基于免疫系统非线性模型对中医正邪相争理论和扶正祛邪治则的一个非线性动力学诠释

文中基于免疫系统有关免疫活性细胞或分子与外来抗原相互作用的非线性的动力学模型对中医学正邪相争理论及其扶正祛邪治则进行了新的诠释,提出了新的研究思路。认为:中医学关于外感邪气致病的六经、卫气营血和三焦辨证在本质上是识别抗原与免疫活性细胞或分子相互作用的三种不同的非线性动力学诊断模式,其证相应于这一过程中不同的非线性动力状态,可以用一个或一组非线性动力学方程进行定量描述。一个证常常对应于抗原与免疫活性的细胞或分子非线性动力学相互作用相空间中的一个稳定或不稳定的极限环和混沌,这可以作为证诊断的图形或形象标识。以中医学扶正祛邪的治疗思想为先导,有可能研制出全新靶向的和更有效的治疗传染性疾病的药物。     

Simulation model of renal replacement therapy: predicting future demand in England.

BACKGROUND: The demand for renal replacement therapy (RRT) in England has risen steadily, although from a lower base than many other developed countries. Predicting the future demand for RRT and the impact of factors such as the acceptance rate, transplant supply and patient survival, is required in order to inform the planning of such services. METHODS: A discrete event simulation model estimates the future demand for RRT in England in 2010 for a range of scenarios. The model uses current prevalence and current and projected future acceptance rates, survival rates and the transitions between modalities to predict future patient numbers. National population and mortality data, published literature and data from the UK Renal Registry and UK Transplant, are used to estimate unmet need for RRT, the impact of changing demography and incidence of Type 2 diabetes, patient haemodialysis (HD) survival and transplant supply. RESULTS: By 2010 the predicted prevalence will have increased from about 30,000 in 2000 to between 42 and 51,000 (900-1000 p.m.p.), an average annual growth of 4.5-6%. Changing transplant supply has a small effect on overall numbers but changes the proportion of patients with functioning graft by up to 8%. Even with an optimistic increase in transplant supply (11% p.a. for 5 years), numbers on HD will continue to rise substantially, especially in the elderly. The factors most influencing future patient numbers are the acceptance rate and dialysis survival. CONCLUSION: This model predicts a substantial growth in the RRT population to 2010 to a rate approaching 1000 p.m.p., particularly in the elderly and those on HD, with a steady state not being reached for at least 25 years.     

猪原位肝移植模型改进的研究

目的　探讨猪同种异体原位肝移植模型的改进方法。方法　选封闭群小型猪为实验动物 ,对既往猪原位肝移植模型进行系列改进 ,观察新建动物植模型的成功率、重复性和稳定性。结果在实验动物选择、手术方式及术中监护管理等方面进行改进的基础上行同种异体原位肝移植 2 0次 ,手术时间 (181.0± 2 5 .8)min及无肝期 (2 8.4± 3.2 )min较传统猪原位肝移植术明显缩短。动物术后肝功能恢复顺利 ,1周存活率 90 % ,15例动物长期存活。长期存活动物的血管和胆管并发症发生率低。结论　改进后的猪同种异体原位肝移植模型具有操作简便 ,标准化程度及手术成功率高 ,重复性和稳定性好的优点 ,是大动物肝移植系列研究的较理想动物模型     

大学生心理健康教育干预研究

目的　研究高校心理健康干预模式 ,提高大学生心理健康水平。方法　采取分层整群抽样的方法 ,运用SCL - 90自评量表对该院学生测试评分 ,分别进行实施心理健康干预模式 (心理教育、心理预防、心理训练 )前后状况调查 ,比较学生心理测试总体水平。结果　学校心理健康教育干预实施后一年 ,学生心理测试 8项因子分均值低于心理健康干预实施前 ,其中强迫、人际关系、焦虑、恐怖、偏执因子分实施前后有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　学校实施心理健康教育干预能有效地维护大学生心理健康 ,促进大学生心理发展 ,提高大学生心理素质     

大鼠胰腺十二指肠移植的手术技巧

目的探讨建立大鼠胰腺十二指肠移植模型的手术技巧。方法不阻断体循环，采用双套管将供胰所带腹主动脉、门静脉分别与受鼠的左肾动、静脉进行套管吻合，尽量减轻对全身血流动力学的影响；同时行十二指肠空肠端侧吻合引流胰液，重建胰腺外分泌途径；围手术期注意补液、保暖及抗凝。结果100例手术中83例手术成功，术后移植胰腺具有内分泌功能，胰腺轻度充血水肿。结论该移植模型不阻断体循环且操作简单实用，其成功的关键在于手术操作及围手术期处理。     

兔股骨干缺损模型的制备及在组织工程骨实验中的应用

目的为组织工程骨修复负重骨缺损的研究提供标准化的实验动物模型.方法测量兔股骨干基本解剖数据,用于指导制备模型.在解剖学研究的基础上,取4～5个月龄成年新西兰大白兔18只,随机分为三组,每组6只,分别制备10、15、20mm的股骨干中段骨和骨膜缺损,并用普通钢板螺丝钉固定股骨.4、8、12周时分别摄X线侧位片进行定性分析,双能量X线骨密度测量仪（DXA）做骨密度扫描进行定量分析,并在每个时间点分别取2只动物取材做大体观察和组织学检查.结果兔股骨解剖数据：兔股骨长94.1 mm;股骨干中点横径7.4 mm,矢状径5.8 mm;骨皮质厚度：屈侧最厚,内、外两侧次之,伸侧最薄,平均1.2 mm;髓腔略呈椭圆形,其横径与矢状径相差约1mm,取其平均值,髓腔直径4.1 mm.骨缺损动物大体观察、X线片、骨密度检查和组织学检查显示：10 mm骨缺损组均于8～12周出现骨性愈合;15 mm和20 mm骨缺损组直至12周仍未见骨愈合.结论在不桥接和填充任何材料的情况下,钢板螺钉固定的兔股骨干15 mm以上的实验性骨缺损不能自行愈合,可用于组织工程骨修复负重骨缺损的实验研究.     

大鼠肝移植术后并发症的预防

目的 探讨大鼠肝移植术后并发症的预防措施.方法 比较建立模型初期所行50例大鼠肝移植前20例(前组)与后30例(后组)的手术时间、无肝期、手术成功率、术后生存率及并发症.结果 与前组相比,后组供体手术时间、供体修整与套管安装时间、无肝期及受体手术时间明显缩短(P＜0.05),手术成功率与术后3 d及7 d生存率明显提高(P＜0.05),早期术后出血并发症明显减少(P＜0.05),但胆道并发症差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 掌握大鼠肝移植技术存在明显的学习曲线,熟练的手术操作及术后并发症的合理预防可提高手术成功率及术后大鼠生存率.     

Depressive Symptoms and Associated Factors in Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

PROBLEM: To compare depressive symptoms in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) to those in healthy children, and to explore the influence of individual and family factors on level of depression. METHODS: Individual interviews with 68 children, ages 7 to 12 years, in order to complete the Children's Depression Inventory. FINDINGS: Children with ADHD reported significantly more depressive symptoms than did children without ADHD; 14.7% of children with ADHD reached the threshold of a 19 point score, which suggests clinical depression. No significant effects of individual and family factors on level of depression were found. CONCLUSIONS: Children with ADHD are more inclined to experience depressive symptoms than are healthy children. To plan appropriate interventions, nurses evaluating and working with children with ADHD should always consider a possible coexistence of depressive symptoms.     

立体着床模型--小鼠囊胚与子宫内膜的共培养

目的:建立小鼠囊胚体外着床的三维模型,为着床机制的研究提供重要工具.方法:将小鼠囊胚与其自身子宫内膜分别共培养在空气、含500,750和950 mL/L O2的混合气体与组织培养液的气液界面上,比较不同O2浓度下小鼠囊胚的贴附率,确定体外共培养的最佳O2浓度;同时将确认有囊胚贴附的子宫内膜取出作HE染色.结果:不同O2浓度下,囊胚的贴附率分别为64.75%,47.86%,42.37%和30.97%,x2检验提示其差异有显著性(x2=28.145,P=0.000);且随着混合气体中O2浓度的逐渐升高,囊胚贴附率呈逐渐降低趋势.因此50 mL/L CO2 950 mL/L空气对囊胚与子宫内膜的共培养是最有利的;同时,囊胚贴附子宫内膜后并无扩展行为而是直接侵入子宫内膜.结论:50 mL/L CO2 950 mL/L空气最有利于囊胚与子宫内膜的共培养;且囊胚贴附子宫内膜后不发生外延生长,而是直接侵入子宫内膜.本实验成功地建立了小鼠囊胚体外着床的三维模型.     

Intelligent dialogue based on statistical models of clinical decision-making

The independence Bayesian model has been used widely in computer programs designed to support clinical decision-making. A reasoning strategy has been developed to enable these programs to conduct clinically pertinent dialogue and explain their reasoning. It has been implemented in a program for the diagnosis of acute abdominal pain based on the Bayesian model of de Dombal et al. Several features of the dialogue design have been adopted from artificial intelligence research, including shared initiative and critiquing. The program adopts a flexible goal-driven strategy, attempting to confirm the clinician's diagnosis or rule out the likeliest alternative. Symptoms and signs are selected in order of their expected weights of evidence in favour of the hypothesized disease.