Short-term and long-term results after early treatment with the castillo morales stimulating plate

The present study is divided into 2 parts: The first explains the concept of stimulating plate therapy at the Muenster Clinic and the second presents a longitudinal study of mouth and tongue posture in trisomy 21 children treated with this concept.47 children underwent a pre-treatment examination (Rec1), and 38 attended a first follow-up examination (Rec2) after an average of 4 months of stimulating plate treatment. The second follow-up examination (Rec3) was on average 53 months after the end of treatment and covered 18 patients. Data acquisition was based on standardized parent questionnaires and standardized clinical examination records. Rec2 showed in part a highly significant improvement in orofacial appearance. These results were confirmed by the parent interview, according to which the mouth and tongue posture improved in 76.3% of the children during the time they were wearing the plate. Even when the plate was not in place, the result remained stable in 65.8% of the patients. Up to Rec3, further improvement was recorded in some results. The symptoms: mouth mostly wide open and tongue mostly protruding way over lips were reduced. The number of children whose tongue was mostly in the oral cavity increased correspondingly.At Rec3, the parents also rated the mouth posture in 88.9% and the tongue posture in 77.7% of the children as stable or further improved.It can be concluded from the results of this study that stimulating plate treatment in combination with physiotherapy provides a long-term improvement in the mouth and tongue posture of children with Down's syndrome.     

Holladay法计算准分子激光角膜切削术屈光矫正效应的应用

目的　评价计算准分子激光角膜切削术（ＰＲＫ） 矫正近视性屈光不正的角膜屈光力变化量的Ｈｏｌｌａｄｙ 法。 方法　用Ｈｏｌｌａｄａｙ 法计算ＰＲＫ 术后与术前角膜屈光力的差值（ 角膜实矫屈光度） ,并与角膜预矫屈光度进行比较。 结果　（１）Ａ 组：复性近视散光眼术后６ 个月,角膜实矫球镜度欠矫（０ ．４８ ±０ ．１９）Ｄ;角膜实矫散光度过矫３８ ．５ ％ （２５／６５） ,散光欠矫６１ ．５ ％ （４０／６５） ,过矫和欠矫≥±０ ．５０ Ｄ 占４１ ．５ ％ （２７／６５） ;实矫与预矫散光的轴位的差值≤±１５°占６０ ．０ ％ （３９／６５） 。（２）Ｂ 组：单纯近视眼术后６ 个月时,角膜实矫等值球镜度欠矫（０ ．５５ ±０ ．２６） Ｄ;术后６ 个月时产生（０ ．５９ ±０ ．３８）Ｄ 的矫正近视散光的效应,其中≥０ ．５０ Ｄ 者占５１ ．２ ％ （２２／４３） ,实矫近视散光轴位均在１８０°－ ４４°～１８０°＋ ４４°之间。 结论　应用Ｈｏｌｌａｄａｙ 公式从球、柱镜度两方面计算ＰＲＫ 的角膜屈光变化效应值,是合理、客观和准确的     

Improvement of brain single photon emission tomography (SPET) using transmission data acquisition in a four-head SPET scanner

Attenuation coefficient maps (-maps) are a useful way to compensate for non-uniform attenuation when performing single photon emission tomography (SPET). A new method was developed to record single photon transmission data and a-map for the brain was produced using a four-head SPET scanner. Transmission data were acquired by a gamma camera opposite to a flood radioactive source attached to one of four gamma cameras in the four-head SPET scanner. Attenuation correction was performed using the iterative expectation maximization algorithm and the-map. Phantom studies demonstrated that this method could reconstruct the distribution of radioactivity more accurately than conventional methods, even for a severely non-uniform-map, and could improve the quality of SPET images. Clinical application to technetium-99m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime (HMPAO) brain SPET also demonstrated the usefulness of this method. Thus, this method appears to be promising for improvement in the image quality and quantitative accuracy of brain SPET.This work was presented in part at the World Congress on Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, 7–12 July 1991, Kyoto, Japan     

Motion artifact reduction with three-point ghost phase cancellation.

A novel method for "ghost" artifact suppression is introduced. It suppresses ghosts induced by motion in any direction, as well as other types of quasi-periodic signal modulation. Because it requires neither special hardware nor intensive data processing, it can be easily implemented on conventional magnetic resonance (MR) imagers. The method is based on the concept of decomposition of a ghosted complex image into a ghost mask and ideal image. A set of deliberately designed acquisitions are used to generate a set of ghosted complex images in which the ghost components are related in a simple manner. With use of equations describing image decomposition and ghost correlation, the ideal image can be calculated pixel by pixel. The ideal image obtained (representing the time-averaged spin-density distribution) is shown to be a truer representation of physical reality than the ghost-free image obtained with ordered phase encoding. In this technique, both interview and intraview effects are taken into account. The technique is also useful in simultaneously suppressing ghosts from multifrequency signal modulations such as respiratory and cardiac motions. The method was successfully tested with three time-interleaved, phase-encoding-order-shifted acquisitions. Experimental results have shown that it is a simple but effective technique.     

骨科下肢侧卧位手术牵引架的研制及临床应用

目的研制并临床验证一种简便、实用、灵活、科学的骨科下肢侧卧位手术牵引架.方法1999年1月～2003年1月采用本手术设备共进行了51例均在侧卧位状态下进行的手术;其中股骨粗隆间骨折23例、股骨粗隆下骨折4例,行DHS22例、Gamma钉5例;股骨中下段骨折24例,行股骨交锁钉3例、梅花钉3例、LCDCP18例.结果采用本手术设备的手术情况是DHS、Gamma钉组的平均手术时间为51±19min、出血量为100士57ml,交锁钉组的手术时间为70±19min、出血量为312±94ml;与常规的仰卧位手术比较P＜0.01,同时方便C-臂X光机透视,尤其是侧位透视.此外,还可运用本手术设备进行股骨中下段骨折的其他各种内固定手术,牵引效能好,方便术区皮肤消毒及术中骨折复位.结论本骨科下肢侧卧位手术牵引架结构简单、零部件少、装卸容易、适应症广、操作方便、利于C-臂X光机透视,术中出血量少、损伤小、手术时间短,具有较好的实用型、先进性、科学性,值得临床推广应用.     

普通额镜下鼻内激光泪囊鼻腔造孔术治疗慢性泪囊炎

报告在普通额镜下以YAG激光经鼻腔行泪囊鼻腔造孔术，治疗慢性泪囊炎患者37例（45眼），经3～24个月的随访观察，泪道阻塞均解除，有效率为95．6％，治愈率为88．9％。本手术具有损伤小，操作简便，快捷，术后反应轻，并发症少等优点。并对手术方法及影响疗效的因素进行了探讨。     

An improved technique for the extraction of stochastic parameters from stabilograms

An improved characterization of the dynamics of postural sway can provide a better understanding about the functional organization of the postural control system as well as a more robust tool for postural pattern recognition. To this aim, a novel parameterization was applied to the stabilogram diffusion analysis formerly proposed by Collins and De Luca [Collins JJ, De Luca CJ. Open-loop and closed-loop control of posture: a random-walk analysis of center-of-pressure trajectories. Exp Brain Res 1993;95:308–18] that considered the act of maintaining posture as a stochastic process. The main purpose of the present technique was to overcome some drawbacks of the model presented by Collins and De Luca that may restrain its potential application in clinical practice. The approach uses a unique non-linear model to describe the center of pressure (COP) dynamics that reduces the number of parameters and decreases their intra-subject variability; consequently, fewer trials are required to perform reliable estimates of stochastic parameters and this is of particular importance for subjects that cannot afford many repeated measurements because of age or pathology. Four new statistical mechanics parameters (NSMP) were computed on the log–log stabilogram diffusion plots and their estimates were compared in terms of reliability and sensitivity to the visual conditions with: (1) a minimal set of four summary statistic scores (SSS); and (2) the six statistical mechanics parameters (SMP) proposed by Collins and De Luca. All four NSMP showed at least a fair-to-good reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC>0.49) while SMP (ICC>0.20) showed some poor reliability. A better overall reliability was also observed with respect to SSS. Moreover, only NSMP had a similar score for eyes open and eyes closed conditions. Three out of four NSMP were also significantly sensitive to eyes open or closed conditions (P<0.001) while only three out of six SMP were sensitive to operating conditions (P<0.01).     

超声医学图像灰度校正方法的改进

介绍了超声医学图像灰度校正常用方法的基本原理,这些方法主要有灰度级校正、灰度变换及直方图修正。对广泛应用且效果较好的直方图均衡化法作了较详细阐述,并针对其对于局部细节增强不显著及不具交互特征等缺点提出了改进方法,并将几种灰度校正方法级联起来对超声图像进行处理,实现了有选择地增强某个灰度值范围对比度的功能,增强了超声诊断图像的实用性。     

儿童频繁性眨眼101例的矫治效果

目的:观察分析综合疗法矫治儿童频繁眨眼的疗效。方法:采用心理疗法、药物、手术等去除病因后,均给以针灸等综合疗法,治疗频繁眨眼患儿101例(202眼)。结果:在去除病因后均在心理治疗的诱导下,针刺新明II、攒竹、四白穴,针刺2次频繁眨眼症状消失者68例(67.3%),5次治愈者31例(30.6%),10次治愈者2例(1.4%)。结论:综合疗法是矫治儿童频繁眨眼的有效方法。     

角膜屈光性手术后的屈光矫正

目的：探讨角膜屈光性手术后视力低下的原因及屈光矫正方法。方法：对施行RK、PRK、LASIK术后来我中心寻求进一步视力矫正的48例86只眼，经裂隙灯、电脑验光、角膜曲率仪、计算机辅助的角膜地形图、对比敏感度检查，以及主、客观验光，分析其视力下降、矫正不良的原因，并探讨选择框架眼镜、各种设计的软性接触镜(SCL)和透气性硬性接触镜(RGPCL)，以及角膜矫形镜(Ortho-K CL)等进行屈光再矫正的效果和特点。结果：28只眼并发圆锥角膜，95．8％视力≤0．1，全部利用不同设计的RGPCL矫正，70．8％矫正视力≥0．8。16只眼为高度近视、高度散光，86．2％视力≤0．1，利用RGPCL，SCL和Ortho-K CL矫正，76．5％矫正视力≥0．8。34只近视、散光眼和5只远视、散光眼，60．0％～61．8％视力低于0．4，利用框架眼镜和各类接触镜矫正，80．0％以上获得良好矫正视力。另有3只眼RK术后因遭撞击致角膜裂伤后形成角膜白斑，均选用加虹膜色彩的接触镜矫正。结论：RK、PRK、LASIK术后视力低下的主要原因是医源性圆锥角膜和高度近视、高度散光。积极选择验配各类适宜的接触镜可显著提高视力，RGPCL最为有效。