手法整复闭合穿针内固定配合外敷促愈膏治疗尺桡骨骨折

目的:观察尺桡骨骨折采用手法整复,闭合穿针内固定,配合外敷促愈膏的疗效。方法:手法整复,闭合穿针内固定配合外敷促愈膏。结果:治疗不稳定性尺桡骨骨折28例,愈后良好占88.5%。结论:此方法操作简单,创伤小,费用低,疗效好。     

微创治疗肱骨外科颈骨折

自2004年6月至2006年9月,采用微创治疗肱骨外科颈骨折38例,取得满意疗效,现总结如下。     

Bold螺钉治疗腕舟骨骨折

目的探讨Bold螺钉内固定治疗腕舟骨骨折的疗效。方法用Bold螺钉内固定治疗腕舟骨骨折35例，其中新鲜不稳定性腕舟骨骨折21例，腕舟骨骨折不愈合14例。结果35例均获随访，21例新鲜不稳定性腕舟骨骨折术后平均随访（12．1±5．2）个月；腕舟骨骨折不愈合14例术后平均随访（13．6±2．7）个月。骨折全部骨性愈合。采用改良Mayo法对腕关节功能进行评估：优27例，良5例，尚可3例。结论Bold螺钉治疗腕舟骨骨折对骨折端有加压作用，具有固定稳固、可经关节面置入、无需取出等优点。     

胸腰椎爆裂型骨折侧前方减压内固定治疗的技术改进

目的针对侧前方减压内固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂型骨折手术创伤大、失血多、技术要求高等问题进行技术改进，并评价改进后技术的优缺点。方法11例患者采用传统经腹膜外入路即常规程序作为对照组，16例选择采用改良“L”形胸腰联合切口（经第11～12肋胸膜外一腹膜后入路）及改进程序。比较2组间在手术时间、出血量等方面是否存在差异，并观察术中、术后并发症情况。结果27例胸腰椎骨折并截瘫患者手术均获成功。技术改进后术中平均出血量450mL，手术操作时间平均119min，手术切口平均长度17cm．。随访4-13个月，平均9．6个月。术后无截瘫加重，脊柱序列正常，无植骨块塌陷及高度丢失现象，无假关节形成和内固定失败。神经功能获1级以上恢复者达94％。结论该技术改进具有切口短、出血少、手术创伤较轻、降低手术操作难度的优点。     

逆行交锁髓内钉治疗合并桡神经损伤的肱骨干骨折

桡神经损伤是肱骨干中下段骨折最常见的并发症，能否得到及时合理的治疗，是神经功能恢复的关键。2003年10月至2006年12月，对13例合并桡神经损伤的肱骨干骨折患者，采用逆行交锁髓内钉固定治疗骨折，同时行桡神经探查修复，经临床观察，效果满意。     

Femoral head density on CT scans of patients following hip fracture fixation by expandable proximal peg or dynamic screw

Computed tomography (CT) is currently considered to be an accurate method for evaluating bone density. We evaluated the CT measurements of bone density using the Hounsfield units (HUs) in 23 patients who had been operated in the past for an extra-capsular hip fracture. Twelve patients were treated with a dynamic hip screw and 11 with a proximal femoral expandable hip nail. All the CTs had been performed for non-orthopedic purposes. Bone density with a region of interest (ROI) could be assessed for both hips. We compared the bone density between the operated versus the non-operated sides as well as between the two surgical groups.Bone density was higher in the hip peg (the femoral component of the expandable nail) side 262.5 (range, 169-351) HU, compared to the opposite non-operated side and to the hip screw group 194 (range, 99-283) HU. The hip screw side had decreased bone density compared to the opposite non-operated side. We were able to define a density index and a difference index: both were higher in the hip peg group. These findings persisted over time. It would be interesting to speculate that increased bone density around an expandable peg provides better fracture stabilization and probably faster healing than a dynamic hip screw.     

钢丝张力带内固定治疗锁骨外侧部Ⅱ型骨折

锁骨骨折是临床常见的一种骨折 ,其中锁骨外侧部Ⅱ型骨折因近折段与喙锁韧带的联结遭到破坏 ,骨折移位 ,为不稳定骨折 ,骨折不愈合率较高〔1〕。1996年 3月～ 1999年 12月我院采用钢丝张力带内固定方法治疗锁骨外侧部Ⅱ型骨折 11例 ,疗效满意。1　材料与方法1.1　病例资料　本组 11例 ,男 9例 ,女 2例 ,年龄 19～ 48岁。左侧 4例 ,右侧 7例。损伤原因均为跌倒时局部直接遭撞击。均为闭合性骨折 ,无其它合并伤。患者均在伤后 1周内手术。1.2　临床表现　伤肩局部肿胀、瘀斑、压痛 ,可见隆起畸形 ;按压有浮动感 ,患肢外展上举受限 ,外展时疼痛…     

Intramedullary hip screw fixation of reverse oblique and transverse trochanteric femur fractures

Introduction  Reverse oblique and transverse trochanteric femur fractures (31A3) are relatively rare. They are associated with a high failure rate, particularly in cases where extramedullary implants are used. This study investigated a second-generation intramedullary nail in this specific fracture type. Methods  Flinders Medical Centre is a level 1 trauma centre and the largest user of the Intramedullary Hip Screw (IMHS, Smith and Nephew, Memphis, USA) in the Southern Hemisphere. Two hundred and forty-eight IMHS cases completed between September 2003 and August 2005 were retrospectively analysed. All fractures were classified using the AO/ASIF system (Muller et al., The comprehensive classification of fractures of the long bones, Springer, Berlin, 1990) and 31A3.1, 2, 3 fractures were selected. The case notes and radiology were reviewed over a 1-year follow-up. Results  Twenty-six cases were classified as 31A3 fractures. Thirty-eight percent of the cases received a long stem IMHS. Mean patient age was 81.9 years with a 1-year mortality of 11.5%. Two of the 26 cases (7.7%) had surgical complications, including one cut-out (associated with a tip-apex distance of 40.9 mm) and one loss of reduction. Both cases required re-operation. There were no femoral shaft fractures or non-unions in this series. Conclusions  This second-generation intramedullary implant, the IMHS, performed well in this often difficult to fix fracture. The complication rate is considerably less than the rate published for extramedullary implants and is comparable to previous studies using a range of intramedullary techniques.     

不同手术入路钢板内固定治疗肱骨髁间C型骨折的临床研究

目的 探讨不同手术人路"Y"型钢板内固定治疗肱骨髁间C型骨折的临床疗效.方法 2004年4月至2008年4月收治42例成人肱骨髁间C型骨折患者,按照AO分型:C1型11例,C2型23例,C3型8例,全部为闭合性损伤.其中20例采用尺骨鹰嘴截骨入路,22例采用肘后肱三头肌舌形瓣人路,均采用"Y"型钢板内固定.采用尺骨鹰嘴截骨入路者,术后第3天开始功能锻炼;采用肘后肱三头肌舌形瓣人路者,术后2～3周行主、被动功能锻炼.结果 42例患者术后获8～48个月(平均29个月)随访.根据改良的Cassebaum评分系统评定术后总体肘关节功能:优29例.良9例,可3例,差1例,优良率为90.5%.术前2例尺神经损伤者,1例3个月后恢复,1例有尺神经麻痹症状残留.2例术后发生异位骨化.尺骨鹰嘴截骨入路者:优14例,良4例,可1例,差1例,优良率为90.0%;肘后肱三头肌舌形瓣入路者:优15例,良5例,可2例,优良率为90.9%,两种不同手术入路的优良率差异无统计学意义(x2=2.77,P0.05).结论 采用"Y"型钢板治疗成人肱骨髁间粉碎性骨折配合早期CPM辅助锻炼,多数患者能获得良好的疗效,术后根据入路选择合适的辅助锻炼可促进肘关节功能恢复.     

Correlation between posteromedial or posterolateral displacement and cubitus varus deformity in supracondylar humerus fractures in children

Purpose Cubitus varus deformity is one of the most common complications after displaced supracondylar humeral fractures in children. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the fracture displacement and cubitus varus deformity in displaced supracondylar humerus fractures. Methods Seventeen patients (11 males/6 females; mean age 7 years) with cubitus varus deformities occurring after Gartland type III posteromedial or posterolateral displaced supracondylar humerus fractures were evaluated with clinical and serial radiographic examinations. All patients had been treated surgically by open reduction through a medial approach and percutaneous cross-pinning. All fractures were reduced anatomically. Ten of the patients were operated within the first 24 h. The time interval between the initial injury and the surgical procedure for the remaining seven patients was 5.3 days on average (range 2–10 days). The carrying angle and range of motion of the elbow were measured throughout the follow-up period. The mean follow-up time was 3.7 years (range 2–12 years). Results Five patients with type III-B fractures had a mean carrying angle loss of 8.8° (range 6–10°), whereas for the remaining 12 type III-A patients the mean loss was 15° (range 6–29°) (P = 0.019). None of the patients in this study demonstrated limited elbow motion. According to the Flynn criteria, the results were good in five type III-B patients. There was no statistically significant relationship between the loss of carrying angle and the delay before the surgical procedure (P = 0.615 in type III-A, P = 0.096 in type III-B). Conclusions The carrying angle loss was more significant in type III-A fractures compared with type III-B in this series. These results suggest that although anatomic reduction has been achieved by surgical treatment without loss of reduction, there is still a risk for cubitus varus deformity for type III-A fractures due to the initial compression of the medial column or, in other words, physeal injury.