Effect of the cross-linking agent and drying method on encapsulation efficiency of orange essential oil by complex coacervation using whey protein isolate with different polysaccharides

Orange essential oil was microencapsulated by complex coacervation with whey protein isolate (WPI): carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), WPI:sodium alginate (SA) and WPI:chitosan (CH). Effect of pH, protein:polysaccharide ratio and solid concentration on coacervation efficiency were selected for the best coacervation conditions. Tannic acid (TA), sodium tripolyphosphate, oxidised tannic acid and transglutaminase enzyme (TG) were used as cross-linking agents. Highest encapsulation efficiency (EE) for wet coacervated microcapsules ranged from 88% to 94%. Microcapsules were freeze and spray dried to evaluate their effect on its integrity. EE was higher than 80% in freeze dried coacervated microcapsules with and without cross-linking agent, but they formed a solid cake. Spray-dried samples formed a free fluid solid (10–20?µm), where the systems WPI:CMC and WPI:CH cross-linked with TA and TG, respectively showed the highest EE (47% and 50% respectively), representing 400% improvement compared to the samples without cross-linking.     

止痛顺气胶囊的薄层色谱鉴别简

目的建立止痛顺气胶囊的薄层色谱鉴别方法。方法采用薄层色谱法对处方中的黄柏、陈皮、肉桂进行定性鉴别。结果薄层色谱法可鉴别出处方中的黄柏、陈皮、肉桂。结论该方法专属性强、重现性好,可用于止痛顺气胶囊的质量控制。     

Urinary cytology with acridine orange fluorescence is highly valuable for predicting high-grade upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma

Objectives: To evaluate the clinical value of acridine orange fluorescent staining in urinary cytology for the diagnosis of upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma. Methods and materials: A retrospective analysis was conducted with 510 cases of upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) in terms of the results of acridine orange fluorescence (AO-F) staining of the exfoliated cells in urine. The percentage of positive AO-F result and the positive predictive value of AO-F for high-grade and muscle invasive urothelial carcinoma were calculated and analyzed in terms of clinical characteristics. Results: The overall percentage of positive AO-F result was 49% in the 510 patients, 54.1% for males and 40.6% for females. AO-F was positive in 51.9% of the patients with hematuria and 36.2% of the patients without hematuria. AO-F was positive in 56.4% of the patients with renal pelvis carcinoma and 42.8% of the patients with ureteral cancer; in 44.6% of the patients with non-muscle invasive carcinoma and 53.5% of the patients with muscle-invasive carcinoma. AO-F was positive in 26.8% of the cases with low-grade carcinoma and 55.3% of the patients with high-grade carcinoma. The positive predictive value of AO-F was 88% for high-grade cancer, and only 53.6% for muscle invasive carcinoma. Conclusions: Acridine orange fluorescence microscopy cannot increase the sensitivity of urine exfoliative cytology in the diagnosis of UTUC. It may be used as a predictor of high-grade UTUC. Acridine orange fluorescence microscopy in urinary cytodiagnosis does not show high value in predicting muscle invasive UTUC.     

Anti-clastogenic effect of magnolol on benzo(a)pyrene-induced clastogenicity in mice.

It was previously reported that magnolol strongly inhibited the mutagenicity induced by the indirect mutagens [benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P), 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ), 2-aminodipyrido[1,2-a:3',2'-d]imidazole (Glu-P-2), 2-aminoanthracene (2AA), and 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)] in Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 in the Ames test, and that the mechanism of this anti-mutagenic effect may involve the inhibition of the metabolic activation of indirect mutagen enzymes. In this study, the in vivo anti-clastogenic effect of magnolol against clastogenicity induced by B(a)P was evaluated using the micronucleus test in mice. Animals were treated with an oral administration of magnolol (1, 10, and 100 mg/kg) at -24, 0, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h before a single intraperitoneal injection of B(a)P. Peripheral blood specimens were prepared 48 h after administration of B(a)P, and analyzed by the acridine orange (AO) technique. The results indicated that magnolol inhibited clastogenicity induced by B(a)P at various administration times. In order to elucidate the mechanism behind this effect, we measured the activity of the detoxifying enzymes [UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST)] and antioxidative enzymes [superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase] in the liver when treated with an oral administration of magnolol at various administration times. Its effect on clastogenicity created by exposure to oxidative DNA damage-inducing X-ray irradiation was also evaluated using the micronucleus test in mice. Results showed that magnolol increased the activity of both UGT and SOD enzymes, and also inhibited the clastogenicity induced by X-ray irradiation. Magnolol had an anti-clastogenic effect on B(a)P in the micronucleus test as well as an anti-mutagenic effect on indirect mutagens in the Ames test. The anti-clastogenic effect of magnolol was also suggested by the increases in UGT and SOD enzyme activity, and by the attenuation of oxidative damage induced by X-ray irradiation.     

高效液相色谱法测定陈皮多甲氧基黄酮部位中3种黄酮的含量

目的:建立陈皮多甲氧基黄酮部位中3,5,6,7,8,3′,4′-七甲氧基黄酮、川陈皮素和 Natusdaidai 的高效液相色谱含量测定方法,并测定检测波长下各成分的响应因子,建立以3,5,6,7,8,3′,4′-七甲氧基黄酮为单指标测定3种多甲氧基黄酮总含量的方法。方法:采用 Kromasil C_(18)(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)色谱柱,流动相为乙腈-0.2%醋酸溶液(1:1);流速为1 mL·min~(-1),柱温为25℃,检测波长347 nm。结果:3,5,6,7,8,3′,4′-七甲氧基黄酮、川陈皮素、Natusdaidai 的线性范围分别为0.0732～0.732,0.0654～0.654,0.07～0.700μg,相关系数均为0.9999。加样回收率(n=5)分别为97.80%,96.71%,98.52%;RSD 分别为1.9%,1.2%,2.1%。3,5,6,7,8,3′,4′-七甲氧基黄酮、川陈皮素和 Natusdaidai 的响应因子(RF 值)分别为3283.6,3331.8,2503.4。结论:该方法简便、准确,可用于陈皮多甲氧基黄酮部位中3,5,6,7,8,3′,4′-七甲氧基黄酮等3种成分的含量测定。     

HPLC测定橘叶中橙皮苷的含量

目的:建立高效液相色谱法测定橘叶中橙皮苷含量的方法。方法:采用高效液相色谱法,色谱柱为kromasilC18(4.6mm×250mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇—醋酸(36%)—水(38∶2∶60),检测波长为283nm。结果:橙皮苷检测浓度在(0.05～0.5)mg/mL范围内线性关系良好(r=0.9995),平均加样回收率为96.6%,RSD=1.9%(n=5)。结论:本方法简便、灵敏、准确,可用于橘叶的质量控制。     

橙汁对他林洛尔药代动力学的影响

目的：观察橙汁是否影响P糖蛋白（PGP）底物他林洛尔药代动力学特征。方法：试验采用随机双交叉设计。12名男性健康受试者参加本项研究。第一阶段受试者分别给予橙汁或纯净水200mL每天3次，连续3d，d4上午空腹给予橙汁或纯净水，同时口服100哗他林洛尔片剂，连续采取血样拿36h，经过7d洗脱，进入第二阶段。采用高效液相色谱分析方法检测所有血样药物浓度。计算并比较主要药动学参数。结果：对照组和橙汁组他林洛尔峰浓度Cmax分别为（317±119）ng／mL和（166±44）ng/mL，实验组相比下降47．6％；0～36h药时曲线下面积AUC分别为（2456±1048）ng·mL^-1·h与（1783±494）ng·mL^-1·h，同比AUC减少27％。此外，饮用橙汁使他林洛尔达峰时间显著推迟，分别为2．5h（1．5～4h）和4h（2．5～6h）。半衰期组间无统计学差异（P〉0．05）。结论：橙汁显著影响了他林洛尔口服肠道药物吸收，降低了峰浓度以及生物利用度。临床用药时应避免橙汁与他林洛尔发生相互作用。     

Experimental solid tumour activity ofN-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-acridine-4-carboxamide

N-[2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl]acridine-4-carboxamide (DACA), a DNA intercalator that exerts its antitumour action through the enzyme topoisomerase II, has previously been shown to be curative against the transplantable Lewis lung adenocarcinoma growing as lung tumour nodules in mice. On the basis of this finding as well as its high in vitro activity against multidrug-resistant cell lines, DACA has been chosen for clinical trial under the auspices of the Cancer Research Campaign, United Kingdom. In the present study the activity of DACA was assessed against advanced (5-mm diameter) s.c. colon 38 adenocarcinomas in BDF₁ mice using tumour-growth delay as an end point. Its activity was found to be related positively to the total dose given and negatively to the total duration of the dose schedule. Adoption of a split-dose i.p. administration schedule or slow i.v. infusion allowed the administration of large doses without toxicity. The activity of DACA was comparable with that of 5-fluorouracil and superior to that of doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide and the experimental amsacrine analogue CI-921. Mitoxantrone, amsacrine, etoposide, teniposide and daunorubicin showed minimal activity. DACA also demonstrated significant activity against the NZM3 melanoma human cell line growing as a xenograft in athymic mice.     

Simple tests in amniotic fluid for evaluation of gestational age

Amniotic fluid was collected from 105 pregnant mothers without any obstertrical or medical complications between 13–41 weeks of gestation. Simple tests viz. Nile blue sulphate test for cytology and shake test were performed in 92 cases. The study has revealed that more than 20 percent of orange cells were found above 36 weeks of gestation in most of the cases (92%) and the cells were in clusters. The shake test positive results increased with the increasing gestational age and were seen in majority of cases (82.5%) above 36 weeks of pregnancy. The cell was found to be a better parameter as compared to shake test. However, based on the results of study both the tests are recommended for routine use in ward side laboratories.