Ageing and comorbidity among low-income psychiatric outpatients

The objective of this study was to determine if non-psychiatric morbidity increases with age in a group of low-income psychiatric outpatients. Data on demographics, presenting complaints, DSM-III diagnoses and use of psychiatric services were collected on all individuals (N = 382) admitted to a psychiatric outpatient clinic serving low-income population. Non-psychiatric morbidity was identified on the basis of medical history, physical examination, and laboratory investigations. Bivariate analyses were done to determine the significance of the associations of comorbidity with other variables. A logistic regression was done using the presence or absence of comorbidity as the dependent variable. Age was the only variable which was significantly predictive of comorbidity. Additional resources should be allocated for the diagnosis and treatment of comorbidity among low-income elderly.     

Community survey of primary dystonia in the city of Kolkata, India.

An epidemiological study on dystonia has not been reported from India. As part of a major study to find out the prevalence of major neurological disorders in the large urban city of Kolkata, Eastern India, we planned to determine the prevalence of primary dystonia. The study design was a cross-sectional study of a sample population obtained through stratified random selection and conducted in a two-stage procedure of screening by a nonprofessional team followed by confirmation of screened positive cases by the study neurologist. A total population of 52,377 was screened, and 29 subjects with dystonia were diagnosed. Out of them 23 subjects had primary dystonias [crude prevalence rate (CPR), 43.91/100,000; 95% confidence interval (CI), 28.41-64.81; age-standardized rates to world standard population, 49.06 (95% CI,31.74-72.41)] and all cases were focal type and predominantly of limb dystonia variety. Mean onset of dystonias were earlier in women (43.5 years) as compared to men (46.6 years). Thus our study on primary dystonia shows higher prevalence when compared with that of many studies globally, predominantly of focal type, earlier onset among women, and more cases of limb dystonias when compared with more prominent blepharospasm and cervical dystonias in western reports.     

影响同种异体肾移植受者勃起功能障碍的因素与治疗选择

性生活质量是肾移植受者生活质量的重要内容之一,随着肾移植受者存活率的提高,男性受者性生活质量,尤其是勃起功能已经受到医学界和移植肾受者的广泛关注。现有的资料表明男性肾移植受者勃起功能障碍(ED)的患病率为35.8%~78.3%;影响男性受者ED的因素有年龄、透析时间、手术方式、血红蛋白含量、精神心理因素、免疫抑制药物、糖尿病等。在对男性肾移植受者ED的治疗中万艾可是有效、安全的,在口服药物治疗失败后也可选择阴茎海绵体血管活性药物注射或阴茎假体植入术,但是三件套假体应该避免使用。     

佛山市城区集体儿童健康状况调查分析

目的了解佛山市城区集体儿童健康状况,以制定干预措施。方法采用随机整群抽样的方法,抽取本市城区共15间幼儿园,并对各间园所的儿童体检的资料数据进行整理和分析。结果佛山市集体儿童缺点总检出率为71.40%。其中私营幼儿园儿童缺点患病率明显高于事业单位的幼儿园(P<0.05),有显著性差异。儿童骨矿物质测定缺钙的检出率为13.73%。男女儿童无性别差异。结论今后继续加强对幼儿园的管理工作,私营的幼儿园管理工作是我们今后管理工作的重点,做好防治工作,降低患病率,增强儿童的身心健康。     

No significant increase within a 3-year interval in the prevalence of atopic dermatitis among schoolchildren in Baranya County, Hungary

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of atopic dermatitis (AD) in children has significantly increased worldwide in the past decades. Although it is well known that the number of AD patients has also been growing in Hungary, there are only a few published prevalence studies that allow international comparisons. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of AD among schoolchildren in Baranya County in 2005 and to compare the data with those from 2002. METHODS: The data from the 1454 children (771 girls, 683 boys) surveyed in 2002, and 1454 children (760 girls, 694 boys) surveyed in 2005, respectively, aged 7-14 years were analysed. The distinct populations of the 7- to 9-year-old age groups were separately compared in relation to their lifetime AD prevalence. RESULTS: The prevalence of AD accounted for 15.1% in 2002, and 16.1% in 2005. In the compared distinct 7- to 9-year-old populations the prevalence rates were 17.0% in 2002 and 17.1% in 2005. There were no statistically significant differences between the data of the two surveys. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate the high prevalence rate of AD nearly approaching the markedly high values registered in the welfare countries, and could indicate that AD has reached a plateau in Hungary.     

Prevalence of Parkinson's disease in Cantalejo, Spain: a door-to-door survey.

We assessed the prevalence of Parkinson's disease in Cantalejo, Spain. In 1994, we screened 1,579 persons (age > or = 40 years) using a high-sensitivity method. Cases fulfilling established clinical criteria were followed for a minimum of 3 years. Prevalences were compared with those from other door-to-door surveys. We detected 27 individuals with parkinsonism, 20 of whom had Parkinson's disease. The prevalence of Parkinson's disease increased with age and, when age-adjusted to European standards, was 9.01 per 1,000 (age 40 years and over; 10.78 in men and 5.23 in women). Of the 11 men, three were in Hoehn & Yahr grades III-IV, but six of the nine women were more severely affected. Overall, we found 18 newly diagnosed cases of parkinsonism, 13 of which were Parkinson's disease, and the majority of which were in men aged 80 years or older with a mean duration of illness of 5 years. Our prevalence figures are the highest reported, apparently because of the inclusion of several very elderly men. Parkinson's disease in Cantalejo is less severe in men than in women, particularly in those newly diagnosed. Despite the low numbers, the high prevalence and sex-related pattern are unexplained but they probably relate to the high sensitivity of the screening method.     

三次抛物线配合方法在碘缺乏病区居民患病率分析中的应用

<正>在碘缺乏病区,居民甲状腺肿患病率在年鹅分布上的特征,可用二次抛物线加以描述[l].根握资料类型的不同,可选择更为适合的三次抛物线来描述.根据现场调查资料,本文采用三次抛物线方法进行配合,并将配合结果与二     

1078848例妇女普查情况分析及干预措施讨论

目的了解南京地区妇女病普查普治情况，以便有针对性地探讨干预措施。方法采用常规妇女病普查方法．并对资料进行回顾性分析。结果近五年南京城市普查率在85％以上，而农村普查率出现下降趋势；患病率城市明显高于农村，且城乡之间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。每年妇科疾病中宫颈糜烂占居首位，宫颈癌、卵巢癌、性病的患病率均呈上升趋势，而乳腺癌呈下降趋势。结论妇女病普查普治工作应明确规定承担妇女病普查职责的职能机构，规范普查项目及内容，规范妇科疾病的诊治，切实提高妇女病普查普治质量。