levels of isolated pups were over twice those of nonhandled pups on PND 2 and four times those of nonhandled pups on PND 9. In Experiment 2, we investigated whether the increased CORT release in response to isolation on PND 9 was the result of the pups treatment on the previous six days as against an effect of maturation. Plasma CORT levels were measured in rat pups that were either isolated, handled or nonhandled on PNDs 2–8 during the conditions of isolation, handling and nonhandling on PND 9. There were no differences among the groups in basal plasma levels of CORT. Handling on PND 9 did not result in elevated CORT levels in any of the groups. All three groups showed a significant increase in plasma CORT levels after isolation on PND 9. However, the CORT response to isolation of pups previously isolated on PND 2–8 were significantly higher than pups that were either handled or nonhandled on PNDs 2–8. Thus, daily episodes of isolation potentiate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal response to stress.