高频震荡通气治疗先天性心脏病术后重症ARDS32例效果观察

目的探讨高频震荡通气(HFOV)对小儿心脏手术后重症ARDS的治疗效果。方法对32例心脏手术后常频通气(CMV)治疗无效的重症ARDS患儿行HFOV治疗,设置相应的参数并行氧合、通气管理,每次吸痰后行肺复张。观察治疗前后血气指标变化、HFOV治疗时间、肺复张期间循环指标变化、整体治疗期间并发症发生情况及患儿存活情况。结果 HFOV治疗后通气及气体交换在较短的时间内改善,12～48 h血气相关指标PaO2、PaCO2、吸入氧浓度(FiO2)、氧合指数(PaO2/FiO2)均明显改善且稳定。HFOV治疗时间43～238(128.5±67.49)h,肺复张期间循环指标未出现异常变化,末梢血氧饱和度快速恢复至吸痰前水平,呼吸机的吸氧浓度快速降低。整体治疗期间出现气胸9例,均安置胸腔闭式引流。本组患儿存活21例(65.6%),死亡11例。结论 HFOV对CMV治疗无效的重症ARDS能在较短时间内改善通气及气体交换,可作为小儿心脏术后重症ARDS的重要抢救措施。     

扩散加权成像技术在肝脏囊性病变中的应用

目的探讨MR扩散加权成像(DWI)及表观扩散系数(ADC)值在肝脏囊性病变诊断中的价值。方法对50例肝囊性病变患者行DWI检查,并测量ADC值。包括单纯性肝囊肿15例、单房囊肿型肝包虫病15例、脓腔形成期肝脓肿10例、囊性坏死性肝转移瘤10例。结果单纯性肝囊肿、单房囊肿型肝包虫病、脓腔形成期肝脓肿、囊性坏死性肝转移瘤ADC值分别为(3.85±0.23)×10-3 mm2/s、(3.52±0.53)×10-3 mm2/s、(1.069±0.1)×10-3 mm2/s、(2.159±0.14)×10-3 mm2/s,单纯性肝囊肿、单房囊肿型肝包虫病、脓腔形成期肝脓肿、囊性坏死性肝转移瘤ADC值差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在DWI图像上,脓腔形成期肝脓肿、囊性坏死性肝转移瘤呈高信号,而单纯性肝囊肿、单房囊肿型肝包虫病均呈低信号。结论分析DWI图像特点及ADC值在肝脏囊性病变中的鉴别诊断有重要价值。     

经胸房间隔缺损堵闭术对房室瓣反流的影响

目的探讨经胸房间隔缺损封堵术对房室瓣反流的影响。方法回顾性分析2002年1月至2011年3月在南方医科大学珠江医院经胸微创房间隔缺损堵闭术患者的临床资料,其中资料完全者43例,40例在食道超声、2例在经胸超声辅助下行房间隔缺损堵闭术。患者术前、术后1个月及6个月经超声心动图检查,观察心脏各指标的变化和房室瓣反流程度。结果41例手术成功,手术成功率95．3％（41／43）;1例术中改为右侧开胸小切口体外循环下房间隔缺损修补术,1例术中并发心搏骤停。1例术后并发肾功能衰竭：12例术后即时有少量残余漏,1个月后超声复查消失。术后超声随访显示：右心室、右心房直径较前缩小,左心室直径较前增大,肺动脉瓣血流速度明显降低,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;室间隔厚度、二尖瓣血流速度、主动脉瓣血流速度无明显改变,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。房间隔缺损堵闭术后1个月、6个月,二尖瓣瓣膜反流程度较术前加重,差异有统计学意义（平均秩次：2．01VS．2．17vs1．77,x2=10．78,P=0．04）;而三尖瓣的瓣膜反流程度术前与术后1个月、6个月比较,差异无统计学意义（平均秩次：1．88vs2．11US．2．01,X2=4．23,P=0．134）。结论房间隔缺损封堵术后,可引起二尖瓣反流程度的加重,但对三尖瓣的反流程度近期影响不明显;二尖瓣中度以上或三尖瓣重度反流的患者或不适宜行单纯房间缺损封堵术。     

复杂先天性心脏病矫治术后的快速康复研究

目的探索复杂先天性心脏病快速康复（fast track,FT）的可行性和安全性,探讨其相关影响因素。方法回顾性分析2008年1月至2010年6月阜外心血管病医院小儿外科中心复杂先天性心脏病矫治术后患者865例的临床资料。病种包括：法洛四联症,肺动脉闭锁、右心室双出口,大动脉转位,肺静脉畸形引流,心内膜垫缺损,主动脉缩窄合并室间隔缺损等。分析先天性心脏病手术风险分级评估（risk adjustment forcongenital heart surgery 1,RACHS-1）,病种类型、年龄、体质量等因素对FT的影响。结果总体FT比率为42.65%。按年龄分组（0～6个月、6～12个月以及〉12个月）3组FT比率分别为19.70%、40.20%、62.61%,3组间比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。FT组机械通气时间、重症监护病房住院时间比非FT组明显降低,差异有统计学意义[（6.51±4.06）h vs.（58.07±74.81）h,P〈0.05;（2.05±1.06）d vs.（7.64±8.75）d,P〈0.05]。Logistic回归分析提示年龄、体质量、高RACHS-1分级是复杂先天性心脏病FT治疗影响因素。结论部分复杂先天性心脏病矫治术后可行FT治疗,高RACHS-1风险分级、疾病类型、年龄〈6个月是复杂先天性心脏病矫治术后FT的影响因素。     

Multidisciplinary imaging of liver hydatidosis

Liver hydatidosis is a parasitic endemic disease affecting extensive areas in our planet, a significant stigma within medicine to manage because of its incidence, possible complications, and diagnostic involvements. The diagnosis of liver hydatidosis should be as fast as possible because of the relevant complications that may arise with disease progression, involving multiple organs and neighboring structures causing disruption, migration, contamination. The aim of this essay is to illustrate the role of imaging as ultrasonography (US), multi detector row computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the evaluation of liver hydatidosis: the diagnosis, the assessment of extension, the identification of possible complications and the monitoring the response to therapy. US is the screening method of choice. Computed tomography (CT) is indicated in cases in which US is inadequate and has high sensitivity and specificity for calcified hydatid cysts. Magnetic resonance is the best imaging procedure to demonstrate a cystic component and to show a biliary tree involvement. Diagnostic tests such as CT and MRI are mandatory in liver hydatidosis because they allow thorough knowledge regarding lesion size, location, and relations to intrahepatic vascular and biliary structures, providing useful information for effective treatment and decrease in post-operative morbidity. Hydatid disease is classified into four types on the basis of their radiologic appearance.     

成人法洛四联症60例外科治疗体会

目的:探讨成人法洛四联症(TOF)外科手术治疗。方法:成人TOF外科治疗60例,全组均有右心室流出道狭窄,15例肺动脉瓣狭窄,其中4例重度狭窄行成型术不满意或无法成型,而行跨环补片,2例因冠状动脉畸形而行(20～22)号牛颈静脉带瓣管道。结果:本组术后死亡5例,病死率8.3%。死于严重低心排出量综合征2例,无法停机2例,灌注肺1例。结论:成人TOF手术效果确切,患者术后生活质量明显改善。     

应用双封堵器封堵治疗复杂膜部瘤型室间隔缺损

目的:探讨应用双封堵器对复杂膜部瘤型室间隔缺损（VSD）进行介入封堵治疗的可行性、有效性和安全性。方法: 12例复杂膜部瘤型VSD患者,左心室造影后常规右股动脉-左心室-VSD-右心室-右股静脉输送轨道,对VSD进行封堵,重复左心室造影,发现存在不能接受的残余分流,遂建立右股动脉-左心室-VSD-右心室-左股静脉输送轨道,应用第2枚封堵器对残余分流进行封堵,左心室、升主动脉造影以及超声心动图检查确认封堵效果良好,释放封堵器。术后1、3、6、12个月复查超声心动图、X线检查和12导联心电图。结果: 12例患者均封堵成功。术毕即刻造影和超声心动图检查示封堵效果良好,无残余分流,各组瓣膜功能良好,无并发症发生。随访期间所有患者杂音消失,超声心动图检查无残余分流,心电图检查均为窦性心律,无房室传导阻滞或束支传导阻滞。结论: 应用双封堵器对复杂膜部瘤型VSD进行封堵治疗是可行的,且具有满意的疗效和安全性。     

Waiting time for transfer of patients with prostaglandin dependant congenital heart defects to tertiary cardiac centers

Worldwide congenital heart defects (CHD) are the leading cause of infant deaths owing to congenital anomalies. Delay in diagnosing and operating in neonates with prostaglandin dependant CHD may lead to significant morbidity and mortality.Objectives: To assess the time interval needed for acceptance and transfer of patients with critical CHD to a tertiary cardiac center and the impact on the patient’s survival.Study design: Retrospective database reviews of all cases diagnosed to have prostaglandin dependant (PG) CHD at Prince Sultan Cardiac Center-Qassim during a 43 months period (from May 2007 to December 2010).Results: During the study period 104 patients were diagnosed to have PG dependant CHD. Patients with PG dependant systemic circulation constitute 60% of patients. Patients with ventricular septal defect (VSD) associated with coarctation of the aorta constituted 16% of patients. The mean waiting time for transfer to a tertiary cardiac center was 10 ± 10 days. Twenty-two (21%) patients died while waiting for acceptance and transfer. Eleven patients were diagnosed with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS). There was no significant difference in the waiting time for those with or without HLHS, with a mean of 9 days for both. Six of our patients had infections with positive blood cultures. The mean waiting period for those with proved infection was 25 days compared with 8 days for those with no proved infection (p value < 0.005).Conclusion: There are a significant number of patients with severe CHD who die while waiting for acceptance and transfer to a tertiary cardiac center. The causes for delay could be the presence of infection, prematurity and low birth weight. The limited numbers of tertiary cardiac centers in Saudi Arabia as well as cardiac ICU beds are among the factors delaying the acceptance of patients requiring cardiac surgery.     

Cardiac resynchronization therapy in an infant with double outlet right ventricle and mechanical dyssynchrony

Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is commonly used in adults with heart failure, poor left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and wide QRS complex. CRT has rarely been applied in young patients. We report the case of a 10-month-old infant with congenital heart disease, postsurgical complete atrioventricular block, and severe refractory heart failure. The patient showed a significant clinical improvement and was withdrawn from the heart transplant list 2 months after epicardially established CRT.     

Evolving electroanatomic substrate and intra-atrial reentrant tachycardia late after Fontan surgery

Atrial Remodeling After the Fontan Operation. Introduction: The prevalence of intra‐atrial reentrant tachycardia (IART) increases with age in Fontan patients. This study aimed to characterize the atrial electroanatomic substrate for IART late after Fontan surgery. Methods and Results: Detailed electroanatomic mapping of the right atrium (RA) was performed in 11 consecutive patients (33 ± 9 years) with older style Fontan circulation (atriopulmonary and atrioventricular connection) who underwent their first radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) for IART. A comparative group of 30 non‐Fontan congenital heart disease (CHD) patients were also studied. Fontan patients had larger RA (P = 0.004), larger low‐voltage area ≤0.5 mV (P = 0.01), and more fractionated potentials (P < 0.001) than non‐Fontan CHD patients. RA enlargement correlated significantly with both low‐voltage zones (Spearman ρ= 0.68, P < 0.001) and fractionated potentials (Spearman ρ= 0.48, P = 0.001). Among Fontan patients, both age and time since Fontan surgery were significantly correlated to the amount of low‐voltage areas (Spearman ρ= 0.87, P < 0.001; Spearman ρ= 0.63, P = 0.04, respectively). Successful RFCA was accomplished in 30 (73%) patients and was less likely in Fontan patients (54% vs 83%, P = 0.04). Larger RA was significantly associated with a lower success rate (P = 0.04). During a follow‐up duration of 2.3 ± 1.6 years, IART recurred in 47% of patients. Larger RA size and larger low‐voltage areas predicted IART recurrence after RFCA. Conclusion: Fontan patients demonstrate progressive adverse atrial electrical remodeling with increasing age and time since surgery. Newer strategies beyond surgical incisions, such as pharmacotherapies that retard the progression of atrial fibrosis, may be required to reduce the long‐term risk of atrial arrhythmias.