中药气雾剂产品的现状与前景

通过检索国内外相关的科技期刊和中药气雾剂产品的最新动向,综述中药气雾剂品种的现状和最新进展,为中药气雾剂未来的开发和应用提供支持。中药气雾剂技术呈现缓慢发展的状况,但不乏个别表现突出的品种。     

Socioeconomic,psychological and demographic determinants of Australian baby boomers' financial planning for retirement

Aim: Research from around the Western World has shown that psychological, socioeconomic and demographic factors can influence levels of financial planning. This study aims to determine how these factors interrelate to predict planning outcomes. Method: Data from the Ageing Baby Boomers in Australia Study were used to examine the effects of multiple factors on financial planning for 709 employed Australians nearing retirement. Results: The results showed that higher income, future time perspective (FTP) and financial knowledge independently predicted levels of retirement planning. The effects of FTP and financial knowledge on financial planning were consistent across levels of socioeconomic status. Conclusions: While similar issues in financial planning appeared across socioeconomic status, a ‘one size fits all’ approach to retirement policy may not be effective. Instead, policy should be targeted towards the diverse needs of different groups. Raising public awareness of FTP and financial knowledge may provide a useful starting point.     

Learning others' point of view: perspective taking and prosocial behaviour in preschoolers

Perspective taking, defined as the ability to assume another's perspective, can be considered a multidimensional construct which is composed of three different components: cognitive, visual and affective. This study wanted to verify the possibility of promoting perspective taking in preschoolers using ecological training. The maintenance of children's acquired abilities after six months was also assessed. Subsequently, analyses were conducted to examine if a possible increase in these competences could positively influence prosocial disposition and determine a decrease of aggressiveness. The design was a pre-test/post-test quasi-experimental procedure with independent samples: an experimental and a control group, each one with 30 children aged 3–5. Results showed a significant improvement in most of the investigated areas after the training, confirming the possibility of promoting perspective taking abilities. Moreover, children with greater perspective taking skills were also more inclined to behave in a prosocial way during peer interactions. Furthermore, these changes were persistent at the follow-up session six months later.     

全员育人视角下医学院校行政管理人员育人功能探析

在全员育人的视角下,行政管理人员对于大学生的育人作用不容忽视.基于德商理念的有关探讨并结合医学院校学生的特点,行政管理人员需要明确自身职责和定位,增强育人和服务意识,为学生做出良好的行为示范,充分发挥其育人功能.     

Patients' and nurses' perspectives on oxygen therapy: a qualitative study

Title.  Patients' and nurses' perspectives on oxygen therapy: a qualitative study.
Aim.  This paper is a report of a study to describe patients' and nurses' perspectives on oxygen therapy.
Background.  Failure to correct significant hypoxaemia may result in cardiac arrest, need for mechanical ventilation or death. Nurses frequently make clinical decisions about the selection and management of low-flow oxygen therapy devices. Better understanding of patients' and nurses' experiences of oxygen therapy could inform clinical decisions about oxygen administration using low-flow devices.
Methods.  Face-to-face interviews with a convenience sample of 37 adult patients (17 cardio-thoracic: 20 medical surgical) and 25 intensive care unit nurses were conducted from February 2007 to September 2007. Interviews were audio-taped, transcribed verbatim and then analysed using a thematic analysis approach.
Findings.  The patients identified three key factors that underpinned their compliance with oxygen therapy: (i) device comfort; (ii) ability to maintain activities of daily living; and (iii) therapeutic effect. The nurses identified factors, such as: (i) therapeutic effect, (ii) issues associated with compliance, (iii) strategies to optimize compliance, (iv) familiarity with device, (v) triggers for changing oxygen therapy devices, as being key to the effective management of oxygen therapy.
Conclusion.  Differences between the patients' and nurses' perspective of oxygen therapy illustrate the variety of factors that impact on effective oxygen administration. Further research should seek to provide a further in-depth understanding of the current oxygen administration practices of nurses and the patient factors that enhance or hinder effectiveness of oxygen therapy. Detailed information about nurse and patient factors that influence oxygen therapy will inform a sound evidence base for nurses' oxygen administration decisions.     

A Turkish perspective on nutrition education and preschool children

Preschool education is extremely limited in Turkey, suggesting an absence of public recognition of its importance and a lack of state support. In the 'VI. Five Years Development Plan', it was exposed that the target in preschool education could not be reached. Especially, regional differences played an important role. According to population and health research in Turkey in 1998 for those under the age of five, the prevalence of stunted growth among children was 16%. Since children's physical and mental developments depend on a nutritious diet, it is emphasized that nutrition education must be diffuse and organized education for both children and their families. At the universities in Turkey, the faculties of education graduate the preschool education teachers. The syllabus of these departments shows that nutrition education is given to the students. Especially, during the early years when children are sensitive and are captive listeners and when habits are formed, nutrition education is a must in the formation of health-promoting nutritional concepts and behaviours. Nutrition education can change behavioural risk factors, and target existing eating patterns, food preparation, and choosing specific types of food.     

The Role of Evidence in Health Policy Making: A Normative Perspective

Assessment of evidence is becoming a centralpart of health policy decisions – not least inlimit setting decisions. Limit-settingdecisions can be defined as the withholding ofpotentially beneficial health care. Thisarticle seeks to explore the value choicesrelated to the use of evidence in limit-settingdecisions at the political level. To betterspecify the important but restricted role ofevidence in such decisions, the value choicesof relevance are discussed explicitly. Fourcriteria are often considered when settinglimits:1. The severity of disease if untreated or treatedby standard care2. The effectiveness of the new technology3. The cost-effectiveness of the new technology4. The quality of evidence on (1)–(3)The production and assessment of evidence isimportant for each criterion, but severalpoints are identified where the practice ofevidence-based medicine could be furtherdeveloped to capture a broader spectrum ofethical and political concerns that suchdecisions naturally evoke among citizens.