超声诊断宫腔粘连临床应用进展

宫腔粘连(IUA)是妇科常见病,严重危害女性健康。超声可清晰显示子宫内膜、宫腔形态及血流变化,为IUA诊断和治疗提供直观影像学依据。本文对超声在IUA中的应用进展进行综述。     

超声引导下多点注射抗生素治疗射频消融术后子宫感染

目的 观察超声引导下多点注射抗生素治疗射频消融术后子宫感染的疗效。方法 回顾性分析5例子宫肌瘤射频消融术后并发子宫感染并经超声引导下多点注射抗生素治疗患者,观察其疗效。结果 5例均顺利完成超声引导下多点注射抗生素,未出现相关并发症。5例中,3例治愈;1例好转,经静脉滴注抗生素1周后治愈;1例首次治疗无效,经再次治疗后治愈。治疗后7天,子宫体积显著小于治疗前（t=4.939,P<0.05）。结论 超声引导下多点注射抗生素治疗射频消融术后子宫感染安全、有效。     

Peliosis lienalis with atraumatic splenic rupture in a patient with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia: A case report

IntroductionAtraumatic splenic rupture is a rare but life-threatening condition which may be associated with hematological malignancies.Presentation of caseWe present the case of a 63-year-old male patient with a history of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia and sarcoidosis under therapy with prednisone, who suffered an atraumatic splenic rupture with hemodynamic instability. He was managed with proximal splenic artery embolization and secondary open splenectomy. On pathology the diagnosis of peliosis lienalis was established.DiscussionPeliosis is a rare pathological entity, which presents with multiple blood-filled cavities within parenchymatous organs and is of unknown etiology and pathogenesis. In retrospect a rapid increase in splenomegaly and inhomogeneous parenchyma of the spleen on sonography was realized.ConclusionSonographic changes in size and parenchyma of the spleen in patients with hematological malignancies might help suspecting peliosis lienalis with impending splenic rupture and could alter clinical management towards a prophylactic splenectomy.     

A multi-institutional survey of the quality of life after treatment for uterine cervical cancer: a comparison between radical radiotherapy and surgery in Japan

This study aimed to research the post-treatment quality of life (QOL) between radiotherapy (RT)- and operation (OP)-treated early cervical cancer survivors, using separate questionnaires for physicians and patients. We administered an observational questionnaire to patients aged 20–70 years old with Stages IB1–IIB cervical cancer who had undergone RT or OP and without recurrence as outpatients for ≥6 months after treatment. We divided 100 registered patients equally into two treatment groups (n = 50 each). The average age was 53 and 44 years in the RT and OP groups, respectively. The RT group included 34 and 66% Stage I and II patients, respectively, whereas the OP group included 66 and 34% Stage I and II patients, respectively. The OP group included 58% of patients with postoperative RT. Combination chemotherapy was performed in 84 and 48% of patients in the RT and OP groups, respectively. On the physicians’ questionnaire, we observed significant differences in bone marrow suppression (RT) and leg edema (OP). On the patients’ questionnaire, significantly more patients had dysuria and leg edema in the OP group than in the RT group, and severe (Score 4–5) leg edema was significantly higher in the post-operative RT group than in the OP only group. The frequency of sexual intercourse decreased after treatment in both groups. On the patients’ questionnaire, there were no significant differences between the two groups regarding sexual activity. These findings are useful to patients and physicians for shared decision-making in treatment choices. The guidance of everyday life and health information including sexual life after treatment is important.     

妊娠晚期胎膜早破对产妇分娩方式及妊娠结局的影响

目的探讨妊娠晚期胎膜早破对产妇分娩方式及妊娠结局的影响。方法回顾性分析2018年9月至2019年3月医院收治的87例妊娠晚期产妇的临床资料,将体感不适但无胎膜早破的43例产妇设为对照组,将胎膜早破的44例产妇设为试验组,统计并比较两组胎方位、分娩方式和不良妊娠结局。结果试验组枕前位发生率低于对照组,枕横位、枕后位发生率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);试验组自然顺产率低于对照组,剖宫产率、阴道助产率均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);试验组产妇及胎儿不良妊娠结局发生率均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论胎膜早破与难产密切相关,不仅增加了胎位异常、剖宫产、阴道助产的发生率,还易引起母婴不良妊娠结局,临床应加强对胎膜早破的产妇监护,及时发现异常并采取有效措施,以降低不良妊娠结局的发生率。     

团块状灰度变化减轻子宫良性疾病聚焦超声消融术中的远场不良反应

目的：评估团块状灰度变化能否减轻子宫良性疾病聚焦超声消融术中的远场不良反应。方法：开展单中心回顾性临床观察研究,纳入重庆医科大学附属第二医院行聚焦超声消融术的40例子宫良性疾病。比较团块状灰度变化出现前后,在相同能量水平（最小不可耐受能量）下,术中即刻骶尾部或臀部疼痛、放射痛、会阴部痛、肛门胀痛的发生率及不良反应程度。结果：在相同能量水平（最小不可耐受能量）下,团块状灰度变化出现后术中即刻骶尾部或臀部疼痛、放射痛、会阴部痛、肛门胀痛的发生率及不良反应程度明显低于团块状灰度变化出现前（P<0.05）。结论：团块状灰度变化能减轻子宫良性疾病聚焦超声消融术中的远场不良反应。     

Diagnosis and treatment of bronchial rupture from blunt thoracic trauma

目的　探讨外伤性支气管断裂的诊断与治疗。方法　回顾性分析 196 9年 6月— 1999年 6月我院收治的 31例外伤性支气管断裂的患者 ,全部行胸部X线摄片、支气管断层、支气管镜检查。并对其外科治疗和并发症进行探讨。结果　通过支气管断层、支气管镜检查全部得到明确诊断。 2 6例施行端端吻合术 ,4例施行全肺切除术 ,1例用带血管蒂的肋间肌、肋骨瓣修补破裂成功。 1例术后死于呼吸困难综合症 ,其余 30例效果满意。本给 81% (2 5 31)为延迟诊断与治疗。典型临床表现有 :皮下气肿、呼吸困难、伤后昏迷间期。X线表现 :纵隔气肿、气胸、萎陷肺下垂症、肺的阴影增宽。结论　支气管镜是最实用、最准确的诊断与治疗方法。术中使用支气管镜可较容易地找到支气管破裂处。术后肺功能恢复良好     

人工破膜对诊断羊水过少的价值

目的 :探讨人工破膜在诊断羊水过少中的意义。方法 :观察组是根据人工破膜时所流出的羊水量判断羊水多少 ;对照组则用同期产前超声检查所见判断羊水多少。以产时所见羊水量作为最终诊断。结果 :人工破膜和超声诊断羊水过少的符合率分别是 79 73 %和 82 76 % ;两者无显著差异 (P >0 0 5 ) ;人工破膜漏诊率 2 84% ,超声是 6 15 % ,两者无显著差异 (P >0 0 5 )。结论 :人工破膜是诊断本病的一种有价值的方法 ,结合超声检查可作为诊断本病的依据     

Study on Relevance of Endothelin to Abnormal Uterine Bleeding Associated with Long-Term Subdermal Implants Use

Objective To investigate the relationship between estradiol, progesterone and endothelin (ET) and abnormal uterine bleeding after using sub-dermal contraceptive implant Materials & methods A prospective self-control clinical trial was conducted in 29 women in the self-control group. Blood samples were obtained on four occasions across the different phases of menstrual cycle before and after using implant. A blood sample was taken for a single determination in another 59 women in the already-use implant group. Plasma of estradiol, progesterone and endothelin were determined by using radioimmunoassays (RIA) in both groups.Results The level of estradiol and progesterone had no significant differences in women before and after using implant in self-control group. The level of estradiol,progesterone had no differences between women with normal and abnormal menstrual cycle in both groups. The levels of plasma endothelin (ET) in women with abnormal bleeding pattern were higher than women with normal bleeding pattern, but difference was not significant. Women with abnormal bleeding pattern had significantly higher ET level than that in women with normal bleeding pattern before using implants,especially in early-proliferative phase and mid-proliferative phase. the level of plasma endothelin was significantly higher in women with disturbed bleeding pattern than that in normal women in the already-use group.Conclusion High serum concentrations of ET are likely to be correlated with abnormal uterine bleeding in long-term subdermal contraceptive implants users.     

当归油对大鼠离体子宫平滑肌收缩功能的影响

当归油（含藁本内酯ｌｉｇｕｓｔｉｌｉｄｅ〉７０％）,ｅｔ １％吐温－８０助溶,无论对正常未孕离体子宫还是对经缩宫素处理的离体子宫,者可剂量依赖性（浴槽终浓度为１ｍｇ／１００ｍＬ～３２ｍｇ／１００ｍＬ）地抑制子宫平滑肌的收缩功能,其性质与妇痛宁滴丸相似,但作用稍强,表明其有抗子宫平滑肌痉挛作用。