大学特困生心理问题的成因及调适

大学特困生是一个特殊群体，他们的心理状态还不稳定，容易出现一些心理问题，其成因为：心理因素、生物遗传因素、环境因素。为了消除这些心理问题必须采取积极开展心理咨询、思想政治教育、人格教育、情商教育、改变个人认知等对策。     

Correlation of histometric, microbial, and clinical indicators of periodontal disease status before and after root planing

Effective diagnosis and treatment of periodontal disease requires accurate evaluation of disease status before and after treatment. This study evaluated relationships among multiple parameters that have been used for periodontal disease evaluation. A total of 61 initially deep (greater than or equal to 6 mm) interproximal pockets from 16 patients examined before and after a 3-week course of root planing therapy were evaluated for probing depth, bleeding on probing, darkfield and cultural characterization of subgingival plaque, and histometric indices of infiltrated connective tissue (ICT) and mature plasma cell infiltrate. 36 sites were evaluated before treatment, and 25 after treatment. A comparison of mean scores for pre-treatment sites versus post-treatment sites indicated that there was an average improvement in most disease-related parameters. However, patterns of significant correlations among the parameters differed markedly. Motile bacteria enumerated by darkfield microscopy were significantly correlated with ICT and plasma-cell populations before, but not after treatment. In contrast, probing depth and populations of black pigmented Bacteroides (BPB's), principally B. gingivalis, were significantly correlated with ICT after, but not before, treatment. Bleeding on probing was not significantly correlated with ICT levels before or after treatment. This suggests that different sets of parameters should be used for evaluating periodontal disease status before or after treatment. Our data further suggest that B. gingivalis populations may be related to delayed healing of deep periodontal lesions after instrumentation.     

Origins and distribution of cerebrovascular nerve fibers showing calcitonin gene-related peptide-like immunoreactivity in the major cerebral artery of the dog

The origins and overall distribution of perivascular nerve fibers showing calcitonin gene-related peptide-like immunoreactivity (CGRP-LI) in the major cerebral arteries were investigated immunohistochemically in the dog by using whole-mount preparations of the arterial trees around the circle of Willis. Perivascular nerve fibers with CGRP-LI were seen most abundantly in the basilar artery, vertebral artery, common anterior cerebral artery, proximal part of the anterior cerebral artery, and terminal part of the internal carotid artery. They were far less numerous in the middle cerebral artery, posterior cerebral artery, superior cerebellar artery, and distal part of the anterior cerebral artery. Neuronal cell bodies with CGRP-LI were observed in the trigeminal, nodose, superior cervical, and dorsal root ganglia. CGRP-LI fibers in the large pial arteries in the circle of Willis were eliminated ipsilaterally after unilateral transection of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve, and slightly reduced in number ipsilaterally after unilateral transection of the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve. They did not show any noticeable changes after unilateral transection of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve. On the other hand, CGRP-LI fibers in the basilar and vertebral arteries did not show any appreciable changes after unilateral transection of the trigeminal nerve, but they were eliminated after bilateral ganglionectomy of the dorsal root ganglia of the first, second, and third cervical nerves. After ganglionectomy of the ciliary, pterygopalatine, otic, nodose, or superior cervical ganglion, no changes were observed in perivascular nerve fibers with CGRP-LI in the major cerebral arteries.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

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下颌第一磨牙萌出早,患龋率高,易发生牙髓炎或根尖周炎,且由于根管系统复杂,根管治疗操作困难。现将228例下颌第一磨牙的根管治疗病例总结报告如下。1资料与方法1.1研究对象收集2005年12月至2007年12月东港市口腔医院门诊228例下颌第一磨牙牙髓炎或根尖周炎患     

硬膜外移植自体髓核大鼠背根神经节的非压迫性损伤

背景：最新的研究表明，髓核所致的炎性反应是导致坐骨神经痛的重要原因之一，在此过程中背根神经节可能起重要作用，但是其病理生理变化目前尚不完全清楚。 目的：探讨在无机械压迫情况下，腰椎间盘髓核突出引起坐骨神经痛的发病机制。 方法：10月龄雄性SD大鼠24只，随机分成实验组和对照组，每组12只。切开大鼠尾椎椎间盘，髓核呈胶冻样，取5个髓核并加入50 µL生理盐水，充分搅拌稀释成混悬液备用。实验组大鼠行硬膜外穿刺，注射混悬液到腰椎硬膜外腔制作动物模型。对照组硬膜外腔注射生理盐水。测定大鼠后肢机械刺激缩爪阈值并对疼痛相关行为和背根神经节组织形态学进行观察。 结果与结论：在无机械压迫情况下，硬膜外移植自体髓核能使大鼠后肢产生明显的痛觉过敏，背根神经节会出现节细胞肿胀、核膜不清晰、核仁变淡或消失、胞浆出现空泡、尼氏小体颜色变浅分布不均匀、内膜间质增宽、充血和水肿等形态学改变。结果表明，移植自体髓核所致的炎性反应是引起大鼠背根神经节损伤和坐骨神经痛的重要原因之一。     

Evaluation of the use of prophylactic cranial irradiation in small cell lung cancer

BACKGROUND:

Prophylactic cranial irradiation has been used in patients with small cell lung cancer to reduce the incidence of brain metastasis after primary therapy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) on overall survival and cause‐specific survival.

METHODS:

A total of 7995 patients with limited stage small cell lung cancer diagnosed between 1988 and 1997 were retrospectively identified from centers participating in the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program. Of them, 670 were identified as having received PCI as a component of their first course of therapy. Overall survival and cause‐specific survival were estimated by the Kaplan‐Meier method, comparing patients treated with or without prophylactic whole‐brain radiotherapy. The Cox proportional hazards model was used in the multivariate analysis to evaluate potential prognostic factors.

RESULTS:

The median follow‐up time was 13 months (range, 1 month to 180 months). Overall survival at 2 years, 5 years, and 10 years was 23%, 11%, and 6%, respectively, in patients who did not receive PCI. In patients who received PCI, the 2‐year, 5‐year, and 10‐year overall survival rates were 42%, 19%, and 9%, respectively (P = <.001). The cause‐specific survival rate at 2 years, 5 years, and 10 years was 28%, 15%, 11%, respectively, in patients who did not receive PCI and 45%, 24%, 17%, respectively, in patients who did receive PCI (P = <.001). On multivariate analysis of cause‐specific and overall survival, age at diagnosis, sex, grade, extent of primary disease, size of disease, extent of lymph node involvement, and PCI were found to be significant (P = <.001). The hazards ratios for disease‐specific and all cause mortality were 1.13 and 1.11, respectively, for those not receiving PCI.

CONCLUSIONS:

Significantly improved overall and cause‐specific survival was observed in patients treated with prophylactic cranial irradiation on unadjusted and adjusted analyses. This study concurs with the previously published European experience. Prophylactic cranial irradiation should be considered for patients with limited stage small cell lung cancer. Cancer 2009. © 2008 American Cancer Society.     

溃疡性结肠炎中医病因病机探要

从病因(六淫邪气、饮食不节、情志失调)对溃疡性结肠炎病因病机作了探讨。指出:湿热内阻、脾胃虚弱是溃疡性结肠炎的发病机制,瘀血内阻、积滞不通是溃疡性结肠炎反复发作的病理基础,与肾关系密切。其标在脾,本在肾。肝脾气亏虚为发病之本,湿热邪毒为致病之标。     

3D MEDIC和3D SPACE 磁共振神经成像在腰骶丛神经根的一致性对比研究

目的 验证三维多回波数据联合成像 (three dimensional multi-echo data imagine combination with selective water excitation, 3D MEDIC WE)和三维快速自旋回波成像 (three dimensional sampling perfection with application optimized contrasts by using different flip angle evolution, 3D SPACE STIR) 序列在腰骶丛神经根成像中的可行性和重复性。方法 将55例受试者分为腰椎无异常表现的正常对照组(20例)、单纯性腰椎间盘突出症(lumbar disc herniation, LDH)组(20例)和慢性炎性脱髓鞘性多发性神经根神经病症(chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy, CIDP)组(15例),分别应用两种腰骶丛神经根成像,评价图像质量参数信噪比(signal to noise ratio,SNR)、对比噪声比(contrast to noise ratio,CNR)和对比度(contrast ratio,CR),并验证正常对照组、CIDP组和LDH组测量神经根直径的一致性。结果 两序列测得神经根直径的一致性较高(正常组r=0.95,CIDP组r=0.99,LDH组r=0.97,P<0.001),图像质量评价指标显示,3D SPACE STIR序列在SNR、CNR和CR三项指标中占优,3D MEDIC WE定性评估图像质量评分较高。两序列均能清晰显示正常腰骶丛神经根、病变所致的弥漫性形态增粗神经根以及间盘突出受挤压变形的神经根。结论 3D MEDIC WE和3D SPACE STIR序列可应用于腰骶丛神经根成像,两序列对正常和异常形态、走行的神经根评估具备很高的可行性和重复性。综合考量临床图像的定性、定量评价,可择优选择恰当的序列为腰骶丛神经根成像提供影像支持。     

相火致病理论探讨

相火致病理论是以相火学说为基础,结合临床观察,经归纳梳理而提出了从相火角度探讨发病机制的医学假说。文章首先简述相火理论发展历史,然后分别从相火含义、致病因素、致病原理、治疗思路四个方面阐明了相火致病理论的观点。