医药企业社会责任管理者认知与履行情况的相关分析——基于消费者视角

通过对16家医药企业的实地调研,对消费者层面的医药企业社会责任管理者认知与履行情况进行实证分析,研究表明认知与行为之间存在显著的正的相关关系,管理者的认知对企业履行社会责任有着很大的推动作用,认为政府要不断加强医药企业法律法规建设,增强监管力度,建立适合我国国情的医药企业社会责任评价体系,企业要不断提高管理者自身修养,加强企业社会责任培训.     

Avancées thérapeutiques majeures et nouvelles perspectives en onco-hématologie

Hematology Oncology has a rich history including few crucial therapeutic innovations. These were possible because of the evolution of the cell and molecular biology allowing a better understanding of basic mechanisms of cancerogenesis. We propose here to summarize the most important therapeutic innovations since the beginning of Hematology/Oncology history. We also describe evolution of therapeutic strategies themselves. New insights and therapeutic perspectives for next future are also discussed.     

全新视角透视口腔黏膜组织工程

口腔黏膜组织工程主要应用于修复因肿瘤切除、牙周病、外伤等导致的软组织缺损.以前的组织工程研究主要围绕上皮细胞培养方法的发展以及结缔组织支架材料的研发开展,本文将对口腔黏膜组织工程替代物的培养模式、支架结构、基质功能及临床应用进行综述,展示组织工程的新视角及口腔黏膜组织工程的新应用.     

儿童隐匿阴茎改良Devine术后常见并发症及处理

目的:探讨改良Devine术治疗儿童隐匿型阴茎的术后常见并发症及处理方法,为儿童隐匿型阴茎治疗后得到更好的预后提供依据。方法:选取2014年12月至2015年12月前往我院接受治疗的82例儿童隐匿阴茎患者作为研究对象,在征得所有患者家属知情同意下均对其实施改良Devine术治疗,观察其并发症的发生率,以及采用相关手段进行并发症的处理,观察其效果。结果:82例患儿手术均获得成功,平均长度增加(2.7±0.6)cm;术后近期并发症15例,发生率为18.29%,分别为伤口渗血血肿、勃起疼痛以及包皮水肿等,未出现皮瓣坏死和尿瘘等并发症;术后远期并发症共18例,发生率为21.95%,分别为包皮赘生、阴茎皮肤分布不均、系带残留过多、阴茎周围皮肤瘢痕赘生以及复发等。结论:改良Devine术治疗儿童隐匿型阴茎效果显著,术后最常见的并发症为阴茎包皮顽固性水肿,临床医师需要严格掌握手术的适应症,选择恰当的手术,且需要经验丰富。     

Participant report of therapist-delivered active ingredients in a telephone-delivered brief motivational intervention predicts taking steps towards change

Objective: Given the widespread potential for disseminating Motivational Interviewing (MI) through technology, the question of whether MI active ingredients are present when not delivered in person is critical to assure high treatment quality. The Participant Rating Form (PRF) was developed and used to evaluate therapist-delivered active ingredients in phone-delivered MI with hazardous drinking Emergency Department patients. Method: A factor analysis of all PRFs completed after receiving one call (n?=?256) was conducted. Multiple regression analysis was used to examine whether PRF factors predicted a measure of motivation to change – taking steps – at the second call (n?=?214). Results: The majority of participants were male (65%), with a mean age of 32 years and with an average alcohol ASSIST (Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test) score of 20.5 (SD?=?7.1). Results of the factor analysis for the PRF revealed Relational (working collaboration) and Technical (MI behaviours) factors. After controlling for demographics, alcohol severity and baseline readiness, the technical factor predicted self-report of increased taking steps towards change while the relational factor did not explain any additional variance. Conclusions: Our study adds to the growing literature investigating patient perspectives of therapist skill as a source of information to better understand MI active ingredients. The PRF is a feasible instrument for measuring the patient’s experience of phone-based MI. Results indicate that MI active ingredients of change (relational and technical components) were present in the telephone intervention as hypothesized. Clinical Trial Registration # 01326169.     

What do people appreciate in physicians' communication? An international study with focus groups using videotaped medical consultations

Background

The literature shows that the quality of communication is usually determined from a professional perspective. Patients or lay people are seldom involved in the development of quality indicators or communication.

Objective

To give voice to the lay people perspective on what constitutes ‘good communication’ by evoking their reactions to variations in physician communication.

Design

Lay people from four different countries watched the same videotaped standardized medical encounters and discussed their preferences in gender‐specific focus groups who were balanced in age groups.

Setting and participants

Two hundred and fifty‐nine lay people (64 NL, 72 IT, 75 UK and 48 BE) distributed over 35 focus groups of 6–8 persons each.

Main variables studied

Comments on doctors'' behaviours were classified by the GULiVer framework in terms of contents and preferences.

Results

Participants prevalently discussed ‘task‐oriented expressions’ (39%: competency, self‐confident, providing solutions), ‘affective oriented/emotional expressions'' (25%: empathy, listening, reassuring) and ‘process‐oriented expressions'' (23%: flexibility, summarizing, verifying). ‘Showing an affective attitude’ was most appreciated (positive percentage within category: 93%, particularly facilitations and inviting attitude), followed by ‘providing solution’ (85%). Among disfavoured behaviour, repetitions (88%), ‘writing and reading’ (54%) and asking permission (42%) were found.

Conclusions

Although an affective attitude is appreciated by nearly everybody, people may vary widely in their communication needs and preferences: what is ‘good communication’ for one person may be disliked or even a source of irritation for another. A physician should be flexible and capable of adapting the consultation to the different needs of different patients. This challenges the idea of general communication guidelines.     

Bioethical perspective of convalescent plasma therapy for COVID-19: A systematic review

Convalescent plasma therapy (CP) has long been used to prevent and treat various infectious diseases before COVID-19 such as SARS, MERS, and H1N1. Because the viral and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 share the similarities between SARS and MERS, CP treatment could be a promising treatment option to save COVID-19. With only low quality medical evidence, but massive media support and a very significant public demand for the use of convalescent plasma for COVID-19, we are now faced with an ethical dilemma. Therefore, this paper uses a structured analysis that focuses on the preferred reporting items for a systematic review of ethical issues regarding the use of Convalescent Plasma Therapy for COVID-19. The use of convalescent plasma must meet the ethical principles of autonomy; such as voluntary, informed consent, and confidentiality. Consideration of the risk-benefit ratio for potential donor recipients also needs to be considered in order to meet the beneficence and non-maleficence principles. The principle of justice also needs to be applied both to donors, donor recipients and health workers, such as determining the priority of donor recipients, due to the increasing demand for convalescent plasma amid the limited circumstances of patients who have recovered from Covid-19 who voluntarily donate.