Comparative study of the prognostic value of nuclear grade and silver-binding nucleolar organizer region in renal cell carcinomas.

Silver-binding nucleolar organizer region (AgNOR) and nuclear grade were histologically assessed in 112 renal cell carcinomas. Nuclear grade was better capable of stratification than AgNOR in terms of survival prediction. It also had prognostic significance when total metastatic rates were evaluated. Although higher mean AgNOR numbers were constantly associated with higher nuclear grades, two arbitrary classifications of AgNOR (less than 1.5, 1.5-3.5, greater than 3.5; less than 2, 2-3, greater than 3) failed to resolve the survival difference.     

Numerical chromosomal aberrations in prostate cancer: correlation with morphology and cell kinetics

Eleven routinely processed radical prostatectomy specimens were studied for the presence of numerical chromosomal aberrations by means of in situ hybridization with nucleic acid probes specific for chromosomes 7, 10, 17, X, and Y. Cytogenetic information was correlated with morphology, tumour stage and volume as well as with cell kinetics, the latter being assessed by immunohistochemistry with antibodies raised against the proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and against a formalin-resistant epitope of the Ki-67 antigen, MIB 1. In 5 of 11 cases, numerical aberrations of at least one chromosome were found. The cases with normal chromosome numbers were those with the smallest volumes of Gleason grade 4 and/or 5 tumour (mean 0.5 cm³) and represented tumours restricted to the prostate. Tumours with aberrations in the number of detected chromosomes showed advanced stages and large volumes of high-grade tumour (mean 12.5 cm³). All 4 tumours with positive surgical margins were recruited from a group with marked local heterogeneity in chromosome numbers. Immunostaining with MIB 1 and PCNA was most intense in areas of high-grade tumour and was positively correlated with the emergence of chromosomal aberrations. The data suggest that the appearance of numerical chromosomal aberrations in prostate cancer coincides with aggressive tumour behaviour and could be used as an additional prognostic marker.This work is part of E.K.'s doctoral thesis     

物理学在医学影像中的应用

物理学对医学的贡献是巨大的，物理学与医学等学科的交叉碰撞在医学领域中产生了许多丰硕成果，现代的医学影像就是其中的成果之一。本文阐述了物理学在现代四大医学影像中的应用。     

Transfection of Lepidopteran insect cells with Baculovirus DNA

Summary Several protocols are presented for preparation and transfection of Baculovirus and plasmid DNAs into Lepidopteran insect cells using the calcium-phosphate co-precipitation technique. Important parameters for optimum efficiency include the inherent susceptibility of the recipient cell line for transfection, and the method of preparation of viral and plasmid DNAs. The protocols presented provide reproducible high efficiencies for transfection of several Lepidopteran cell lines.     

5-HT-immunoreactive fibers in the trigeminal nuclear complex of the rat

Summary The distribution of serotonin immunoreactive (5-HT-IR) fibers in the trigeminal nuclear complex of the rat was mapped. In the sensory nuclei, innervation appeared to be dense in areas primarily related to nociceptive afferent activity, and sparse in areas primarily related to nonnociceptive afferent activity. Specifically, the marginal and gelatinosa layers of the spinal subnucleus caudalis contained many 5-HT-IR fibers while few labeled fibers were seen in the magnocellular portion of subnucleus caudalis or in the principal sensory nucleus. The spinal subnuclei oralis and interpolaris were sparsely innervated except for a few areas which contained more 5-HT-IR fibers. The motor nucleus contained as many immunoreactive fibers as the subnucleus caudalis, although fibers in the motor nucleus were thicker and varicosities more irregularly spaced than in caudalis.This research was supported by grant BNS-79-06474 from the National Science Foundation awarded to Efrain Azmitia     

Argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions in colorectal malignancy: application of typing by their density

Colorectal neoplasms obtained at colonoscopy were examined by argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region (AgNOR) staining to evaluate the usefulness of AgNOR as a discriminant for malignancy. AgNOR dots were divided into two kinds: 'structures' (larger and less-densely stained) corresponding to the nucleolus, and 'units' (smaller and densely stained) presumed to be true AgNOR within the structure. The number of structures per nucleus did not differ between the adenoma and carcinoma groups, whereas the number of units per nucleus showed a significant difference. However there were several cases showing an overlap between the adenoma and carcinoma groups, leading to a difficulty in deciding whether any given case was benign or malignant. Three types of AgNOR patterns were categorized based on the ratio of units to structure. Type I was defined as the unit being indistinguishable from the structure, Type II as each structure having one to five units, and Type III as at least one structure having six or more units, irrespective of total number of units per nucleus. The colorectal lesions in which more than half of the neoplastic cells showed Type III coincided well with carcinomas histologically diagnosed, with the exception of adenomas with severe atypia. Labeling index of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA LI) differed between the adenoma and carcinoma groups with a considerable extent of overlap, and correlated to some extent with the AgNOR values. These results showed that the AgNOR staining was useful for determining malignancy and its usefulness appeared superior to PCNA LI.     

胶质瘤bcd—2基因表达水平与其细胞增殖和凋亡关系的研究

目的 探讨胶质瘤细胞ｂｃｌ－２基因表达水平与肿瘤恶性程度、细胞增殖活性及凋亡程度的关系。方法 以６９例不同级别的人胶质瘤组织为研究对象,用原位杂交及免疫组化染色ＡＢＣ法分别检测ｂｃｌ－２ｍＲＮＡ、ｂｃｌ－２蛋白和增殖细胞核抗原（细胞增殖活性标记物）的表达,并用３’末标记法做原位细胞凋亡检测。结果 ６４例（９２．８％）表达ｂｃｌ－２ｍＲＮＡ,６０例（８７．０％）表达ｂｃｌ－２蛋白,两者的表达水平呈正     

Proliferating cell nuclear antigen in malignant and pre-malignant lesions of epithelial origin in the oral cavity and the skin: an immunohistochemical study

Summary Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is a nuclear protein synthesized in the late G₁ and S phase of the cell cycle and immunohistochemical detection of the protein represents a useful marker for the proliferating fraction of cells in tissue specimens. A series of malignant and pre-malignant lesions of the oral cavity and skin were evaluated by the streptavidin biotin immunoperoxidase method for detection of this protein. Monoclonal anti-PCNA antibody (PC 10) labelled proliferating cells in all cases with varying intensity of nuclear staining. In squamous cell carcinoma (n=48), PCNA positivity correlated with the differentiation and atypia of the tumour cells; however, in poorly differentiated tumours, the relationship between PCNA expression and proliferation was lost. Basal cell carcinoma showed an increased growth fraction in tiny epithelial nests (mean 43.8, SD 6.0,n=20) than in neoplastic basal cells (mean 30.1, SD 6.9,n=8). The growth fractions were significantly higher in the pre-malignant lesions (leukoplakia, mean 22.3, SD 7.7,n=14; Bowen's disease, mean 45.2, SD 11.7,n=12; senile keratosis, mean 41.2, SD 7.0,n=12) than in the normal mucosa (mean 9.8, SD 4.9,n=10), suggesting that cellular growth fractions correlate with the degree of dysplasia in pre-malignant lesions.