Additive effects of earthworm extract with HpD-laser on the enhancement of reactive oxygen production and the inhibition of[~3H]—thymidine.uptake in mouse ascitic tumor cells

The effects of combined use of earthworm extract(912)and HpD-laser on the produc-tion of reactive oxygen and the biosynthesis of DNA in S_(180) tumor cells were studied throughchemiluminescence measurement and[~3H]-TdR incorporation assay.The results showed that as com-pared with the control,the intensity of chemiluminescence emitted by tumor cells treatedsimultaneously with 912 and HpD-laser was enhanced more than ten-folds,while that treated with912 or HpD-laser alone was increased only 2～4 folds.The[~3H]-TdR incorporation into tumorcells of the former group was inhibited upto 74.1%,and that of the latter groups decreased onlyby 42.2% and 40.0%,respectively.In accordance with these biochemical changes,the ultrastructuraldamage of tumor cells of the former,combinedly treated group appeared to be the most serious.This suggests an additive effect of 912 with HpD-laser on tumor cells.In addition,if free radicalscavengers,such as catalase and superoxide dismutase,were added to the reaction systembefore chemiluminescence assay,the luminescent enhancement effect mentioned above was dramaticallyalleviated,implying the presence of O_2~ and H_2O_2 in the system.Therefore,as to the toxic effecton tumor cells,912 and HpD-laser are not only additive in efficiency,but also similar in theunderlying mechanism of action.     

Viral infections in the mouth

Oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL) and Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) are commonly encountered in the HIV-infected patient. A unique feature of OHL is non-cytolytic high level of replication of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) in the glossal epithelium. The expression of viral-encoded anti-apoptotic proteins concomitant to replicative proteins probably underlies this phenomenon. The question of whether OHL arises from activation of EBV latent in the tongue, or from superinfection by endogenous EBV shed via non-glossal sites or by exogenous EBV remains unresolved. Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8) is now seen as necessary but not sufficient cause of KS. Expression of HHV8-encoded oncogenic proteins in endothelial cells probably explains the aberrant proliferation of these cells in KS lesions. Studies into why KS is so commonly observed at the palate in HIV-infected patients may provide important clues to its pathogenesis.     

Leiomyosarcoma of the vagina: case report and literature review

Leiomyosarcoma of the vagina is quite rare. Extensive search of the literature discloses 137 case reports published over the past 40 years. Collectively, these reports give only cursory guidelines for diagnosis, management, and prognosis. We add another case to the sparse literature on leiomyosarcoma of the vagina. Treatment consisted of surgical excision. Tumor was found to extend to the margin of the excised specimen. The malignancy quickly recurred with lung metastases and the patient died. The very poor prognosis associated with this lesion emphasizes the critical need for early diagnosis and expeditious therapy. In the interest of improving salvage by prompt recognition and intervention, it is important for health-care professionals to be knowledgeable about and alert to this condition.     

钩吻对环磷酰胺化疗小鼠的造血保护作用

用钩吻乙醇粗提物对小鼠肉瘤１８０（Ｓ１８０）生长抑制实验结果表明，其对Ｓ１８０无明显抑制作用，也未显示出能增强环磷酰胺（Ｃｙ）的抗瘤效应，但能明显减慢Ｃｙ化疗所致白细胞下降的速度和减轻白细胞降低的程度。提示钩吻对Ｃｙ化疗小鼠的造血功能具有保护作用。     

腺泡状软组织肉瘤13例临床病理和免疫组织化学研究

作者对13例腺泡状软组织肉瘤进行临床病理观察,并对其中组织形态较典型的7例作抗结蛋白、抗肌红蛋白、抗S-100蛋白抗体及神经细胞特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)等免疫组化研究.结果免疫组化7例中阳性者抗结蛋白5例,抗肌红蛋白8例,NSE4例,S-100蛋白均为阴性。作者结合文献复习提出了该瘤的诊断要点及其鉴别诊断,并对其组织发生学进行了讨论。     

腹腔镜改良性腹膜后淋巴清除术治疗临床Ⅰ期睾丸非精原细胞瘤

目的:探讨腹腔镜改良性腹膜后淋巴清除术初步经验,评估其手术可行性和近期临床疗效。方法:2004年10月~2006年7月,对7例临床诊断为Ⅰ期睾丸非精原细胞瘤患者,施行了经腹腔途径腹腔镜改良性腹膜后淋巴清除术,年龄26~36岁,平均年龄为30岁,睾丸肿瘤大小为3.0 cm×2.5 cm×2.0 cm~6.5 cm×4.5 cm×3.0 cm,左侧3例,右侧4例,均通过B超、腹膜后CT、胸片检查,并施行了根治性睾丸切除和病理证实。术后淋巴结阳性患者施行了3个疗程的化疗。结果:7例均获得成功,无1例改开放手术。手术时间为120~210 min,平均160 min,手术失血量50~200 ml,平均150 ml,均未输血。术后1~3 d肛门排气,于1~2 d拔除引流管;术后平均住院时间5.5 d。病理报告6例均无转移性淋巴结,其中1例为1/18淋巴结转移,术后无明显并发症。随访6~32个月,平均14个月,阴茎勃起功能良好,射精功能正常。定期复查血hCG、AFP均阴性,B超复查均未发现腹膜后淋巴结,胸片表现均正常。其中淋巴结阳性1例患者术后接受3个疗程的辅助化疗,随访6个月,无瘤存活。结论:腹腔镜改良性腹膜后淋巴清除术具有损伤小、并发症少、术后恢复快等特点,可以代替传统开放手术。     

后腹膜神经节细胞瘤的CT和MR诊断(附1例报告与文献复习)

目的分析后腹膜神经节细胞瘤的CT和MR表现。方法回顾性分析1例经手术证实的后腹膜神经节细胞瘤患者的肿瘤的CT和MR表现,并作文献复习。结果肿块边界清楚,CT平扫表现为均一的低密度,并且其中可以看见小点状钙化。增强扫描延迟期可见进行性不均一的强化。MRT2WI上呈不均一的高信号,T1WI上表现为低信号。增强MR扫描呈轻度强化。结论在后腹膜肿瘤的鉴别诊断中神经节细胞瘤是一种较少见的肿瘤,它常常表现为边界清的肿块,并且具有包绕周围大血管生长的倾向。CT平扫为低密度,增强扫描在CT和MR上均表现为延迟期进行性的增强。     

Cerebrospinal fluid cytology in granulocytic sarcoma with meningeal extension but without bone marrow involvement

Granulocytic sarcoma (GS) is a localized tumour of immature granulocytes that is usually associated with myelogenous leukaemia. We report an unusual case of mastoid GS with meningeal extension but no bone marrow involvement on presentation. Histological examination of the surgical specimen and the characteristic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology showing cytoplasmic granulations and Auer bodies led to the diagnosis of GS. Positive cytochemical staining of the immature CSF cells for naphtol-ASD chloroacetate esterase and myeloperoxidase confirmed their myeloid origin. Immunophenotyping did not reveal common acute lymphoblastic leukaemia antigen, cytokeratin, T or B-cell antigens. The patient underwent surgical resection of the localized tumour, followed by radiation therapy, intrathecal and systemic chemotherapy, as if he had acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML). He did not develop AML in the 21 months after the tumour resection. This case emphasizes the value of CSF cytological examination of tumour cells and the use of an immumocytochemical marker for differentiating GS from malignant lymphoma.     

Lack of Allelic Preference in Amplification and Loss of the c-myc Oncogene in Methylcholanthrene-induced Mouse Sarcomas

Sarcomas were induced in Fl mice between C57BL/6N and C3H/He strains by subcutaneous injection of methylcholanthrene. The c-myc oncogene was found to be amplified in 16 cases among 43 sarcomas of C57BL/6N × C3H/He mice and 1 case among 5 sarcomas of the reciprocal cross. The origin of the amplified allele was determined by the polymerase chain reaction single strand conformation polymorphism analysis. Among the 17 sarcomas, only one had both of the alleles amplified. The rest of the tumors carried the amplified c-myc allele coming either from C57BL/6N (9 cases) or from C3H/He (8 cases). These results indicate that the c-myc allele is amplified randomly in methylcholanthrene-induced mouse sarcomas irrespective of its origin, such as paternal or maternal allele and C57BL/6N or C3H/He allele. In addition to these changes, the unamplified c-myc oncogene was found to be lost in 12 cases out of the 17 sarcomas with the amplification.     

Classification and diagnostic criteria for oral lesions in HIV infection

A consensus has been reached on the classification of the oral manifestations of HIV infection and their diagnostic criteria, based on presumptive and definitive criteria. The former relate to the initial clinical appearance of the lesion and the latter are often the result of special investigations. Candidiasis, hairy leukoplakia, specific forms of periodontal disease [linear gingival erythema, necrotising-(ulcerative) gingivitis and necrotising(ulcerative) periodontitis], Kaposi's sarcoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma are strongly associated with HIV infection. Lesions less commonly associated with HIV infection and lesions seen in HIV infection, but not indicative of the disease, are also listed.