Chronic fatigue of the small enterprise workers participating in an occupational health checkup center in southern Taiwan

Purpose  There has been increasing interest in the occupational health of workers in small enterprises, especially in developing countries. This study examines the association between psychosocial job characteristics and fatigue, and attempts to identify risk factors for fatigue among workers of small enterprises in southern Taiwan. Methods  A structured questionnaire was administered to workers receiving regular health examinations between August 2005 and January 2006. The questionnaire collected demographic information and data on working conditions, personal health status and life styles. It also collected information on psychosocial job characteristics, fatigue and psychological distress using three instruments. Results  A total of 647 workers with mean age of 43.7 were completed. Probable fatigue was found in 34.6% of the sample. Fatigue was found by multiple logistic regressions to be associated with the lack of exercise, working in shifts, depression score and lack of social support at workplace. Conclusions  This study found associations between life style, psychosocial job characteristics and fatigue. Because the high prevalence of probable fatigue was found in such small enterprises, the authors suggest that a short interview with some quick questionnaires in health checkup for these small enterprise workers are helpful to early detect psychosocial and fatigue problems.     

急性脑血管病病人应激状态的临床特点及护理

[目的 ]分析急性脑血管病(ACVD)应激状态的临床特点 ,探讨防治策略及护理对策。 [方法 ]回顾分析 3 62例ACVD病人的临床资料。[结果 ]ACVD病人应激反应的发生率为 47.5 1% ,病死率为 11.88%。 [结论 ]早期明确诊断与治疗 ,并采取措施积极调控机体应激状态 ,加强护理 ,有助于控制病情和促进康复 ,降低病死率。     

川芎嗪对内皮祖细胞氧化应激损伤的保护作用研究

 目的观察川芎嗪(TMP)对过氧化氢(H₂O₂)诱导的内皮祖细胞(EPCs)氧化应激损伤的保护作用及机制。方法通过密度梯度离心分离脐静脉血单个核细胞,利用血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)诱导纯化方法培养EPCs。CCK-8细胞计数试剂盒、流式细胞仪、激光共聚焦显微镜检测TMP对细胞氧化应激损伤的保护作用及机制探讨。结果200mg·L^–1 TMP抑制内皮祖细胞增殖功能;但是25mg·L^-1 TMP显著减少H₂O₂致细胞凋亡和细胞生长停滞在G0/G1期,而L-单甲基精氨酸(L-NMMA)抵消TMP的保护作用。结论TMP对氧化应激损伤诱导细胞凋亡和生长停滞具有明显的保护作用,eNOS受体拮抗剂L-NMMA能抵消TMP这种保护作用,说明TMP对EPCs抗氧化应激损伤的保护作用可能是通过eNOS途径。     

Which constructs can predict emotional exhaustion in a working population? A study into its determinants

The main objective of this study was to examine the psychosocial stress model developed by Taylor and Aspinwall with emotional exhaustion as the outcome variable. Respondents, 409 men and 346 women, who had a paid job for at least 20 hours per week, completed questionnaires concerning demographic variables, personality, temperament, work pressure, workload, perceived social support, appraisal, coping, and emotional exhaustion. Structural equation analyses provided only partial support for the validity of the model. First, on theoretical and statistical grounds, one more path linking external resources to social support was added. Second, contrary to expectations, coping styles did not predict emotional exhaustion. To conclude, when coping is measured retrospectively, it does not add to our understanding of emotional exhaustion. It is suggested that future studies should be longitudinal and include objective measures of stressors and psychosocial health outcomes in addition to self‐reports. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The shape of stress: the use of frequent sampling to measure temporal variation in S‐IgA levels during acute stress

Previous studies have indicated that statistically significant increases in Secretory immunoglobulin A (S‐IgA) can be achieved in as little as 5min as a result of mental stress. However, the temporal resolution of these changes is low and therefore the rate and pattern of changes during the stress task and during subsequent recovery is unclear. A within‐subjects design was used to examine levels of S‐IgA before, during and after a short (8 min) mental stress task. S‐IgA was measured from saliva samples obtained every 2 min during the entire 30‐min session. Significant increases in S‐IgA concentration were observed as early as the task instruction period, with additional increases during the stress task itself. The data also show a rapid recovery of S‐IgA, with a return to baseline levels within 6 min. Results suggest that S‐IgA changes can occur very rapidly and that the observed increases are short‐lived. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Influence of Chewing and Clenching on Salivary Cortisol Levels as an Indicator of Stress

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of chewing and clenching on salivary cortisol levels as an indicator of stress. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventeen healthy dentulous subjects were given arithmetic exercises to perform within a 20-minute time limit in order to elicit stress (stress loading). In the first experiment (chewing), after stress loading, the subjects were asked to chew a paraffin wax while reading printed material (books, magazines, etc.) in silence for 10 minutes. The same procedure was then carried out again for control purposes, but this time the subjects were not required to chew wax. In the second experiment (light clenching), after stress loading, the subjects were required to carry out 5 seconds of light clenching followed by 5 seconds of rest repeatedly over a 3-minute period. The whole 3-minute process was repeated a total of three times. The control data for this second experiment consisted of measurements taken during the rest periods. Saliva specimens were collected in both experiments both before stress loading and after each procedure during 1-minute intervals to measure cortisol levels. RESULTS: In the chewing experiment, salivary cortisol levels were significantly reduced by chewing, compared with those in the controls (p < 0.05). This reduction in salivary cortisol was observed during chewing over a 10-minute period following stress loading. In the clenching experiment, salivary cortisol levels also showed a significant reduction during clenching, compared with those in the controls (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that chewing and clenching promote relaxation in subjects under stress.     

水分胁迫条件下不同栽培居群菘蓝中4种有机酸的变化

目的:检测北京、内蒙古、河北和陕西等4个栽培居群菘蓝叶片中草酸、苹果酸、柠檬酸和抗坏血酸等4种有机酸成分含量的差异及在淹水胁迫下的变化.方法:采用高效液相色谱法测定正常及水分胁迫下不同栽培居群的菘蓝叶片中4种有机酸的含量.结果:不同栽培居群叶片中有机酸含量不同,而在水分胁迫条件下,各栽培居群有机酸含量变化趋势相同,草酸、苹果酸和柠檬酸含量升高,抗坏血酸含量下降.结论:不同栽培居群的菘蓝所含各有机酸存在一定差异,在水淹等逆境条件下,其叶片中有机酸含量发生不同程度地变化,并与其逆境生理密切相关.     

宁波普通高中教师职业压力、社会支持与亚健康躯体症状的典型相关分析

目的 探讨宁波市普通高中的教师心理压力,社会支持与亚健康状态的相关关系.方法 采用职业压力问卷、社会支持量表与亚健康躯体症状自评量表对随机抽取的128名宁波市普通高中教师进行相关关系分析.结果 当存在社会支持变量时,2组变量的典型相关系数达0.563,0.471( P <0.01).职业压力的增大与社会支持水平的减少都将导致教师亚健康躯体症状的增多.当撤去社会支持变量后,典型相关系数为0.497( P <0.01).典型变量ξ中"考试压力","工作负荷"与"职业期望"的因子负载分别增大为0.801,0.855,0.726.典型变量η中的"疲劳感觉"与"睡眠障碍"的因子负载分别增大为0.774,0.859.结论 社会支持水平在职业压力与亚健康躯体症状之间可能具有中介调节作用.     

石榴叶鞣质对高血脂小鼠糖代谢影响及其机制

目的：探讨石榴叶鞣质对高脂小鼠糖代谢的影响以及降糖的作用机制。方法：通过高脂饮食建立高脂并高血糖小鼠，灌胃石榴叶鞣质，观察小鼠血清糖脂的变化，肝糖元含量；通过体外HepG2细胞实验观察石榴叶鞣质对葡萄糖的利用及其胞内糖元含量变化。结果：灌胃石榴叶鞣质8周后，高脂小鼠外周血总胆固醇、甘油三酯和血糖均有明显降低，肝糖元升高；体外实验石榴叶鞣质可以明显促进HepG2细胞对葡萄糖的利用，增加胞内糖元含量。结论：石榴叶鞣质对高脂合并的高血糖有明显的降低作用，其作用机制可能与增加肝内糖元转化有关。     

September 11th related stress and trauma in New Yorkers

Exposure to trauma and stress has been linked with poor health, while forgiveness appears to be positively associated with health outcomes. The current study investigates whether traits such as forgiveness and ruminative tendencies predict levels of trauma and stress experienced by New York City residents on the 1‐year anniversary of the September 11th terrorist attack. Seventy‐one students and staff members (57 females, 14 males) of a graduate school in New York City were administered the Impact of Events Scale, the Perceived Stress Scale, and questionnaires designed for the purpose of this study to measure ruminative tendencies and forgiveness on September 11, 2002. Rumination predicted levels of trauma (p < 0.05) and perceived stress (p < 0.01). Lower levels of forgiveness predicted perceived stress (p < 0.05), but not trauma. Rumination mediated the relationship between forgiveness and perceived stress. These findings suggest that individuals with higher levels of rumination have an elevated risk of experiencing trauma and stress‐related symptoms following a traumatic event. Forgiveness is associated with lower levels of stress, but not trauma, perhaps because trauma is an extreme form of stress. Forgiveness appears to serve as a buffer against stress more so in individuals with low levels of rumination than in individuals with high levels of rumination. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.