Interactive graphics in the analysis of neuronal spike train data

This paper describes an interactive graphics system developed to facilitate the investigation of complex relationships between experimental and theoretical data in the neurosciences. Graphics affords unique insights into data structure and model properties which are difficult to obtain using other computational media. The data under analysis consists of trains of spike-like electrical activity recorded from single nerve cells. The complete data base is organized into modular subunits to allow flexible and rapid positioning on data of interest. The graphics system was developed utilizing three available computers, an IMLAC $\text{PDS}\text{1D}$, an IBM $\text{360}\text{91}$, and a DEC $\text{PDP}\text{12}$. The IMLAC is the focal point of system interaction and is used to control the other two computers. There is a data path between the IBM $\text{360}\text{91}$ and the $\text{PDP}\text{12}$ through the IMLAC. The $\text{PDP}\text{12}$ collects, edits, and transmits the experimental data to the auxiliary storage of the IBM $\text{360}\text{91}$. The IBM $\text{360}\text{91}$ is a host for a FORTRAN graphics program using IMGRAF subroutines. The user, at the IMLAC, controls the flow of the graphics program at the IBM $\text{360}\text{91}$ as well as the data transmission from the $\text{PDP}\text{12}$. Using appropriate commands, new data can be acquired from the $\text{PDP}\text{12}$, analyzed immediately, and the results displayed on the screen. The interactive graphics program is structured as a resident executive with a number of phases available for overlay at execution. The major phases include data base generation, modeling, optimization, data processing and validation.     

Temporal strategy for discriminating noxious from non-noxious electrical stimuli by cortical and thalamic neural ensembles in rats

Considerable evidence supports that pain is encoded in a large, widespread network that consists of the thalamus, cortex, as well as limbic system. However, the temporal properties of the neural matrix in pain processing were largely unknown. In the present study, we simultaneously recorded thalamic and cortical neuronal discharges elicited by brief noxious or innocuous electrical stimulus in awake rats. The discrimination performance of the neural ensembles in differentiating noxious from innocuous inputs was calculated using different window sizes at the millisecond and second level, respectively. The results demonstrated that coding information emerged in a quantum-like manner; the minimum spike-train length for discriminating noxious from innocuous inputs was 40 ms. The nociceptive coding activity was temporally dynamic, and could be preserved for a relatively long time (3–4 s) within the thalamocortical loops, independent of the initial brief stimuli. These results suggest that the nociceptive signals may be reverberatory within the thalamocortical loops, hence keeping the neurosignature for central pain representation.     

经颅短串电刺激运动诱发电位的临床应用

目的探讨在常用麻醉方案下采用经颅短串电刺激技术获得运动诱发电位(MEP),从而实现运动传导通路的术中监护的可行性.方法随机选择华山医院神经外科自2002年6月至2003年1月共40例无明显肢体肌力减退的手术患者,给予异丙酚全静脉麻醉,采用经颅短串电刺激技术(刺激参数:30～100 mA;单个脉冲波宽:100～500 μs;脉冲波间隔时间:1.25～5 ms;每串所含脉冲波个数:2～5个/串)诱发运动诱发电位,记录对侧上肢前臂屈肌群,拇短展肌和小指展肌所获电位的波幅和潜伏期,考察各刺激参数对所获电位的影响及其最佳组合.结果在94.6%的患者中,采用80～100 mA,500 μs,2 ms,4个/串的刺激参数组合能获得波幅和潜伏期均满意的MEP.结论选用异丙酚全静脉麻醉,配合使用经颅短串电刺激技术可以获得MEP,有望实现对运动传导通路的术中监护.     

卫勤列车医技保障单元快速展开流程探讨

针对卫勤列车编组中医技保障单元的展开流程，进行了人车实训演练和探讨，编制出《卫勤列车物资装卸工作手册》，提出了“装备定型，装卸定人，固定定位，操作定序”的快速展开步骤、方法和流程，有力保障了卫勤列车医疗救治工作的开展，为医技保障单元的快速展开提供了可行性。     

铁路旅客列车德国小蠊抗药性调查

目的了解和掌握铁路旅客列车上德国小蠊抗性的发生，为合理使用杀虫剂和克服抗性提供参考依据。方法药膜接触法测定抗药性。结果不同地区铁路旅客列车上德国小蠊对3种杀虫剂的抗性水平：高效氯氰菊酯（2．10～3．65）〉溴氰菊酯（1．85～2．87）〉残杀威（1．25～1．60）。结论铁路旅客列车是一个特殊的人群集聚场所，其特点是流动性大，掌握铁路旅客列车上蟑螂对不同杀虫药剂抗性水平的准确资料，有利于制定铁路旅客列车蟑螂综合防治的方案。     

医疗装备在卫勤列车中固定方法的探讨

在设计和改装适应现代实战要求的卫生勤务列车中，各种医疗救治工作所需的仪器装备在列车上的固定方法是值得思考和探讨的问题。本文提出了一些医疗装备在卫勤列车中的固定方法，以供参考。     

生物杀虫剂对不同车型旅客列车德国小蠊现场灭效研究

目的了解生物杀虫剂对旅客列车德国小蠊的现场杀灭效果。方法在旅客列车上施用生物杀虫剂,用粘贴法测定灭蟑前后的蟑密度。结果灭蟑前后的蟑密度有显著性差异。结论生物杀虫剂对旅客列车的各种车型的德国小蠊有较好的杀灭效果。     

Characteristics of adaptation of muscle stretch receptors of dynamic type

Experiments on cats with a de-efferented triceps surae muscle showed that some stretch receptors of dynamic type adapt quickly within the first few seconds after stretching of the muscle and its keeping at the new length, whereas other receptors reveal two components of adaptation — fast and slow. Units with different types of adaptation are found in the same muscle; their afferents belong mainly to group I, although there is a zone of overlapping with group II afferents. These differences are manifested at high values of initial stretching of the muscle. It is suggested that the slow component of adaptation is based on a mechanical factor depending on the visco-elastic properties of the tissues in the region of the sensory nerve endings.Translated from Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal SSSR imeni I. M. Sechenova, Vol. 63, No. 11, pp. 1545–1552, November, 1977.     

三维快速牵引治疗腰椎间盘突出症100例临床观察

目的为观察三维快速牵引治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床疗效。方法入院后第3天采用三维快速牵引治疗。各参数由微机控制。结果快速三维牵引治疗腰椎间盘突出症总有效率达93.00％。结论三维快速牵引治疗腰椎间盘突出症不仅安全有效,而且病程越短疗效越好。     

旅客列车不同剂型灭蟑药物的药效及成本效益分析

目的：探讨旅客列车蜚蠊侵害情况及化学防制效果,筛选高效、廉价杀虫剂。方法：用药激法调查蜚蠊密度,再用４种药物杀灭,并比较其成本效益。结果：调查１２列列车,有蜚蠊侵害的占５８．３％。侵害场所包括硬座、软座、硬卧、软卧、餐车,以餐车密度最高。所用气雾剂、喷雾剂、毒饵及烟雾剂４种剂型药物,杀灭率均在９３％以上。结论：列车蜚蠊侵害较为严重,４种剂型药物均有良好灭蟑效果,以毒饵所耗人力、成本最少。