Chronic invasive rhinosinusitis by Conidiobolus coronatus,an emerging microorganism

Fungi from the Conidiobolus genus have been implicated in the development of chronic invasive fungal rhinosinusitis, mainly in tropical countries. The mycosis associated to these fungi may cause irreversible facial deformities and is potentially fatal. The authors present the first case of a chronic invasive fungal rhinosinusitis due to Conidiobolus coronatus diagnosed in a 66-year-old Caucasian male patient, living in Portugal without any travels abroad and complaining of progressive refractory nasal obstruction, facial pain and anosmia. Upon the culture of samples collected during sinus endoscopic surgery, colonies that presented a macroscopic aspect remembering wax were detected. The microscopic evaluation allowed the observation of simple conidiophores forming spherical conidia, and of conidiophores that presented hair-like appendages. Together, these characteristics allowed the identification of the fungi as a Conidiobolus, which was confirmed upon the DNA sequencing. The authors emphasised the role of this fungi as an emergent microorganism as well as the difficulties associated to the diagnosis and treatment.     

LWC-型、CA6和CA2三种空气微生物采样器在公共场所中应用的对比试验

用 L W- 1、CA6和 CA2三种空气采样器对 3种不同公共场所、相同条件下、同一时间对空气中细菌和真菌进行了捕获效果试验。结果证明 :3种采样器对不同场所空气中细菌、真菌菌落总数的测定无显著性差异。经比较 ,L WC- I采样器具有体积小、重量轻、结构简单、携带方便、噪声小和不需外接电源等优点 ,更适用于公共场所空气微生物的监测。     

中药皂苷类化合物生物转化研究进展

皂苷广泛存在于药用植物中,按母核结构可分为三萜和甾体皂苷,具有多种药理活性。众多研究发现皂苷中糖基部分的组成与其药理活性密切相关,改变皂苷分子中的糖基数量和结构能改变皂苷的药理活性及其生物利用度,为开发药物提供更多的化合物资源。相较于传统的化学方法,皂苷生物转化修饰糖基部分具有选择性高、成本低、污染小等优点,被广泛用于次级皂苷与皂苷元的制备。通过对皂苷脱糖基转化生成较高生物活性的次级皂苷与苷元的研究进展进行综述,为皂苷类化合物生物转化研究提供思路和方法。     

冷鲜肉货架期生物学参数变化研究

对在5℃、10℃和15℃条件下托盘包装的冷鲜肉进行了微生物数量的测定与分析,对5℃和10℃条件下pH值与水分活度(aw)进行了测定,结果表明:低温有利于延长冷鲜肉的货架期,且在低温条件下pH值、水分活度对微生物的生长影响较小。     

370例重症患者医院感染病原菌调查与分析

目的了解重症患者医院感染病原菌及医院感染情况。方法对370例住院重症患者采集痰、咽拭子、血液、拔除的大静脉导管、尿、粪便、胸水及穿刺液标本,进行细菌培养,并进行分析。结果采集的标本细菌培养阳性率为34.43%,最高阳性率的标本为痰液,阳性率为43.53%,其次为穿刺液和尿;痰培养主要的菌群为白色假丝酵母菌、铜绿假单胞菌和鲍氏不动杆菌等;尿培养主要的菌群为白色假丝酵母菌、肺炎克雷伯菌和大肠埃希菌等;血培养主要菌群为铜绿假单胞菌、肺炎克雷伯菌和大肠埃希菌等。结论重症患者医院感染的首位是呼吸道感染;居高位是尿路感染;高发率是血液感染。     

人类精子冷冻保存中交叉污染的风险及防范

精子的冷冻已在世界范围内得到广泛应用,但是对于保存的精子是否会受到液氮中病原体的污染报道较少。尽管在精子和胚胎的冷冻保存过程中,发生交叉污染的机会很小,但仍是一个实际存在的风险。对于人类精子库来说,应在工作的所有环节,包括精液的收集、冷冻、储存、运输、解冻以及对冻精的临床使用过程都应采取相应的措施来减少污染。     

Biofilm on the apical region of roots in primary teeth with vital and necrotic pulps with or without radiographically evident apical pathosis

Aim  To evaluate, by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the presence of biofilms on the external surfaces of the apical third of roots of human primary teeth with vital or necrotic pulps with and without radiographically evident periradicular pathosis.
Methodology  Eighteen teeth were selected: group I – normal pulp ( n  = 5), group II – pulp necrosis without radiographic evidence of periapical pathosis ( n  = 7) and group III – pulp necrosis with well-defined radiographic periapical pathosis ( n  = 6). After extraction, the teeth were washed with saline and immersed in 0.03 g mL⁻¹ trypsin solution for 20 min. The teeth were then washed in sodium cacodilate buffer and stored in receptacles containing modified Karnovsky solution. The teeth were sectioned, dehydrated in an ethanol series, critical-point dried with CO₂, sputter coated with gold and the external root surface in the apical third examined by SEM.
Results  In the teeth of groups I and II, the apical root surfaces were covered by collagen fibres, with no evidence of bacteria (100%). In the teeth of group III, the root apices had no collagen fibres but revealed resorptive areas containing microorganisms (cocci, bacilli, filaments and spirochetes) in all cases (100%).
Conclusion  Microorganisms organized as biofilms on the external root surface (extraradicular infection) were detected in primary teeth with pulp necrosis and radiographically visible periapical pathosis.     

便携式平战两用恒温染色箱的研制

本研究着眼于野战条件下,后勤医疗保障工作中出现的关于微生物染色和细胞染色方面的新问题,研究设计便携式平战两用恒温染色箱。该设备的使用可减轻野战条件下检验物资装备负担、提高战时形态学疾病的诊断率、降低试剂成本,可保障战时检验染色工作的顺利进行。     

口腔微生物生物膜分散物质的研究进展

生物膜是黏附在固体表面,包裹在自身产生的胞外多聚基质中的细菌群体。生物膜的形成和发展包括细菌的黏附、繁殖和分散。附着于某表面的生物膜将其中的细菌释放、分散到周围环境以传播到新的位置形成新的群落即生物膜的分散。生物膜分散是生物膜生长发展周期中一个重要的阶段,起到重要的传播作用。对许多致病菌而言,生物膜的分散能使生物膜的细菌转化为浮游状态,促进感染的扩散。生物膜的形成能提高细菌对抗微生物剂及宿主防御反应的抵抗力。在口腔中,口腔微生物能附着于口腔组织及修复体表面形成生物膜。人类龋病、牙周病是口腔的慢性感染性疾病,它们的发生与生物膜密切相关。生物膜分散机制是近年的研究热点,促进生物膜分散的新制剂可能成为攻克生物膜感染又一靶点。分散物质的临床意义和可能的临床应用具有广阔的前景。本文对口腔中能促进生物膜分散的分散物质作一综述。     

Preparation of seeding type immobilized microorganisms and their degradation characteristics on Di-n-butyl phthalate

Objective To study the preparation of seeding type immobilized microorganisms and their degradation characteristics on di-n-butyl phthalate （DBP）. Methods Diatomite, clinoptilolite, silk zeolite, and coal fly ash were chosen as reserved materials and modified. Their adsorption capacity and intensity in the bacteria were determined and the best carrier was picked out. The seeding type immobilized microorganisms were prepared by the best carrier and then it degraded DBP under different primary concentration, vibration rate, pH, temperature in the presence of metal compounds. Results The adsorption capacity of the modified coal fly ash, silk zeolite, clinoptilolite and zeolite was 44.2%, 71.6%, 84.0%, and 94.4%, respectively, which was 1.66, 1.49, 1.37, and 1.16 times as high as that of their natural state. Their adsorption intensity was 72.1%, 90.5%, 90.1%, and 91.1% in turn. The modified diatomite was selected to prepare the seeding type immobilized microorganisms. When the primary DBP concentration was 100 to 500 mg/L, the DBP-degraded rate of the immobilized microorganisms could be above 80%. The degradation activity of both the dissociative and immobilized microorganisms was higher in vibration than in stillness. When pH was 6.0 to 9.0, the DBP-degraded rate of the immobilized microorganisms was above 82%, which was higher than the dissociative microorganisms. When the temperature was between 20~C and 40~C, the DBP-degraded rate could reach 84.5% in 24 h. The metal compounds could inhibit the degradation activity of both the dissociative and immobilized microorganisms. The degradation process of the immobilized microorganisms could be described by the first-order model. Conclusion The adsorption capacity of the diatomite, clinoptilolite, silk zeolite and coal fly ash on DBP-degrading bacteria can be improved obviously after they are modified. The modified diatomite is best in terms of its adsorption capacity and intensity. Its seeding type immobilized microorganisms could degrade DBP effectively and is more adaptable to DBP load, temperature, pH than the dissociative microorganisms. The metal compounds could inhibit the activity of both the immobilized and dissociative microorganisms. The degradation reaction of the immobilized microorganisms on DBP is consistent with the gust-order model.