Onset of action of a lozenge containing flurbiprofen 8.75 mg: A randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled trial with a new method for measuring onset of analgesic activity

A new onset-of-action model was utilized to distinguish the pharmacologic activity of flurbiprofen 8.75 mg delivered in a lozenge from the demulcent effect of the lozenge base. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, patients with sore throat rated pain on a Sore Throat Pain Intensity Scale before taking one flurbiprofen or placebo lozenge and at frequent (2-minute) intervals over the first hour after treatment. Further ratings of the Sore Throat Pain Intensity Scale and other patient-reported outcomes (difficulty swallowing, swollen throat, pain relief) were obtained at varying intervals over 6 hours. Onset of pharmacologic activity was defined as the median time of first perceived pain reduction if a patient reported clinically meaningful (at least moderate) relief. The conventional method of comparing mean treatment responses at each time point was also implemented. Demulcent action was detected at the first 2-minute assessment. By the new method, 102 flurbiprofen-treated patients were identified as first perceiving pain relief at 12 minutes, compared with >120 minutes by 102 patients using placebo (P < 0.001). By the conventional method, mean percentage pain reduction for flurbiprofen 8.75 mg was first significantly differentiated from placebo at 26 minutes (P < 0.05). Efficacy of flurbiprofen lozenge was demonstrated for 3.5-4 hours on the 4 patient-reported outcomes (all P < 0.05 compared with placebo). There were no serious adverse events. This patient-centered onset-of-action model identifies the initiation of pain relief in patients who are definite drug responders, here demonstrating that a flurbiprofen 8.75-mg lozenge provides early relief of sore throat.     

Chronic cough management: dealing with a sensation of irritation in the throat

Among the various types of laryngeal paraesthesia suffered by chronic cough patients, we often encounter ‘a sensation of irritation in the throat (SIT)’. Our study indicated that capsaicin cough threshold was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in the SIT‐positive group (13.9 μmol/L) than in the SIT‐negative group (49.6 μmol/L). The establishment of treatment strategies for SIT would be advantageous for treating chronic cough patients suffering from this laryngeal sensation.     

藏红花乙醇溶液涂抹联合黄柏液、诺和灵湿敷治疗糖尿病合并压疮效果观察

[目的]观察藏红花乙醇涂抹压疮周围皮肤联合黄柏液、诺和灵湿敷压疮创面对糖尿病合并压疮病人治疗效果.[方法]选择糖尿病Ⅲ期压疮病人40例（60处）,随机分为观察组和对照组各20例（30处）.对照组按常规方法换药,用自制藏红花乙醇溶液涂擦创面周围皮肤;观察组在对照组的基础上加用黄柏液、诺和灵湿敷创面,观察两组疗效和治愈时间.[结果]观察组疗效优于对照组（Z=-2.260,P＜0.05）,治愈时间较对照组缩短（t＝-3.986,P＜0.05）.[结论]采用黄柏液、诺和灵湿敷糖尿痛合并压疮创面,用藏红花乙醇涂擦创面周围皮肤,可提高疗效,缩短治愈时间.     

《喉科秘钥》考述

《喉科秘钥》为清代流传较为广泛的喉科著作之一,因原题“古歙西园郑氏原辑,许佐廷乐泉增订”,所以一直被视为新安郑氏喉科世家的重要著作.但通过考证发现,《喉科秘钥》实际是对清代医家张宗良所撰《喉科指掌》略作增删而成:删去了卷2“制药法”部分,补入吴氏(名已不可考)的“喉科24症歌诀”及丹药12首.因而可以断定,《喉科秘钥》并非西园郑氏所作,作者当属张吴氏,书中反映了张宗良与吴氏的学术思想.据《中国中医古籍总目》著录,《喉科秘钥》现有14个版本存世,而通过调研得知,现存版本实为12个.另外《中国医籍志》、《中国中医古籍总目》等工具书对本书作者、书名、版本的著录有误,当予纠正.     

量化评价压疮高危因素降低压疮的院内发生率

目的通过量化评价压疮高危因素以降低压疮的院内发生率。方法制订“压力性溃疡高危因素量化评价记录表”,对2003~2005年在我院住院的332例压疮高危患者的皮肤情况进行监控,并对其采取个体化有效的护理措施。结果332例压疮高危患者中,发生压疮7例,发生率为2.1%,与2000~2002年相比,下降了4个百分点。结论对压疮高危患者及时填报量表,并进行前瞻性会诊,给予皮肤护理和制订压疮个体化预防方案,可有效降低压疮发生率,且各级护理人员能有机会经常交流、讨论预防压疮的护理经验,使基础护理质量得到了持续改进。     

湿润疗法治疗63例老年病人褥疮的临床体会

目的：总结湿润疗法治疗老年病人并发褥疮的临床经验。方法：对1994年以来老年病人并发褥疮的临床资料进行回顾性调查分析。调查内容包括原发病、褥疮患病病史、创面个数、分布部位、褥疮分期、治疗方法及愈合情况等。结果：一、二期褥疮14例21个创面，治疗3周愈合；其余49例病人的121个创面中，属于三期创面73个，最长愈合时间75d；48个四期创面于150d愈合，未行植皮手术治疗。     

紫外线和超短波治疗咽喉疾病60例

目的观察紫外线和超短波对咽喉疾病的治疗效果。方法６０例分２组，紫外线组３０例，超短波组３０例，治疗每日１次，７次为１个疗程，经过２个疗程观察，治疗后进行对照。结果紫外线组３０例，治愈２１例（７０％），显效６例（２０％），有效３例（１０％），总有效率（１００％），平均治疗次数５２次。超短波组３０例，治愈１５例（５０％），显效８例（２６７％），有效５例（１６６％），无效２例（６７％），总有效率（９３３％），平均治疗次数８３次。结论紫外线组优于超短波组，而且疗效高，时间短     

The Most Effective Time Interval for Repositioning Subjects at Risk of Pressure Sore Development: A Literature Review

This review analyzed 17 studies to establish the repositioning time interval that is most effective in preventing pressure sores in at‐risk individuals. Because the studies did not provide strong evidence to support any specific time interval, we suggest that the commonly recommended 2‐hour interval be the starting point for individual turning schedules. The 2‐hour interval should be shortened or expanded according to each individual's susceptibility to pressure sores.     

气垫床在临床使用中存在问题分析及对策

目的探讨气垫床在临床使用中存在的问题及相关对策,以便合理、有效地使用气垫床预防患者压疮。方法对本院2008年1-12月100例使用气垫床预防压疮患者的临床科室进行调查分析,了解科室应用气垫床存在问题。结果气垫床在临床使用中存在问题包括:气垫床类型选择不当25例(25.0%),气垫床管理不善20例(20.0%),铺设方法不当50例(50.0%),压力调节不准确50例(50.0%),充气管道受压或脱落20例(20.0%),忽视基础护理10例(10.0%),使用无针对性10例(10.0%),缺乏保养维护40例(40.0%)。结论医院对气垫床未统一管理及护理人员对气垫床使用知识、技能、技巧缺乏是主要存在问题。医院应加强气垫床的统一使用管理制度,同时对医护人员进行气垫床使用知识的教育,以便使气垫床能更好地发挥预防患者压疮的作用。