Anterior Tibial Artery Pseudoaneurysm in a Patient with Hemophilia: A Complication of Ankle Arthroscopy

Arterial pseudoaneurysm formation as a complication of ankle arthroscopy is extremely rare. We present a case of anterior tibial artery pseudoaneurysm identified 10 days after ankle arthroscopy in a patient with hemophilia. The diagnosis was confirmed with a duplex ultrasound scan. The patient was referred to the vascular surgeon and underwent evacuation of the hematoma, resection of the damaged segment of the artery, and reconstruction with a reversed long saphenous vein interposition graft. The patient had an uneventful recovery after the second surgery. The prevention of this complication in patients with hemophilia is discussed, as well as diagnosis and management. Preventative measures include careful dissection while making the portals, preoperative mapping of the artery with a duplex or a handheld Doppler in patients with coagulopathy, and performance of open rather than arthroscopic surgery to excise large osteophytes.     

Popliteal Pseudoaneurysm After Total Knee Arthroplasty Secondary to Intraoperative Arterial Injury With a Surgical Pin : Review of the Literature

Pseudoaneurysms of the popliteal artery after total knee arthroplasty are rare. Although many possible explanations are proposed in the literature, no intimate mechanism of injury to the artery is previously described. We report on a case of popliteal pseudoaneurysm after a total knee arthroplasty that presented clinically on the second postoperative day. Open vascular surgery with resection of the pseudoaneurysm and end-to-end bypass of contralateral saphena vein graft was successfully performed. At the time of the surgery, a hole was clearly identified on the anterior wall of the popliteal artery due to a perforation with a pin used during the knee arthroplasty. The patient had no further complications.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

周围动脉医源性假性动脉瘤22例诊治体会

目的 探讨采用不同方法治疗不同类型周围动脉医源性假性动脉瘤的临床效果。方法 辽宁省人民医院2010-2013年收治周围动脉医源性假性动脉瘤病人22例,根据假性动脉瘤直径及破口的大小及有无感染,将假性动脉瘤分为对Ⅰ、Ⅱa、Ⅱb以及Ⅲ型,15例Ⅰ型病人(假性动脉瘤直径<3cm)采用制动、弹力绷带加加压包扎治疗;2例Ⅱa型病人(直径>3 cm破口<２cm)采用球囊临时阻断,凝血酶腔内注射疗法治疗,2例Ⅱb病人（直径>3 cm且破口>2 cm）采用覆膜支架腔内隔绝术;3例Ⅲ型病人（感染性假性动脉瘤）采用覆膜支架腔内隔绝术,一期脓腔清创引流,二期缝合的办法,所有病人随访6～32个月。结果 Ⅰ型15例病人治疗成功14例,1例失败病人给予腔内覆膜支架植入术;Ⅱ型病人均一期封闭;Ⅲ型病人动脉瘤破口均一期封闭,伤口3个月内均愈合。所有病人平均随访22.3个月,无复发、内漏,支架移位、折断等并发症。结论 根据假性动脉瘤不同类型选择治疗的策略,可用最小的代价更有效地治疗假性动脉瘤。     

胶质瘤术后大脑前动脉假性动脉瘤形成的诊治（附1例报告并文献复习）

目的 探讨胶质瘤术后颅内假性动脉瘤形成的临床表现、成因、病理特点、影像学特征、治疗及预后。方法 我们收治1例胶质瘤术后大脑前动脉假性动脉瘤形成的33岁女性患者,因鞍区肿瘤行额部经纵裂入路开颅肿瘤切除术,肿瘤大部切除,术后病理检查显示毛细胞星型细胞瘤（WHO Ⅰ级）。术后12 d,患者突发头痛、恶心呕吐,头部CT检查示术区可见弥散性出血并双侧脑室额角积血,行320-CTA、DSA检查以及3D-DSA与MRI增强影像融合诊断为左侧大脑前动脉A1段假性动脉瘤,利用双微导管技术采用弹簧圈栓塞动脉瘤并孤立局部载瘤动脉。结果 术后DSA复查示假性动脉瘤消失,患者恢复良好,无神经系统功能障碍。考虑假性动脉瘤形成原因为肿瘤侵蚀造成血管壁损害、术中大脑前动脉A1段分支血管断裂所致。结论 肿瘤术后发生颅内假性动脉瘤罕见,短期内可迅速增大,一旦破裂,死亡率及致残率高。对于颅脑肿瘤包裹血管、术中可能有分支血管损伤,术后术区再出血时,应高度警惕假性动脉瘤形成的可能,一旦发现应选择适当的手术方案进行治疗。     

Giant saphenous vein graft pseudoaneurysm to right posterior descending artery presenting with superior vena cava syndrome

Saphenous vein grafts (SVG) pseudoaneurysms, especially giant ones, are rare and occur as a late complication of coronary artery bypass grafting. This condition affects both genders and typically occurs within the sixth decade of life. The clinical presentation ranges from an asymptomatic incidental finding on imaging studies to new onset angina, dyspnea, myocardial infarction or symptoms related to compression of neighboring structures. An 82-year-old woman presented with acute onset back pain, dyspnea and was noted to have significantly engorged neck veins. In the emergency department, a chest computed tomographic angiogram with intravenous contrast revealed a ruptured giant bilobed SVG pseudoaneurysm to the right posterior descending artery (RPDA). This imaging modality also demonstrated compression of the superior vena cava (SVC) by the SVG pseudoaneurysm. Coronary angiogram with bypass study was performed to establish the patency of this graft. Endovascular coiling and embolization of the SVG to RPDA was initially considered but disfavored after the coronary angiogram revealed preserved flow from the graft to this arterial branch. After reviewing the angiogram films, a surgical strategy was favored over a percutaneous intervention with a Nitinol self-expanding stent since the latter would have not addressed the superior vena cava compression caused by the giant pseudoaneurysm. Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiogram demonstrated SVC compression by the giant pseudoaneurysm cranial lobe. Our patient underwent surgical ligation and excision of the giant pseudoaneurysm and the RPDA was regrafted successfully. In summary, saphenous vein grafts pseudoaneurysms can be life-threatening and its therapy should be guided based on the presence of mechanical complications, the patency of the affected vein graft and the involved myocardial territory viability.     

结扎股动脉治疗注射毒品所致假性股动脉瘤体会

目的：探讨结扎股动脉在治疗注射毒品所致假性股动脉瘤中的优缺点方法：运用结扎股动脉术对16例注射毒品所警假性股动脉瘤患者的临床资料进行回顾分析结果：16例患者全部保肢成功,术后复查彩色多普勒显示远端血管充盈。结论：在患者不能采用合适的自体大隐静脉移植及人造血管移植时,股动脉结扎术是治疗注射毒品所致假性股动脉瘤的有效方法之一。     

ViabahnTM自膨式覆膜支架腔内修复注射毒品所致股动脉假性动脉瘤9例

目的 初步探讨ViabahnTM自膨式覆膜支架腔内修复治疗注射毒品所致股动脉假性动脉瘤(PSA)的可行性、安全有效性.方法 回顾性分析2014年4月至2015年4月收治的9例注射毒品所致股动脉PSA患者临床资料,病变位于股总动脉6例,股浅动脉3例,均接受ViabahnTM自膨式覆膜支架腔内修复术.记录术中造影表现、植入支架尺寸和支架植入后即刻造影结果.术后随访观察患者症状改善、瘤腔修复效果及内漏、支架感染、支架内狭窄及断裂情况.支架植入前后均作抗感染治疗,术后对腹股沟区软组织感染区作清创及(或)引流术.结果 9例患者均成功植入ViabahnTM自膨式覆膜支架,技术均获成功,无死亡.所有患者术后即刻造影提示瘤腔完全修复,载瘤动脉远端通畅,无内漏发生.术后6、12个月随访时,所有患者均保肢成功,未出现间歇性跛行及肌肉萎缩、乏力.CTA复查显示无内漏,无支架感染、断裂及支架内狭窄发生.结论 在充分抗感染及局部清创引流条件下,ViabahnTM自膨式覆膜支架能迅速覆盖PSA瘤腔破口,挽救患者生命,其较好的柔顺性、贴附性和通过性减少了术后间歇性跛行及支架断裂、支架内狭窄发生率,有望成为注射毒品所致股动脉PSA患者血管重建方法之一.其远期疗效仍需进一步观察和论证.     

血管腔内治疗注射毒品所致股动脉假性动脉瘤破裂出血

目的 探讨血管腔内覆膜支架成形及弹簧圈栓塞治疗注射毒品所致股动脉假性动脉瘤(FAP)破裂出血的可行性、安全性、有效性.方法 回顾性分析2012年7月至2015年12月收治的32例注射毒品所致FAP破裂出血患者临床资料.患者平均年龄36.5岁,其中男性25例(78.1％).结果 32例患者均成功止血,血管腔内治疗技术成功率100％,围手术期无死亡患者.其中覆膜支架血管腔内修复术25例(78.1％),弹簧圈栓塞股深动脉3例(9.4％),覆膜支架+股深动脉栓塞4例(12.5％).平均随访(17.5±11.6)个月,随访率93.8％(30/32),3年血管支架累积通畅率为90.9％,3年总体生存率为91.3％.结论 血管腔内治疗注射毒品所致FAP破裂出血安全、快速,近中期疗效良好,为急危重症患者赢得二期外科清创修复时间,二期彻底清创是控制感染的重要手段.     

Long-term uterine balloon tamponade for treatment and obliteration of ruptured uterine pseudoaneurysm

Objective

Rupture of uterine artery pseudoaneurysm (UAP) is a life-threatening event after childbirth. Hysterectomy or uterine arterial embolization was often needed for hemostasis. However, such procedures may cause severe morbidities for these women. To estimate the efficacy of uterine balloon tamponade (UBT) for controlling ruptured UAP bleeding, a retrospective analysis in a single teaching hospital was performed.