Urodynamic effect of acute transcutaneous posterior tibial nerve stimulation in overactive bladder

PURPOSE: Of the various treatments proposed for urge incontinence, frequency and urgency electrostimulation has been widely tested. Different techniques have been used with the necessity of surgical implantation (S3 neuromodulation or sacral root stimulation) or without requiring surgery (perineal transcutaneous electrostimulation). Recently peripheral electrical stimulation of the posterior tibial nerve was proposed for irritative symptoms in first intention or for intractable incontinence. Clinical studies have demonstrated good results and urodynamic parameters were improved after chronic treatment. However, to our knowledge no data concerning acute stimulation and immediate cystometry modifications have been reported. We verified urodynamic changes during acute posterior tibial nerve stimulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 44 consecutive patients with urge incontinence, frequency and urgency secondary to overactive bladder were studied. There were 29 women and 15 men with a mean age +/-SD of 53.3 +/- 18.2 years. Of the patients 37 had detrusor hyperreflexia due to multiple sclerosis (13), spinal cord injury (15) or Parkinson's disease (9), and 7 had idiopathic detrusor instability. Routine cystometry at 50 ml. per minute was done to select the patients with involuntary detrusor contractions appearing before 400 ml. maximum filling volume. Repeat cystometry was performed immediately after the first study during left posterior tibial nerve stimulation using a surface self-adhesive electrode on the ankle skin behind the internal malleolus with shocks in continuous mode at 10 Hz. frequency and 200 milliseconds wide. Volume comparison was done at the first involuntary detrusor contraction and at maximum cystometric capacity. The test was considered positive if volume at the first involuntary detrusor contraction and/or at maximum cystometric capacity increased 100 ml. or 50% during stimulation in compared with standard cystometry volumes. RESULTS: Mean first involuntary detrusor contraction volume on standard cystometry was 162.9 +/- 96.4 ml. and it was 232.1 +/- 115.3 ml. during posterior tibial nerve stimulation. Mean maximum cystometric capacity on standard cystometry was 221 +/- 129.5 ml. and it was 277.4 +/- 117.9 ml. during stimulation. Posterior tibial nerve stimulation was associated with significant improvement in first involuntary detrusor contraction volume (p <0.0001) and significant improvement in maximum cystometric capacity (p <0.0001). The test was considered positive in 22 of the 44 patients. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest an objective acute effect of posterior tibial nerve stimulation on urodynamic parameters. Improved bladder overactivity is an encouraging argument to propose posterior tibial nerve stimulation as a noninvasive treatment modality in clinical practice.     

Impact of rectal distention on the results of evaluations of lower urinary tract sensation

PURPOSE: To our knowledge no systematic studies have been performed in humans to test the interaction of normal bladder and rectal sensory function. However, symptoms affecting the different pelvic viscera often coexist. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 15 healthy female volunteers sensations of bladder filling were evaluated during 2 consecutive cystometric studies, including 1 with an empty rectum and 1 with a full rectum. Similarly the electrical perception threshold was determined in the bladder when the rectum was empty and again when the rectum was full. RESULTS: Rectal distention did not change bladder compliance during filling. When the rectum was distended, sensations of bladder filling were reported at smaller volumes. On the other hand, electrical perception thresholds in the bladder were higher when the rectum was full. CONCLUSIONS: The state of the rectum significantly influences the sensations of bladder filling and electrical bladder stimulation. These results show that before sensory testing of the bladder rectal fullness should be examined and if necessary the rectum should be emptied. The different effect of rectal distention on filling and electrical sensations represents an additional argument for different innervation of the 2 sensations in the lower urinary tract.     

Influence of bladder outlet obstruction and detrusor contractility on residual urine in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia

Itwasthoughtthatresidualurinehadsignificantinfluencesontheevaluationoftheconditionsofthepatientswithbenignprostatichyerplasia (BPH)andthechoiceoftreatment However,differentfindingshavebeenreportedrecently 1　Inthepresentstudy ,urodynamictechniqueswereusedtomeasureresidualurinein 1 81 patientswithBPHwhohadsufferedfromdifferentdegreeofbladderoutletobstruction (BOO) METHODSPatientsOnehundredandeighty oneBPH patients,aged 5 0 -88years,admittedtoDepartmentofUrology ,ChaoyangHospital,Chin…     

不同分娩方式产妇产后早期尿动力学测定

目的:初步探讨不同分娩方式对产后妇女近期下尿路功能的影响.方法:按照世界尿控协会推荐尿动力学标准检查方法对29例初产妇剖宫产后志愿者(AD组)和19例初产妇阴道分娩产后志愿者(VD组)在分娩后3～5 d内进行尿动力学检查.以14例因上尿路疾病检查而下尿路功能正常的已婚未育妇女作对照.结果:AD组和VD组功能性膀胱容量、正常尿意膀胱压测定容量均低于对照组(P＜0.05),最大尿道压和最大尿道闭合压均高于对照组(P＜0.05),排尿后收缩发生率亦高于对照组(P＜0.05).AD组最大尿道压和最大尿道闭合压高于VD组(P＜0.05),但AD组与VD组的AG值和尿道阻力因子(URA)均提示不存在膀胱出口梗阻.其余相关指标3组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:孕妇产后近期内多表现为膀胱感觉敏感,功能性膀胱容量下降,且尿道静态阻力增加,但膀胱排空能力无明显变化;阴道分娩产妇产后近期内尿道功能较好;2种分娩方式对产后膀胱功能的影响差异不大.     

经尿道前列腺电切术后尿频原因分析

目的分析经尿道前列腺电切术（transurethral resection of the prostate，TURP）后尿频的原因，为临床诊治疗提供参考。方法84例以尿频为主要症状就诊的前列腺增生症（BPH）行TURP术后1个月的患者，采用尿常规、尿道膀胱镜、尿流动力学等检查手段，查找其术后尿频的原因，并根据具体原因采取治疗，随访至尿频症状消失。结果手术可有效解除BPH患者膀胱出口梗阻，部分患者因术后相关并发症使尿频改善不理想，其中单纯泌尿系感染22例（26．2％），尿道外口狭窄9例（10．7％），尿道狭窄12例（14．3％），逼尿肌不稳定29例（34．5％），膀胱颈纤维化3例（3．6％），不明原因尿频9例（10．7％）。根据病因采取相应的治疗措施，能获得较为理想的效果。结论TURP术后尿频的原因是多方面的，术前需向患者交代清楚；诊治过程中应该加以全面考虑，对因治疗是关键。     

Developing and validating a new nomogram for diagnosing bladder outlet obstruction in women

Objective

To develop and validate a nomogram for assessing bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) in women derived from concurrent P_det.Qmax and Q_max based on radiographic evidence of increased urethral resistance.

Patients and Methods

Retrospective analysis of prospectively acquired video‐urodynamics and clinical data of 185 women (development cohort) was performed. The P_det.Qmax were plotted against Q_max and cluster analysis was performed to determine an axis that best divided the definitively obstructed and unobstructed. Using data from a further 350 women (validation cohort), the sensitivity and specificity of the derived criterion was calculated. Finally, the data from both groups was pooled together and using binary logistic regression analysis, a nomogram was produced.

Results

Of the 535 patients in the two cohorts, (122 [22.8%]) demonstrated radiographic evidence of BOO. Cluster analysis identified the axis that best separates the radiographically obstructed and unobstructed as P_det.Qmax = 2*Q_max. Using the data from the validation cohort, the sensitivity and specificity for this was calculated as 0.94 and 0.93, respectively. A nomogram, representing the probability of BOO for concurrent P_det.Qmax and Q_max measurements was derived by pooling data from both cohorts. Alternatively, a female BOO index (BOOIf) may be calculated mathematically using the formula BOOIf = P_det.Qmax ? 2.2*Q_{max, that is,} BOOIf < 0, <10% probability of obstruction, BOOIf > 5 likely obstructed (50%) and If BOOIf > 18, obstruction almost certain (>90%).

Conclusion

A female BOO nomogram (the SG nomogram) with high sensitivity and specificity is proposed. The nomogram can be used to stratify the degree of BOO or assess response to treatment.     

成年女性绝经前后发生的压力性尿失禁尿动力学比较

目的探讨在绝经前后发生压力性尿失禁的成年女性患者的不同尿动力学特点。方法对140例经临床确诊的成年女性压力性尿失禁患者(未绝经组71例、绝经组69例)行充盈性膀胱压力测定(FCM)、腹压漏尿点压测定(ALPP)以及尿道压力图测定,比较绝经前后的尿动力学参数和特点。结果未绝经组和绝经组ALPP值分别为(80±28)cmH2O和(64±27)cmH2O(P<0.01);未绝经组有15例(21.2%)ALPP<60cmH2O,而绝经组为26例(37.7%)(P<0.05);未绝经组有21例ALPP>90cmH2O,绝经组为8例(P<0.05)。未绝经组的最大尿道压(MUP)、最大尿道关闭压(MUCP)、控制面积(CA)与绝经组相比有显著性差异(P<0.05);而两组间的功能尿道长度(FUL)、控制带长(CZL)无显著性差异(P>0.05)。未绝经组和绝经组分别有5例(7%)和19例(27.5%)合并不稳定膀胱,两者有非常显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论绝经前后发生的女性真性压力性尿失禁有不同的尿动力学特点,在发生机制上可能存在差异。