Women's knowledge in Madagascar: A health needs assessment study

Abstract

Nutritional and hygienic practices contribute to high morbidity and mortality rates related to malnutrition in Madagascar. This study, a research effort that brought together charitable organisations, non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and university collaborators, investigates women's health knowledge in the Anosy region of Madagascar. The needs assessment sought to characterise women's knowledge and understanding of nutrition and hygiene. Eight focus groups of 13–60 women each were conducted in the seven most impoverished communes of the Anosy region (n=373). Participants were recruited with the aid of a UK–Malagasy partnered NGO, Azafady. Study findings show that women fully understand the interplay between poor nutrition, hygiene and malnutrition but are unable to change everyday practices because the barriers to better nutrition and hygiene seem beyond their control. These findings may be used to prioritise projects and research seeking to improve nutrition and hygiene, thus reducing malnutrition in the Anosy region.     

Nutritional Knowledge of UK Coaches

Athletes obtain nutritional information from their coaches, yet their competency in this area is lacking. Currently, no research exists in the UK which has a different coach education system to many other countries. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the sports nutrition knowledge of UK coaching certificate (UKCC) level 2 and 3, hockey and netball qualified coaches. All coaches (n = 163) completed a sports nutrition questionnaire to identify: (a) if they provided nutritional advice; (b) their level of sport nutrition knowledge; and (c) factors that may have contributed to their level of knowledge. Over half the coaches provided advice to their athletes (n = 93, 57.1%), even though they were not competent to do so. Coaches responded correctly to 60.3 ± 10.5% of all knowledge questions with no differences between those providing advice and those who did not (p > 0.05). Those coaches who had undertaken formal nutrition training achieved higher scores than those who had not (p < 0.05). In conclusion, UK sports coaches would benefit from continued professional development in sports nutrition to enhance their coaching practice.     

深圳市高危人群禽流感认知态度行为调查研究

目的 ：了解深圳市禽流感高危人群对禽流感的相关认知、态度及行为基本现状,以及禽流感防控工作中存在的问题,为高危人群禽流感进一步预防提供科学依据。方法：采用整群抽样方法,选取深圳市5家农贸市场及10家家禽养殖场,通过问卷对家禽养殖者、捕杀人员354人进行无记名式调查,利用单因素逻辑回归法研究禽流感高危人群对禽流感的相关认知、态度及行为。结果：家禽养殖者、捕杀人员总体上对禽流感知识了解较匮乏,禽流感相关知识平均得分为10.90±3.85分,得分范围为1~14分。文化程度是其影响因素（χ2=12.78,P〈0.05）,文化程度越高,对禽流感相关知识知晓率越高。性别、年龄及月收入均与禽流感相关知识无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。11.58%被调查者在作业过程中未做好个人防护,隔离衣、口罩、护目镜的全程使用情况较差。接触禽类后,51.13%被调查者无正确洗手习惯。53.11%的被调查者生病后首选自己买药治疗。对政府采取控制禽流感的措施被调查人群大多态度漠然。结论：应加强禽流感知识和职业防护在禽流感高危人群中的宣传教育,并采取更有效的健康促进干预措施。     

Preserved Knowledge of Maps of Countries: Implications for the Organization of Semantic Memory

We describe two patients with selectively preserved knowledge of the category of countries. Following a series of cerebral infarcts, patient DB presented with severe perceptual impairment, including dense apperceptive agnosia, prosopagnosia, and topographical agnosia. Despite these deficits, he could effortlessly name countries from their outline maps. Patient WH, who suffered from semantic dementia, had severe naming and comprehension difficulties, with extremely sparse residual semantic knowledge. Remarkably, the category of countries was preserved. First, we argue that, for both patients, this category preservation occurs at a semantic level. Second, we discuss our findings in the context of three current models of category-specific effects (perceptual, ontogenetic, and evolutionary models). We argue that the perceptual model (Humphreys and colleagues) cannot easily accommodate our findings. By contrast, the ontogenetic (Warrington and colleagues) and evolutionary models (Caramazza and colleagues) can explain our findings. However, some modifications to both models are required. The ontogenetic model needs to envisage a spatial channel for the development of map knowledge, which is anatomically separate from channels of other categories of knowledge. The evolutionary model needs to envisage the possibility that some categories of knowledge, such as countries, may not be prewired, but learned during ontogenetic development.     

Nutritional Knowledge,Parenting Styles and Feeding Practices of a South African Sample of Parents

ABSTRACT

Parenting can be considered as being an all-encompassing network of development for children. Children learn about eating not only through their own experiences but also by watching others. Mothers and children show similar patterns of food acceptance and food preferences. Children’s intake of fruit and vegetables was positively related to parents’ intake of fruit and vegetables. The current study used self-reported data from parents/primary caregivers' children aged 3–18 covering sociodemographic characteristics, feeding style dimensions (‘control overeating’, ‘emotional feeding’, ‘encouragement to eat’ and ‘instrumental feeding’) and parenting style dimensions (‘involvement’ and ‘strictness’). The results suggest, that in general, parents were inclined to encourage balance and variety in the food intake of their children, modeling healthy eating behavior, as well as monitoring the food intake of children while restricting unhealthy foods. Further research is needed into whether parents’ diets affect children’s food choices feeding.     

A review of breastfeeding training intervention studies that evaluate staff knowledge outcomes in NICU

BackgroundThe NICU environment presents many barriers for mothers to provide breast milk for their infants. In order to succeed, mothers require advice and assistance from healthcare staff, however some staff lack the necessary knowledge and skills to support them. This review evaluates studies of breastfeeding education interventions on staff knowledge outcomes.MethodsA systematic search of the literature was conducted. Research studies that measured NICU staff knowledge outcomes of training were included.ResultsFrom 94 studies identified, four were included, each demonstrated significant positive effects on staff knowledge outcomes following a breastfeeding educational intervention in NICU. There were no RCTs, three studies used a pre and post-test design, and one used a post-test only design. One study performed a time series analysis of knowledge, staff attitudes and beliefs and two studies conducted an audit of breastfeeding rates.ConclusionsThis review identified a lack of good quality evidence on the effectiveness of breastfeeding educational interventions for staff in NICU. Future research should address the breastfeeding education needs of multidisciplinary healthcare staff in NICU through large, well-conducted RCTs.     

围生期情绪相关知识教育策略对产后心理弹性及产后抑郁的影响

目的分析围生期情绪相关知识教育策略对产后心理弹性及产后抑郁的影响,为产后康复综合干预方案制定提供参考。方法随机选取该院2019年2月-2020年1月分娩的产妇60例作为研究对象,采用数字随机表法分为对照组和观察组,每组30例。对照组围生期予以常规健康宣教,观察组在对照组常规健康宣教的基础上再予以围生期情绪相关知识专项教育,两组产妇均随访观察至产后第一次健康体检(产后42 d)。对两组产妇产前1周、产后42 d均行心理弹性(CD-RISC10)及产后爱丁堡产后抑郁表(EPDS)测评并行组间比较。对两组产妇产前1周、产后42 d进行围生期情绪相关知识认知水平进行问卷调查,判断认知合格情况并行组间比较。收集整理两组产妇产后并发症并行组间比较。结果两组产妇产前1周对围生期情绪相关知识认知合格率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),产后42 d,两组产妇对围生期情绪相关知识认知合格率均明显上升,且观察组产妇认知合格率明显高于对照组产妇(P<0.05);两组产妇产前一周EPDS评分比较差异无统计学意义,产后42 d两组产妇EPDS较产前有上升,但观察组产妇EPDS评分较对照组产妇低(P<0.05);两组产妇产前一周CD-RISC10各维度及总评分比较组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);产后42 d对照组心理弹性各维度及总评分与产前差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组产妇CD-RISC10各维度及总评分较产前1周及对照组高(P<0.05);观察组产妇出院后至42 d并发症率明显低于对照组产妇(P>0.05)。结论围生期情绪相关知识教育可有效提升产妇对围生期情绪管控相关知识的认知水平,提升产后心理弹性水平,降低其产后抑郁及并发症发生率,具有较高的临床价值。     

乌鲁木齐市护理管理者能级管理知信行的现状调查

目的 了解护理管理者能级管理知识、态度、行为的现状.方法 采用自行设计的护理人员能级管理知信行调查问卷,对乌鲁木齐市12所医院分层抽样选取的165名护理管理人员进行调查.结果 护理管理者能级管理知识总分为(23.56 ±5.22)分,态度总分为(76.84±7.05)分,行为总分为(39.49 ±8.08)分.多元回归分析显示工作年限和工作岗位是护理管理者能级管理知识的影响因素,工作岗位是护理管理者能级管理态度和行为的影响因素.结论 医院应对护理管理者提供具有针对性、分类、分层次的相关培训,并采用有效引导机制,使护理管理者产生并保持正性态度和行为.     

绵阳市农村狂犬病防治知识调查

目的了解绵阳市农村人群对狂犬病防治知识的知晓情况,为开展有效健康教育提供依据。方法采用自行设计调查问卷分层抽样,以绵阳市9个县市区农村居民和学生为调查对象,进行入屋调查。结果共有效调查894人,学生331人,农民563人。调查对象狂犬病基本知识知晓率为86.99%;狂犬病伤口处理和疫苗注射相关知识知晓率为55.13%;养犬相关法规知识知晓率为71.67%。结论绵阳市农村人群狂犬病的知晓率偏低,是健康教育的重点人群。