中医内科急症概论(上)

论述了急症的基本特点为大实大虚,邪正消长多变;多脏同病,但有主次先后;多病证,但又同中有异。急症的病机要点为：①内外合邪,因果夹杂;②病理因素责之风火（热）痰瘀,常可转化并见;③邪盛酿毒,有外受、内生之别;④邪实机闭是急症阴竭阳脱、气血消亡的基础;⑤病性多实,但常虑实夹杂;⑥病机之间的演变转化,可致多证相关。     

Endothelin receptors and calcium translocation pathways in human airways

Tension and phosphatidyl inositol (PI) turnover experiments were conducted to investigate the receptors and signal transduction pathways responsible for contractions elicited by endothelin (ET) ligands in human bronchus. Nicardipine (1 μM), the L-type calcium channel inhibitor, or incubation in Ca²⁺-free medium, produced marked inhibition of contractions to the ET_B receptor-selective agonist, sarafotoxin S6c, and especially those induced by KCl. In contrast, Ca²⁺-free medium was without appreciable effect against contraction produced by endothelin-1 (ET-1), the non-selective ET_A and ET_B receptor agonist. In Ca²⁺-free medium, ryanodine (10 μM), which inhibits intracellular calcium mobilization, reduced sarafotoxin S6c- and ET-1-induced responses, but was without effect on responses to KCl. Similarly, nickel chloride (Ni²⁺; 1 mM) caused marked inhibition of contractions induced by sarafotoxin S6c or ET-1, but had no significant effect on KCl concentration-response curves. The mixed ET_A/ET_B receptor antagonist SB 209670 (3 μM) inhibited responses to sarafotoxin S6c and ET-1 such that concentration-response curves were shifted rightward, at the 30% maximum response level, by 10.0- and 3.8-fold, respectively, whereas BQ-123 (3 μM), the ET_A receptor antagonist, was without effect on responses induced by either agonist. ET-1 (1 nM–0.3 μM) caused a concentration-dependent stimulation of PI turnover, whereas sarafotoxin S6c (0.3 nM–0.1 μM) induced only small and variable increases, except at the highest concentration. The increase in PI turnover evoked by ET-1 was inhibited by SB 209670 (3 μM), and also by BQ-123 (3 μM). This is consistent with linkage of ET_A receptors to activation of inositol phosphate generation in human bronchial smooth muscle cells. Collectively, the data suggest that differences exist in the relative contributions of intracellular and extracellular Ca²⁺ mobilization mechanisms elicited by ET_A and ET_B receptor activation. Thus, sarafotoxin S6c-induced, ET_B receptor-mediated contraction in human bronchial smooth muscle appears to be dependent, in part, upon extracellular Ca²⁺, although a significant component of the response was also mediated by intracellular Ca²⁺ release, including from ryanodine-sensitive stores. ET_A receptor-mediated contraction of human airway smooth muscle was activated largely via the release of intracellular Ca²⁺. Received: 21 July 1998 / Accepted: 26 January 1999     

兴山五味子的质量研究

兴山五味子;;襄五脂素;;主要药理作用     

创伤性气管支气管断裂的诊断及治疗

目的　分析创伤性气管、支气管断裂的诊断及治疗 ,总结早期急诊及晚期诊断 (1周后 )依据 ,探讨误诊原因 ,分析治疗效果。方法　本组1 1例 ,伤后距手术时间 72小时 8例 ,6周至 3个月 3例。气管、支气管断端吻合 8例 ,修补成形 3例。结果　治愈 1 0例 ,死亡 1例。结论　早期诊断、早期治疗及应用生物蛋白胶可提高治愈率 ,减少术后并发症 ,有利于肺功能恢复     

鸦胆子油乳结合支气管动脉灌注化疗治疗局部晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床观察

目的探讨鸦胆子油乳结合支气管动脉灌注化疗治疗局部晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床疗效。方法82例局部晚期非小细胞肺癌随机分为治疗组42例,采用鸦胆子油乳结合支气管动脉灌注化疗,对照组40例,采用单纯支气管动脉灌注化疗。结果治疗组客观疗效(CR+PR)达64.2%,对照组45%,二组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05);治疗组脑转移发生率11.9%,对照组脑转移发生率30%,二组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05)。治疗组在提高生活质量、保护免疫和骨髓功能方面优于化疗组,二组比较有显著性差异(P<0.01及P<0.05)。结论鸦胆子油乳结合支气管动脉灌注化疗治疗局部晚期非小细胞肺癌能提高客观疗效,可防止脑转移,并能提高生活质量、保护免疫功能及骨髓功能。     

病房监护系统自动化设计

本设计是利用主机(PC机)巡回检测并控制从站工作,从站采用步进电机精确控制吊瓶高度,进而达到控制点滴速度,由单片机(89C52)控制显示装置,从而实现由一个监护室监护多个病房吊瓶运转情况的自动化病房监护系统。该设计进行了相关实验和数据分析。     

成人肺癌切除组织和支气管切缘p53基因突变及端粒酶活性表达的研究

目的探讨肺癌切除组织和支气管p53基因突变及端粒酶活性表达,并对肺癌切除后的效果进行了评价.方法用PCR-SSCP方法,检测60例肺癌和10例肺良性肿瘤手术切除标本的支气管切缘(切缘病理切片无癌细胞残留)的p53基因突变及端粒酶活性的表达.结果在60例肺癌中有16例(26.7%)肺癌支气管切缘和30例(50.0%)肺癌组织存在p53基因突变及端粒酶活性阳性表达.肺癌切除组织基因突变及端粒酶活性表达为小细胞癌(100%)最高,次为鳞癌(70%)、腺鳞癌(60%)、腺癌(40%).p53基因突变及端粒酶活性表达与TNM分期有关.Ⅲ期(72.7%)最高,其次为Ⅱ期(58.3%),Ⅰ期(25.5%).术后随访3～8个月支气管切缘p53基因突变及端粒酶活性表达,10例(62.5%)发生支气管残端复发转移.而p53及端粒酶阴性者术后无残端癌复发.肺癌组织p53及端粒酶阳者中有20例(66.7%)在随访中发现癌复发转移,而p53及端粒酶阴性者中未发现癌复发转移.结论检测支气管切缘p53基因突变及端粒酶活性表达,作为肺癌切除后的"分子边界",可作为早期预测肺癌术后残端复发重要依据.     

基于对称边缘方向直方图自动提取主要道路

提出一种从航空影像中自动提取主要道路的方法。以对称边缘方向直方图作为主要道路特征矢量,先采用一种顾及数据空间分布特性的模糊C均值聚类算法分割提取主要道路种子段,然后利用Snakes算法跟踪提取完整主要道路网络。实验结果表明,所提方法能有效地从航空影像中自动提取主要道路网。