全文获取类型
收费全文 | 48117篇 |
免费 | 4150篇 |
国内免费 | 1662篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 338篇 |
儿科学 | 528篇 |
妇产科学 | 1227篇 |
基础医学 | 7959篇 |
口腔科学 | 1277篇 |
临床医学 | 6325篇 |
内科学 | 7373篇 |
皮肤病学 | 245篇 |
神经病学 | 4509篇 |
特种医学 | 3054篇 |
外国民族医学 | 2篇 |
外科学 | 6196篇 |
综合类 | 5213篇 |
现状与发展 | 8篇 |
预防医学 | 2375篇 |
眼科学 | 658篇 |
药学 | 3830篇 |
24篇 | |
中国医学 | 1827篇 |
肿瘤学 | 961篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 110篇 |
2023年 | 774篇 |
2022年 | 1097篇 |
2021年 | 2012篇 |
2020年 | 1964篇 |
2019年 | 1789篇 |
2018年 | 1741篇 |
2017年 | 1739篇 |
2016年 | 1573篇 |
2015年 | 1647篇 |
2014年 | 2663篇 |
2013年 | 3116篇 |
2012年 | 2389篇 |
2011年 | 2586篇 |
2010年 | 2186篇 |
2009年 | 2014篇 |
2008年 | 2089篇 |
2007年 | 2140篇 |
2006年 | 1907篇 |
2005年 | 1595篇 |
2004年 | 1528篇 |
2003年 | 1455篇 |
2002年 | 1172篇 |
2001年 | 1111篇 |
2000年 | 920篇 |
1999年 | 848篇 |
1998年 | 884篇 |
1997年 | 879篇 |
1996年 | 811篇 |
1995年 | 690篇 |
1994年 | 604篇 |
1993年 | 587篇 |
1992年 | 584篇 |
1991年 | 532篇 |
1990年 | 453篇 |
1989年 | 412篇 |
1988年 | 400篇 |
1987年 | 360篇 |
1986年 | 286篇 |
1985年 | 365篇 |
1984年 | 297篇 |
1983年 | 178篇 |
1982年 | 272篇 |
1981年 | 234篇 |
1980年 | 210篇 |
1979年 | 162篇 |
1978年 | 141篇 |
1977年 | 119篇 |
1976年 | 123篇 |
1975年 | 57篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
61.
目的:观察卡托普利(CaP)对自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)血管平滑肌细胞(VSMC)增殖的作用及对原癌基因及抑癌基因的影响。方法:氚-胸腺嘧啶核苷(3H-TdR)参入,电镜,原位来交及Northernblot杂交。结果:CaP在降低SHR血压同时,能减少VSMC的线粒体,粗面内质网及3H-TdR参入量(P<0.01),并能逆转c-fos,c-myc,c-sis原癌基因mRNA表达增强(P<0.05或0.01),p53抑癌基因mRNA表达减弱(P<0.01)。结论:Cap能抑制SHR的VSMC增殖,与癌基因调控的分子生物学机制有关。 相似文献
62.
Allergen content in dust from homes and schools in northern Norway in relation to sensitization and allergy symptoms in schoolchildren 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
L. K. DOTTERUD T. D. VAN B. KVAMMEN† T. DYBENDAL‡ S. ELSAYED E. S. FALK 《Clinical and experimental allergy》1997,27(3):252-261
Background Previous studies have shown a high prevalence of atopic diseases among school children in the community of Sør-Varanger. Moreover, animal dander followed by pollen und house dust mite, were the most common allergens in skin prick tests. Objective To assess the allergen content in homes (living-rooms and mattresses) and classrooms of children living in an arctic area at 70° north. The presence of allergens in homes and schools and their relationship to atopy was of particular interest. Methods Dust samples from 38 homes and seven schools in northern Norway were collected by vacuum cleaning. The presence of allergens of dog, birch, timothy, Cladosporium herbanun, codfish and hen egg-white was investigated by radio-allergosorbent test (RAST) inhibition and the presence of major allergens of cat Felis domesticus (Fel d I) and house dust mites (HDM) Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Derp I) and Dermatophagoides farinae (Derf I) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Mattresses contained significantly more dust per unit area than living-rooms and classrooms. No statistically significant differences in allergen content for dog. birch, timothy, Cladosporium, codfish and hen egg-white were seen between HDM-sensitized and non-atopic children. Most dust samples contained dog allergens with the highest allergenic activity found in living-rooms of those keeping dogs. An increased level of Feld I was detected in only one of 38 samples from living-rooms (this family kept a cat) and in 25 of 38 samples from mattresses with ranges from 24 to 84ng/m2. The highest concentrations were found in mattresses of children keeping cats. Increased levels ( 25 ng/m2) of Derp I were found only in homes and virtually only in mattresses of HDM-sensitized children. An increased level of Derf] was found in only one case, i.e. in the mattress of an HDM-sensitized child where additionally Der p I and HDMs were demonstrated microscopically. When relating Der p I to HDMsensitization an odds ratio of more than 16 (95% Cl: 1.6–394.3) was found. All extracts from living-rooms included codfish allergens. Low RAST inhibition values were detected for hen egg-white, Cladosporium, birch and timothy pollen in most samples. Furthermore, the study demonstrated that dust from schools was relatively free of allergens. Conclusion Previous findings indicating that the main allergen exposure problem in this geographical area is that of pet allergens were confirmed. 相似文献
63.
S. NIKOLOVSKI D. L. FAULKNER T. N. PALMER P. A. FOURNIER 《Acta physiologica (Oxford, England)》1996,157(4):427-434
During recovery from high intensity exercise, substantial and rapid muscle glycogen repletion from endogenous carbon sources is reported in a variety of vertebrate species, the rat being the only reported exception. The major aim of this study was to re-examine the process of glycogen repletion during recovery from high intensity exercise in the rat. In response to 3 min of vigorous swimming, muscle glycogen concentrations decrease markedly from initial levels of 20.2±1.5 and 21.2±0.9 μmol g-1 to 6.4±1.1 and 7.9±1.4 μmol g-1 in the tibialis anterior and plantaris muscles respectively. The equivalent of 58% of the glycogen carbons mobilized during exercise by the plantaris and 73% of that mobilized by the tibialis anterior muscle is repleted within 1 h following exercise. Using the hepatectomized rat as experimental model, a secondary aim of the study was to evaluate whether the liver is essential for the repletion of muscle glycogen. Although the absence of significant differences in the magnitude of post-exercise muscle glycogen repletion between sham-operated and hepatectomized rats suggests that the resynthesis of muscle glycogen can take place in the absence of hepatic gluconeogenesis, the present study identifies several limitations in the use of acute hepatectomy. Overall, the present study indicates that, in contrast to published views, the rat resembles other vertebrates in that it can support extensive muscle glycogen repletion from endogenous carbon sources during the recovery phase following high intensity exercise. 相似文献
64.
Ch. Lenzen N. Roewer F. Wappler A. Köchling M. Steinfath J. Sgholz J. Schulte am Esch 《Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica》1995,39(3):343-346
Dantrolene seems to be the causal therapy in malignant hyperthermia (MH) crisis but the complex mechanisms of MH and dantrolene therapy are still not fully understood. The influence of dantrolene on ryanodine-induced contractures has been reported in animal studies only. In the present study 20 patients from] 7 families were tested for MH using the protocol of the European Malignant Hyperthermia Group. In addition ryanodine-induced contractures were evaluated following bolus application of 10.0 μmol · 1-1 ryanodine. After pretreatment with 1 μimol · 1-1 dantrolene ryanodine-provoked contractures developed significantly later in MHS (15.8±1.8 min) and MHN (46.0±4.2 min) muscle specimens than after ryanodine alone (MHS 4.8±0.7 min), (MHN 13.7±0.9 min). They were no longer observed in either group after pretreatment with 5 μimol · 1-1 dantrolene. We conclude that dantrolene is able to attenuate ryanodine-induced contractures dose-dependendy, and therefore it is speculated that dantrolene could specifically act at the ryanodine receptor binding site. 相似文献
65.
66.
67.
Ofer Binah Irit Rubinstein Arieh Bomzon Ori S. Better 《Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology》1987,335(2):160-165
Summary The effects of sodium salts of various bile acids on the contractile force and the electrophysiological properties of rat ventricular muscle were studied in vitro. Primary, conjugated, and secondary bile acids were studied in a concentration range of 10–9–10–6 mol/l, which corresponds to concentrations found in the plasm of patients with cholestatic jaundice. In general, the bile acid induced a negative inotropic effect which was manifested as a reduction in active tension, maximum rate of tension activation, and maximum rate of tension relaxation. Twitch duration and time to peak tension were unaffected by the bile acids. The negative inotropism was associated with a reduction in ventricular action potential duration. Resting potential, action potential amplitude, and maximum upstroke velocity of phase 0 depolarization were unaffected. Voltage clamp experiments in rat ventricular myocytes demonstrated that sodium taurocholate decreased the slow inward current and slightly increased the outward potassium current. Hence, these effects on the membrane currents are probably responsible for the negative inotropic effect.
Send offprint requests to O. Binah at the above address 相似文献
68.
Yukiko Kaizu Sakae Ohkawa Hiromichi Kumagai 《Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation》2002,17(3):442-448
BACKGROUND: Measurement of muscle mass is useful for evaluating protein nutritional status. Various methods for estimating muscle mass in haemodialysis patients have recently been developed. METHODS: The validity of the estimate of creatinine production calculated with the creatinine kinetic model (CKM) was examined in 46 haemodialysis patients by comparing it with the actual creatinine production, this being determined from the sum of creatinine appearing in the dialysate and the estimated metabolic degradation. The correlation of various other muscle mass indices with creatinine production was also investigated in these patients. RESULTS: The estimate of creatinine production using CKM was significantly correlated with creatinine production calculated from the spent dialysate plus an estimate for the extra-renal creatinine degradation (r=0.90, P<0.001). A Bland-Altman analysis revealed that the mean prediction error for the estimate of creatinine production by CKM was +0.10 g/day and the limits of agreement were +0.34 to -0.14 g/day. The cross-sectional area of the thigh muscle measured by computed tomography (CT) was also significantly correlated with creatinine production (r=-0.86, P<0.01). In contrast, the correlations of 3-methylhistidine production measured in the spent dialysate, the mid-upper arm muscle circumference and the skeletal muscle mass estimated by an anthropometric prediction model with creatinine production were lower (r<0.82). CONCLUSION: Creatinine production calculated using CKM and CT measurement of thigh muscle area are valid methods for estimating muscle mass during routine clinical examinations of haemodialysis patients. 相似文献
69.
'Gliosarcomas' have long been considered to be mixed gliomas and sarcomas. The present study failed to define criteria which clearly delineate 'gliosarcomas' from glioblastoma multiforme and suggests that 'gliosarcomas' should be considered as spindle cell glioblastomas. A total of six cases originally diagnosed as 'gliosarcomas' were compared with four cases of glioblastoma multiforme. No clinical or prognostic features were defined which would clearly separate 'gliosarcomas' from glioblastoma multiforme. Macroscopically, biopsies from 'gliosarcomas' ranged from firm, apparently well-circumscribed tumours to poorly circumscribed lesions with a soft consistency resembling glioblastoma multiforme. Histology revealed a continuous spectrum in which 'gliosarcomas' with large reticulin-rich areas of spindle cells merged with typical glioblastomas containing only small islands of spindle cells and reticulin staining. Immunocytochemistry for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP); S100 protein and alpha-smooth muscle actin (ASMA) showed that the majority of cells in reticulin-poor areas of 'gliosarcoma' and glioblastomas expressed S100 protein and GFAP; many expressed ASMA and some expressed both GFAP and ASMA. Spindle cells in reticulin-rich areas of 'gliosarcomas' and glioblastomas most frequently expressed ASMA but many cells also expressed S100 protein and GFAP; some cells expressed both GFAP and ASMA. The results of this study and a review of the literature suggests that there is a clinical, radiological and pathological continuum with glioblastoma and 'gliosarcoma' at different ends of the spectrum. It is suggested, therefore, that most, if not all, 'gliosarcomas' be redesignated as spindle cell glioblastomas and not be considered as a mixture of glioma and sarcoma. 相似文献
70.
李秋云 《中华实用中西医杂志》2007,20(8):704-704
落枕是一种冬春季常见病,虽然治疗的方法很多,但往往收不到快速、有效和彻底的效果,本文以个案经验和病例调查为基础,提供一种快速有效的自我治疗方法,并期望能够得到广大患者的进一步验证。 相似文献