经尿道钬激光膀胱肿瘤切除术和膀胱肿瘤电切术治疗表浅层膀胱癌的疗效比较

目的观察经尿道钬激光膀胱肿瘤切除术(HoLRBT)和经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术(TURBT)治疗浅表层膀胱癌的疗效和安全性。方法我院于2011年6月到2013年6月收治行手术治疗的表浅层膀胱癌患者271例,根据治疗方法分为HoLRBT组和TURBT组。分别对2组患者手术时间、术中出血量、膀胱冲洗时间、尿管留置时间、住院时间等术中术后情况、手术并发症和2年累积复发率进行比较分析。结果 2组手术时间比较无统计学意义(P0.05)。HoLRBT组术中出血量、膀胱冲洗时间、尿管留置时间和住院时间明显低于TURBT组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。HoLRBT组患者术后并发症的发生率明显低于TURBT组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。HoLRBT组和TURBT组患者2年累积复发率分别为8%和16.67%,HoLRBT组复发率明显低于TURBT组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 HoLRBT治疗表浅层膀胱癌疗效显著,安全可靠,可显著降低术后复发率,值得临床推广使用。     

Innervation zone locations in 43 superficial muscles: Toward a standardization of electrode positioning

Introduction: We describe the innervation zone (IZ) location in 43 muscles to provide information for appropriate positioning of bipolar electrodes for clinical and research applications. Methods: The IZ was studied in 40 subjects (20 men and 20 women) using multichannel surface electromyography (sEMG). Signal quality was checked visually to identify motor unit action potentials and estimate muscle fiber conduction velocity. Results: Results in 33 muscles were classified as excellent or good, because it was possible to identify an area which is favorable for appropriate positioning of an electrode pair without the need to previously determine the IZ location. Conclusions: Knowledge of IZ location will increase standardization and repeatability of sEMG measures. Muscle Nerve 49 :413–421, 2014     

不同年龄段慢性浅表性胃炎患儿的胃镜特点与临床病理特征

目的：探讨以腹痛为首发症状的慢性浅表性胃炎患儿的不同年龄段胃镜特点与临床病理特征。方法选取我院270例以腹痛为首发症状的高度疑诊慢性浅表性胃炎患儿,为进一步确诊慢性浅表性胃炎,全部患者进行胃镜检查并在胃镜下观察胃肠黏膜的病理特征,根据不同年龄将患者分为三组,3～6岁为低龄组,7～10岁为中龄组,11～15岁为高龄组,比较三组患儿胃镜与病理特征。结果经胃镜检查示：慢性浅表性胃炎胃镜阳性率高达85.93%（232/270）,胃肠溃疡病与过敏性紫癜的胃镜阳性率仅为4.44%（12/270）、8.52%（23/270）,慢性浅表性胃炎的胃镜阳性率显著高于胃肠溃疡病与过敏性紫癜（P均＜0.05）;在不同年龄段慢性浅表性胃炎胃镜阳性率显示为：低龄组＜中龄组＜高龄组,组间比较差异具有统计学意义（P均＜0.05）,反之,不同年龄段的胃肠过敏性紫癜胃镜阳性率比较差异无显著性（P均＞0.05）;低龄组胃黏膜炎症、胃肠腺体萎缩与滤泡增生等病理特征也显著优于高龄组（P均＞0.05）。结论不同年龄段以腹痛为首发症状的慢性浅表性胃炎患儿的胃镜特点与病理特征各异,胃镜检查在慢性浅表性胃炎的诊断中具有重要的意义。     

经CDFI引导125I粒子植入治疗转移性浅表肿瘤疗效观察

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声（CDFI）引导下125I粒子组织间植入治疗转移性浅表肿瘤的疗效。方法回顾性分析156例确诊为恶性转移性浅表肿瘤患者进行125I粒子治疗结果,利用薄层CT扫描图像进行计算机三维治疗计划系统（TPS）术前计划、术中调整、术后验证粒子分布及数量。局部浸润麻醉后,CDFI引导下植入125I粒子。结果术后3个月,16.7%（26/156）患者肿瘤完全缓解,51.3%（80/156）患者肿瘤部分缓解,21.1%（33/156）肿瘤稳定,10.9%（17/156）肿瘤进展,总有效率（CR＋PR）为68%。术后6个月,18.6%（29/156）患者肿瘤完全缓解,53.2%（83/156）患者肿瘤部分缓解,22.4%（35/156）肿瘤稳定,5.8%（9/156）肿瘤进展,总有效率（CR＋PR）为71.8%。无严重皮肤反应、骨髓抑制及其它并发症发生。结论 CDFI引导下125I粒子植入治疗转移性浅表肿瘤具有方法简单、定位准确、疗效确切、无严重并发症等优点,是一种安全的微创治疗手段。     

Superficial fibular nerve variations of fascial piercing: A meta‐analysis and clinical consideration

The superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve (SFN) is one of the successive branches of the common fibular (peroneal) nerve and goes on to bifurcate into the medial dorsal cutaneous (MDN) and intermediate dorsal cutaneous (IDN) nerves. The SFN is a main contributor to sensory innervation of the foot and lower leg. It varies widely in its penetrance of the deep (crural) fascia, and differences in its subsequent course can result in iatrogenic injuries. Articles on the prevalence of this anatomical variation were identified by a comprehensive database search. The data collected were extracted and pooled into a meta‐analysis. A total of 14 articles (n = 665 lower limbs) were included on the meta‐analysis of SFN variations in fascial piercing. The normal Type 1 variation, where the SFN pierces the deep fascia as a single entity and later bifurcates into the MDN and IDN, had a pooled prevalence of 82.7% (95%CI: 74.0–89.4). The Type 2 variant, where the SFN bifurcates early and then pierces the fascial layer separately as the MDN and IDN, had a pooled prevalence of 15.6% (95%CI: 8.9–23.6). Type 3, when the SFN penetrates the deep fascia and courses similar to the MDN with absent IDN was noted in 1.8% (95%CI: 0.0–4.9) of cases. A substantial portion of the population has a pattern of SFN piercing that deviates from the normal Type 1 anatomy. It is recommended that possible SFN variants in patients should be addressed thoroughly to help prevent iatrogenic injuries and postoperative complications. Clin. Anat. 30:120–125, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Gastric Changes in Coronary-Operated Patients with Low-Dose Aspirin

Low-dose aspirin is widely used in patients operated on for coronary disease as secondary prevention of coronary artery occlusion. The changes caused by aspirin in therapeutic doses to gastric mucosa are well documented, but the effect of long-term low-dose aspirin is not so well known. Forty-six volunteer coronary-operated patients with daily low-dose aspirin were interviewed postoperatively, and an upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopy was performed and biopsy specimens taken 3 months after the operation. The findings were compared with a normal population sample of 358 persons from a study previously published. There were significantly more erosions and ulcers or fresh scars in the study group than in the control population-11 of 46 patients and 24 of 358 patients, respectively. The presence of superficial gastritis was similar. Mostly, the lesions were asymptomatic. History of peptic ulcer disease, use of other ulcerogenic drugs, smoking, and alcohol consumption had no predictive value for acute lesions. In contrast, the lesions were associated with chronic superficial gastritis and infection.     

EARLY GASTRIC CANCER WITH WIDESPREAD DUODENAL INVASION WITHIN THE MUCOSA

We report a rare case of early gastric cancer confined to the mucosal layer with extensive duodenal invasion, curatively removed with distal gastrectomy. An 84‐year‐old Japanese woman was referred to our hospital with gastric cancer. A barium meal examination and esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed an irregular nodulated lesion measuring 6.5 x 5.5 cm in the gastric antrum and an aggregation of small nodules in the duodenal bulb. A biopsy specimen showed well‐differentiated adenocarcinoma. The patient underwent distal gastrectomy with partial resection of the duodenal region containing the tumor and regional lymph node dissection, with no complication. Histological examination of the resected tissue confirmed well‐differentiated adenocarcinoma limited to the mucosal layer and without lymph node metastasis. The cancer extended into the duodenum as far as 38 mm distant from the pyloric ring, and the resected margins were free of cancer cells. Gastric cancer located adjacent to the pyloric ring thus has the potential for duodenal invasion, even when tumor invasion is confined to the mucosal layer. In such cases, care should be taken during examinations to detect duodenal invasion, and the distal surgical margin must be negative given sufficient duodenal resection.     

大脑浅静脉吻合静脉的显微解剖及临床应用

目的探讨大脑浅静脉吻合静脉的显微解剖及其临床应用。方法15具（30侧）经血管内灌注染料的成人尸头经开颅取出整个大脑，在手术显微镜下观察测量大脑浅静脉吻合静脉形态。结果Trolard静脉和Labbe静脉是大脑浅静脉的主要吻合静脉，它们都与大脑中浅静脉相联系。但并不是所有的大脑半球吻合静脉都发达。Trolard静脉左侧半球缺如4例，右侧半球缺如9例。Labbe静脉左侧半球缺如4例，右侧半球缺如3例。结论在神经外科手术中，熟练掌握吻合静脉的显微解剖对判断术中静脉损伤所引起的术后并发症非常重要，静脉能保留的应尽可能保留。     

埃索美拉唑联合丽珠胃三联治疗HP阳性慢性浅表性胃炎临床观察

[目的]观察埃索美拉唑联合丽珠胃三联治疗Hp阳性慢性浅表性胃炎的临床疗效。[方法]Hp阳性的慢性浅表性胃炎90例，随机分为治疗组（45例）、对照组（45例），治疗组采用埃索美拉唑联合丽珠胃三联口服治疗，对照组采用奥美拉唑联合丽珠胃三联口服治疗，分别于治疗第2、3、4周观察临床症状改善情况及胃镜下胃炎愈合情况。[结果]症状改善情况及胃炎愈合情况，治疗组疗效均优于对照组（P〈0．05）。[结论]埃索美拉唑联合丽珠胃三联治疗HP阳性慢性浅表性胃炎有较好的临床疗效。     

颞浅动脉岛状皮瓣联合口腔黏膜移植修复眼睑全层缺损

目的探讨以颞浅动脉岛状皮瓣联合口腔黏膜移植修复眼睑重度全层缺损的适应证和手术方式,评价其安全性和有效性。方法利用颞浅动脉岛状皮瓣联合口腔黏膜移植修复眼睑重度全层缺损患者13例(13眼),眼睑缺损范围为(33.67±8.35)mm×(16.44±4.45)mm。颞浅动脉岛状皮瓣大小为(38.56±8.99)mm×(18.44±4.00)mm,皮瓣内层覆盖游离唇黏膜8例,硬腭黏膜5例,术后随访6~24月。结果皮瓣完全存活10例;皮瓣部分存活2例;1例皮瓣因严重静脉淤滞坏死,术后3月行游离植皮术,植皮存活。移植的口腔黏膜均存活。5例患者因皮瓣臃肿,行Ⅱ期修整术,其中3例同时行Ⅱ期上睑下垂矫正额肌瓣悬吊术。存活的皮瓣色泽近似邻近皮肤,质地柔软,有效保护眼球。结论以颞浅动脉岛状皮瓣联合口腔黏膜移植可有效修复眼睑重度全层缺损,重建眼睑,保护眼球。