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Aim: Urinary stone disease affects people of all ages. With its satisfactory efficacy ranges in all age groups and lack of side‐effects, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) has become the preferred treatment modality for uncomplicated renal and proximal calculi ≤20 mm. In the present study, we aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of the ESWL treatment in elderly patients. Methods: A retrospective study was carried out on patients aged over 65 years who underwent shock wave lithotripsy at our Department from 2009 to 2011, with a Siemens Lithostar electromagnetic shockwave lithotripter. A total of 231 patients (157 males, 74 females) out of 1694 (13.6%) were studied. The patients were divided into two groups (group 1 = 65–70; group 2 >70). The effect of age and other possible predicting factors (sex, stone localization and stone size) were investigated. Concomitant diseases and related complications were also evaluated. Results: An overall stone‐free rate (SFR) of 82.2% was found. The influence of sex on SFR was non‐significant. There was no significant difference when comparing SFR between the age groups. When patients were divided into those with renal and ureteral stones, the SFR were 94.4% and 67.6% (P < 0.01), respectively. The SFR of the stone size groups, ≤10 mm and >10 mm were 80% and 84.4%, respectively. Comorbidity was present in 148 patients. Complications were noted in 56 of 231 patients. Of 56 patients, 43 had minor complications and 13 major complications. Conclusion: ESWL seems to be an effective first‐line treatment choice for urinary stones in elderly patients with careful patient selection and personalized preparation. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2012; 12: 413–417.  相似文献   
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Evidence suggests that inertial cavitation plays an important role in the renal injury incurred during shock-wave lithotripsy. However, it is unclear how tissue damage is initiated, and significant injury typically occurs only after a sufficient dose of shock waves. Although it has been suggested that shock-induced shearing might initiate injury, estimates indicate that individual shocks do not produce sufficient shear to do so. In this paper, we hypothesize that the cumulative shear of the many shocks is damaging. This mechanism depends on whether there is sufficient time between shocks for tissue to relax to its unstrained state. We investigate the mechanism with a physics-based simulation model, wherein the basement membranes that define the tubules and vessels in the inner medulla are represented as elastic shells surrounded by viscous fluid. Material properties are estimated from in-vitro tests of renal basement membranes and documented mechanical properties of cells and extracellular gels. Estimates for the net shear deformation from a typical lithotripter shock (approximately 0.1%) are found from a separate dynamic shock simulation. The results suggest that the larger interstitial volume (approximately 40%) near the papilla tip gives the tissue there a relaxation time comparable to clinical shock delivery rates (approximately 1 Hz), thus allowing shear to accumulate. Away from the papilla tip, where the interstitial volume is smaller (approximately 20%), the model tissue relaxes completely before the next shock would be delivered. Implications of the model are that slower delivery rates and broader focal zones should both decrease injury, consistent with some recent observations.  相似文献   
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目的探讨输尿管软镜碎石术(retrograde intrarenal stone surgery,RIRS)治疗上尿路结石的疗效和安全性。方法回顾性分析2016年4月至2019年1月武汉大学人民医院行RIRS的640例上尿路结石患者的临床资料。男424例,女216例。年龄(46.2±12.8)岁。结石最大径(1.4±0.7)cm。肾下盏结石126例,非肾下盏结石514例。单侧输尿管上段结石196例,单侧输尿管上段结石合并肾结石118例,单侧肾结石236例,双肾结石90例。104例术前留置双J管。马蹄肾8例,孤立肾合并肾功能不全30例,盆腔异位肾合并旋转不良4例,先天性输尿管畸形6例,海绵肾2例。术前血红蛋白(133.2±5.6)g/L,血清肌酐(84.4±12.2)μmol/L。手术均采用全麻,患者取截石位。采用输尿管软镜联合钬激光碎石,软镜顺利进入肾盂后首先观察肾盂及各肾盏并寻及结石。使用200μm光纤碎石,钬激光功率为12~45 W(0.5~1.5 J/10~30 Hz),根据实际情况辅助取石网篮套取结石。术中检查各肾盂、肾盏,确保结石已完全粉末化(结石最大径<0.3 cm),留置双J管和尿管。手术均由同等资历的术者完成。结果所有手术均顺利完成,手术时间(45.6±14.6)min。术后第1天复查血清肌酐(76.0±10.6)μmol/L,与术前比较差异有统计学意义(t=64.76,P<0.05);血红蛋白(126.4±9.6)g/L,与术前比较差异无统计学意义(t=2.02,P=0.064)。术后住院时间(4.8±1.5)d。术后3例(0.9%)发生严重并发症,分别为2例脓毒血症,1例包膜下血肿。术后3个月596例获得随访,其中552例达到结石清除标准,结石清除率(stone-free rate,SFR)为92.6%;余44例未达到结石清除标准者采用体外冲击波碎石、再次输尿管软镜手术或拔除双J管后观察。结石大小(χ^2=29.569,P<0.05)和位置(χ^2=44.949,P<0.05)是SFR的影响因素。多因素回归分析结果显示结石大小不是影响SFR的独立危险因素(P=0.639),结石位置是影响SFR的独立危险因素(P=0.013)。结论RIRS对于上尿路中小结石患者是一种可靠的治疗方式,疗效确切,并发症少,安全性高。但对于大结石及肾下盏结石的治疗还存在一定的局限性。肾下盏结石是影响RIRS疗效的独立危险因素。  相似文献   
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胰腺体外震波碎石术(pancreatic extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, P-ESWL)是治疗胰管结石的重要方法,其安全性和有效性已在临床实践中得到充分认可。但有关P-ESWL适应证、禁忌证、操作规范以及并发症防治等方面,国际与国内均尚未形成相关共识。为进一步规范我国P-ESWL的临床应用,由中国医师协会胰腺病学专业委员会及国家消化系统疾病临床医学研究中心(上海)牵头,在参考国内外P-ESWL相关研究基础上,结合国内临床应用经验,组织国内专家编写了本共识。该共识重点介绍了P-ESWL的设备、适应证、禁忌证、操作规范及并发症防治等,旨在提高相关专科医师对P-ESWL的认识,规范P-ESWL流程。  相似文献   
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