Understanding the Role of Culture in Domestic Violence: The Ahimsa Project for Safe Families

Domestic violence affects women across all racial, national, social, and economic groups. In particular, immigrant and refugee families are at risk for domestic violence because of their migration history and differences in cultural values and norms. The Ahimsa for Safe Families Project is an innovative collaborative project that addresses domestic violence in immigrant and refugee communities in San Diego. The project is designed to increase awareness of domestic violence among Latino, Somali, and Vietnamese communities and to develop and implement culturally specific programs aimed at each community. Here the authors describe the Project's needs assessment and communitydialogues that guided the development of specific interventions; present the lessons learned; and describe replicable, culturally specific prevention strategies utilized by the Project.     

Scientific Evidence of Interventions Using the Mediterranean Diet: A Systematic Review

The Mediterranean Diet has been associated with greater longevity and quality of life in epidemiological studies, the majority being observational. The application of evidence-based medicine to the area of public health nutrition involves the necessity of developing clinical trials and systematic reviews to develop sound recommendations. The purpose of this study was to analyze and review the experimental studies on Mediterranean diet and disease prevention. A systematic review was made and a total of 43 articles corresponding to 35 different experimental studies were selected. Results were analyzed for the effects of the Mediterranean diet on lipoproteins, endothelial resistance, diabetes and antioxidative capacity, cardiovascular diseases, arthritis, cancer, body composition, and psychological function. The Mediterranean diet showed favorable effects on lipoprotein levels, endothelium vasodilatation, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, antioxidant capacity, myocardial and cardiovascular mortality, and cancer incidence in obese patients and in those with previous myocardial infarction. Results disclose the mechanisms of the Mediterranean diet in disease prevention, particularly in cardiovascular disease secondary prevention, but also emphasize the need to undertake experimental research and systematic reviews in the areas of primary prevention of cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, infectious diseases, age-related cognitive impairment, and cancer, among others. Interventions should use food scores or patterns to ascertain adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Further experimental research is needed to corroborate the benefits of the Mediterranean diet and the underlying mechanisms, and in this sense the methodology of the ongoing PREDIMED study is explained.     

周边虹膜切除术与白内障青光眼联合手术

目的探讨周边虹膜切除术在白内障合并青光眼联合手术中的必要性。方法连续非选择地随机将需行青光眼合并白内障联合手术80例（80眼）分成两组，每组40例，A组白内障青光眼联合手术中按常规进行周边虹膜切除术，B组联合手术中不进行周边虹膜切除术。观察术中、术后并发症及术后视力、眼压，并将数据进行统计学分析。结果未行周边虹膜切除术组术中并发症少，而且术后前房反应较轻；两组术后视力均有不同程度的提高，术后平均服压明显下降，两组间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论在白内障青光眼联合手术中，进行或不进行周边虹膜切除术对手术疗效无明显影响，且不进行周边虹膜切除术可降低术中并发症及手术后反应。     

非穿透性小梁切除联合周边虹膜切除术治疗原发性闭角型青光眼

目的观察非穿透性小梁切除联合周边虹膜切除术治疗原发性闭角型青光眼的临床效果。方法对15例18眼原发性开角型青光眼患者行非穿透性小梁切除联合周边虹膜切除术,术中应用丝裂霉素C,术后观察视力、前房反应、眼压、滤过泡情况,随访6月。结果15例18眼术前眼压23.3~48.7mmHg,平均(36.8±11.6)mmHg(1kPa=7.5mmHg),术后1d(6.2±2.6)mmHg(4.2~8.3mmHg),术后1周(7.3±3.5)mmHg(4.6~10.8mmHg),术后2周(9.6±4.2)mmHg(8.2~14.0mmHg),术后1月(12.7±4.7)mmHg(8.5~15.6mmHg),术后2月(11.5±4.2)mmHg(8·0~14.8mmHg),术后3月(12.2±4.4)mmHg(8.0~16·2mmHg),术后4月(11.9±4.6)mmHg(8.0~15·8mmHg),术后5月(12.3±5.4)mmHg(8.2~17.7mmHg),术后6月(14.6±6.1)mmHg(8.5~20.7mmHg)。术后视力均达到或高于术前水平。18眼均有功能型滤泡。术中、术后均未出现浅前房及前房炎症反应。1例术中少量前房出血,于术后第1d全部吸收。结论非穿透性小梁切除联合周边虹膜切除术能安全、有效地治疗原发性闭角型青光眼。     

糖尿病视网膜病变粘附分子表达与白细胞粘附的干预性研究进展

糖尿病视网膜病变是糖尿病的重要微血管并发症之一,其发病机制复杂,尚未完全阐明。近年来研究发现白细胞和粘附分子在糖尿病性视网膜病变的病理发生过程中起重要作用。本研究就糖尿病时白细胞和粘附分子表达异常、对视网膜的损害及干预性药物治疗等方面进行了综述。     

前列地尔治疗糖尿病周围神经病变的疗效和安全性

目的:观察前列地尔治疗糖尿病周围神经病变的效果和安全性。方法:102例合并周围神经病变的住院糖尿病患者,随机分成2组,观察组50例应用前列地尔10μg/d静脉滴注治疗,对照组52例应用血栓通20ml/d静脉滴注治疗。治疗2周后比较两组周围神经病变症状改善率。结果:前列地尔组麻木、疼痛、感觉减退和发凉的好转率分别为91.1%、95.0%、90.0%和84.0%,明显高于血栓通组的70.0%、72.1%、66.7%和57.1%(均P<0.05),并且无明显不良反应。结论:前列地尔对于糖尿病周围神经病变症状有显著改善作用,安全性较好。     

自体外周血干细胞移植治疗扩张型心肌病

目的评价动员后自体外周干细胞(PBSC)经冠状动脉移植治疗扩张型心肌病的临床疗效和安全性。方法8例确诊扩张型心肌病患者,予rhGCSF300μg皮下注射,每日1次,进行PBSC动员,第6天用血细胞分离机分离PBSC,进行经皮经腔冠状动脉内移植PBSC。随访观察6个月,包括临床、二维超声心动图、24h动态心电图、48h持续心电监护。结果8例患者细胞移植手术均成功、安全,未出现并发症和不良反应。CD34阳性细细胞计数为0.16%～0.89%。术后3个月,患者心功能恢复至Ⅰ、Ⅱ级。术后6月,超声检查显示左心室射血分数(LVEF)从(37.86±6.29)%增加至(65.25±6.32)%,差异有显著性(t=10.71,P<0.001),左心室短轴缩短率(FS)从(19.38±3.02)%增加至(34±3.7)%,差异有显著性(t=9.98,P<0.001)。左心房内径(LAD)、左心室舒张末内径(LVDd)均有不同程度缩小。结论采用动员后的PBSC移植治疗扩张型心肌病安全、有效,可显著改善左心室收缩功能。     

不同直径自体神经移植效果的比较研究

目的　建立不同直径鼠自体神经移植模型,探讨在自体神经移植中神经直径对移植效果的影响。方法　将4 0只SD大鼠随机分成A、B、C、D 4组,均造成右侧坐骨神经缺损模型,分别用自体坐骨神经、桡神经、正中神经、尺神经进行修复。术后4周、6周,各组分别取5只动物观察足部溃疡情况,记录运动神经传导速度,取神经组织镜下观察神经再生情况。结果　术后6周神经再生较术后4周好(P <0 .0 1) ,而A、B、C、D各组间无显著性差异(P >0 .0 5 )。术后的时间与移植神经的直径之间无交互作用(P >0 .0 5 )。结论　粗神经移植在神经冲动的电传导上占优势,而细神经移植段能够优先获得良好的血供,并不能简单地认为越粗越好或越细越好,临床上应根据具体病情来选择供体神经的粗细。     

灯盏细辛注射液对2型糖尿病并发末梢神经炎血液流变学与血脂改变的影响

[目的]观察分析灯盏细辛注射液治疗2型糖尿病并发末梢神经炎的血液流变学及血脂变化。[方法]治疗组应用灯盏细辛注射液滴注,对照组应用氢溴酸山莨菪硷注射滴注,观察临床症状、血液流变学、血脂、神经传导速度等变化。[结果]治疗组治疗后全血黏度、血球压积、纤维蛋白元明显低于治疗前,有显著性差异,P<0.01;治疗组治疗后甘油三酯(TG)、胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-c)均有降低,有显著性差异P<0.05,高密度脂蛋白(HDL-c)有所增高,但增高不明显P>0.05;治疗组总有效率88.64%,优于对照组,有显著性差异P<0.01;治疗组腓神经运动和感觉传导速度改善明显P<0.05。[结论]灯盏细辛注射液显著改善2型糖尿病并发末梢神经炎患者的血液流变性及脂代谢,治疗2糖尿病并末梢神经炎临床疗效肯定。