微量尿和血清样品中氟的测定方法研究

本研究利用改进的氟测定方法，测定尿和血清样品中氟离子的含量。结果表明，该方法样品用且少，线性响应范围、精密度、回收率和重现性等指标均符合方法学的要求，与常规法比较，显示测定结果间无显著性差异。可广泛使用于要求高、样品量少的生物材料氟检测。     

Influence of an acidic beverage (Coca-Cola) on the absorption of itraconazole

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of Coca-Cola in enhancing the absorption of itraconazole. Methods: Eight healthy volunteers were randomized to receive two treatment sequences in a two-way crossover design with a 1-week wash-out period separating each study treatment. Treatment I, the control, consisted of 100 mg itraconazole with 325 ml water. Treatment II was identical to treatment I, except that itraconazole was administered with 325 ml of Coca-Cola (pH 2.5). Results: Serum itraconazole concentrations, after administration with Coca-Cola (treatment II), were higher than after administration with water (treatment I). The mean AUC was 1.12 vs 2.02 μg · h · ml⁻¹, the mean C_max was 0.14 vs 0.31 μg · ml⁻¹and the mean t_max was 2.56 vs 3.38 h in treatments I and II, respectively. Conclusion: The absorption of itraconazole can be enhanced by Coca-Cola. Received: 4 November 1996 / Accepted in revised form: 21 January 1997     

Michaelis—Menten兼有一级消除动力学模型平均稳态时的一些特性

本文将Rowland等人的二房室模型中的消除过程扩展成米氏兼一级消除过程。据此,推导出达到稳态浓度的时间、血药浓度-时间曲线下面积和生物利用度的公式;进而得到平均清除率和剂量间的关系以及剂量与平均清除率和血浆浓度呈线性关系的结论。     

用β－CD单分子胶束荧光技术监测秦艽中龙胆苦甙血药浓度

本文使用β－ＣＤ单分于胶束荧光技术，对甘肃道地药材秦艽中龙胆苦甙在免血中吸收代谢，进行了２４ｈ监测绘制药时曲线，效果良好．     

Mono- or Polypharmacotherapy in Institutionalized Epileptic Children with Severe Mental Retardation?

ABSTRACT. Nine severely mentally retarded patients with severe epilepsy who were living in an institution were studied during a three-year period by a multi-disciplinary team. A seizure rate serum level chart was made for each patient. It served as the basis for monthly discussions in the team about medication changes. Drug plasma concentrations were monitored monthly. Statistical comparisons between seizure frequency on different drug regimens were made by χ² test. Withdrawal of all medication was possible in one case and reduction to monotherapy in two cases. In the remainder of the patients a combination of two or three anticonvulsants gave the best clinical effect. We thus found polypharmacotherapy necessary for some severely retarded patients with epilepsy. Our multidisciplinary approach and chart monitoring system has many advantages and is valuable for the medical care and drug treatment of this patient category.     

The estimation of the plasma free fraction of cyclosporine in rabbits and heart transplant patients: The application of a physiological model of renal clearance

We estimated the free fraction (f_u) of cyclosporine (CyA) in the plasma from concentrations of CyA in urine (C_u) and plasma (C_p), urine flow rate (UF), and glomerular filtration rate in rabbits and in heart transplant patients. Following intravenous administration of CyA (5–30 mg kg^?1) in ten NZW rabbits and oral administration of CyA (4.8–12.1 mg kg^?1) in nine heart transplant patients, CyA concentrations in urine and plasma were measured by HPLC. The ratios of C_u to C_p and UF data were fitted to a physiological model of renal clearance using NONMEM. The free fraction of cyclosporine in the rabbits and the heart transplant patients was 0.0122 and 0.14, respectively. Because of the relatively low permeability of CyA across the tubular epithelium, no apparent equilibrium between C_u and C_p at any urine flow rate was reached and, therefore, the C_u to C_p ratio will not be equal to f_u.     

车间空气中石棉纤维卫生标准的研制

在上海、苏州、北京及四川的石棉厂矿进行了长期的职业流行病学调查，分别取得各厂矿石棉尘重量浓度与石棉纤维计数浓度的换算关系，进而计算各厂矿工人接触石棉计数剂量与石棉肺发病的剂量－反应关系，并按工人平均接尘３５年计，推算出将患病率控制在１％时的容许浓度。上海和苏州两厂调查中，工人接尘浓度已计算成时间加权平均浓度；北京和四川二厂矿则用瞬时浓度。据此制订的车间空气中石棉纤维卫生标准为：最高容许浓度１．５ｆ     

哺乳妇女单次注射迪波盖司通~长效避孕针后血清和乳液中MPA浓度变化

目的:探讨中国妇女哺乳期使用迪波盖司通后血清和乳液醋酸甲羟孕酮(MPA)浓度变化。方法:10名产后哺乳妇女单次注射迪波盖司通(含MPA150mg),在注射后的第1、2、4、6、8、10和12周采集血样和乳液样本,用放射免疫方法测定MPA。结果:血清MPA浓度于注射后第1周最高,到第2、4周时下降明显,第4周后浓度下降趋势逐渐缓慢。乳液MPA浓度在第1周为最高,第2周比第1周降低了约1/2,之后10周平均浓度变化波动在5.09-8.15ng/ml之间。观察期间乳液/血清MPA浓度比值和曲线下浓度面积比值均为0.55。对象之间和同一对象不同时间点乳液/血清MPA浓度存在明显个体差异。结论:哺乳期使用迪波盖司通,将导致血液和乳液中含有一定量的MPA。     

大气细菌粒子浓度的时间分布特征及最佳采样时间的研究

用ＭＦ－４５型和ＨＴＫ－２０１型空气微生物采样器分别在北京、天津和沈阳三地观测了不同季节和一天中大气细菌粒子的浓度及其变化。结果表明：京、津二地春季大气细菌粒子浓度高，分别为２０５３个／ｍ３和２５５６个／ｍ３；夏季低，分别为９９５个／ｍ３和１０６４个／ｍ３。沈阳秋季大气细菌粒子浓度高，为１０１０８个／ｍ３；冬季低，为１２９４个／ｍ３。一天中，大气细菌粒子浓度呈双峰型变化，６：００～７：００和１８：００时大气细菌粒子浓度高，１１：００～１３：００和１：００～２：００时大气细菌粒子浓度低。根据大气细菌粒子浓度的季节变化和一天中大气细菌粒子浓度的时间分布特征，经过京、津、沈三地一天中分别１２次、８次、６次和４次不同采样时间组合的大气细菌粒子浓度的数理统计分析，大气细菌粒子浓度的监测拟集中在一年冬、春、夏、秋四季的中间月份，即１月、４月、７月、１０月进行；一天中采样８次的时间序列可为７：００、１０：００、１３：００、１６：００、１９：００、２２：００、１：００、４：００一天采样４次的时间序列可为５：００、１１：００、１７：００、２３：００。白天采样４次的时间序列可为春、秋季６：００、９：００、１２：００、１５：００?     

RP—HPLC测定人血浆中洛伐他汀浓度及药动学研究

用ＲＰ－ＨＰＬＣ测定人血浆中洛伐他汀浓度。以甲醇－水（８３∶１７，Ｖ／Ｖ）为流动相，色谱柱采用ＨＹＰＥＲＳＩＬＢＤＳ－Ｃ１８（５μｍ）不锈钢柱，紫外２３７ｎｍ波长检测。血浆样品经环己烷－异丙醇（９５∶５）萃取浓缩后进样测定。洛伐他汀浓度在２．５～８０ｎｇ／ｍｌ范围内线性良好，ｒ＝０．９９６８。测定含洛伐他汀２０．０ｎｇ／ｍｌ的血浆样品，其日内（ｎ＝７）及日间（ｎ＝７）的ＲＳＤ分别为９．８％和８．５％。回收率平均为（１０１．３±５．５）％。测定了１０名健康志愿者单次ｐｏ洛伐他汀片剂８０ｍｇ后不同时间的血药浓度，计算了相应的药动学参数。