层级培训模式对消化内科实习护士业务水平的提高评价

目的研究分析层级培训模式在消化内科实习护士带教中的应用对护士业务水平的提高评价。方法选取于在2019年1月—2020年1月在消化内科实习的78名护士作为该次调查的对象,采用随机方法将该次参与研究的实习护士分为对照组以及实验组,每组39名。该次调查中对照组采用传统带教模式,实验组采用层级培训模式。观察对照组、实验组实习护士临床护理能力。结果实验组实习护士的带教总平均成绩为(86.67±4.3)分明显高于对照组实习护士总平均成绩(66.13±5.7)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);实验组实习护士对带教的满意率为94.87%明显高于对照组实习护士满意率71.79%,差异有统计学意义(χ²=7.477,P<0.05);带教护士对实验组实习护士的满意率为97.44%高于对照组满意率为69.23%,差异有统计学意义(χ²=11.169,P<0.05)。结论针对消化内科实习护士的带教采用层级培训模式可以有效提高护士的业务水平,提高实习护士临床护理能力,并且提高实习护士与带教护士对彼此双方的满意率。     

Understanding ‘caring’ through biopolitics: the case of nurses under the Nazi regime

These days, discussions of what might be the ‘essence’ or the ‘core’ of nursing and nursing practice sooner or later end in a discussion about the concept of care. Most of the ‘newer’ nursing theories use this concept as a theoretical core concept. Even though these theoretical approaches use the concept of care with very different philosophical foundations and theoretical consistency, they concur in defining care as the essence of nursing and thereby glorify goodness as the decisive characteristic of nursing. These theoretical approaches neglect the fact that nursing is above all a profession with a societal task and is characterized by an asymmetrical power relation between nurses and their patients. Based on the results of a research project that analysed the role nurses played in the killing of psychiatric patients in Germany during the Nazi regime, I demonstrate that an approach based on the concept of care is not able to explain how nurses were able to commit crimes of such atrocity. These crimes were bound to an emotional investment that sustained the production of ‘life unworthy of living’. In the case of nurses under the Nazi regime, certainly a kind of sadism was at issue that can only be explained if we recognize that the social bond is characterized by a certain tension; ‘goodness’ that caring theories assign to the social bond always coexists with the capacity for destruction. Using the Foucauldian theoretical framework of biopower and biopolitics enables one to analyse violence and power as integral parts of nurses' practice. Seen from this perspective, the killing of patients was part of a biopolitical programme and not a relapse into barbarism. The concept of care obscures the political agenda of nursing and does not provide a critical and political framework to analysing nursing practice.     

泌尿外科专科护士培训指标体系的构建

目的构建泌尿外科专科护士培训指标体系。方法2019年6—12月进行研究,首先成立研究小组,通过文献回顾、半结构式访谈初步构建指标体系,之后通过2轮Delphi专家咨询对指标进行修订,最终构建泌尿外科专科护士培训指标体系。结果构建的泌尿外科专科护士培训指标体系,包括一级指标3项,二级指标10项,三级指标48项。2轮专家的积极系数均为100%,2轮专家咨询的权威系数分别为0.856,0.903,2轮函询肯德尔和谐系数分别为0.302、0.337,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论研究构建的泌尿外科专科护士培训指标体系具有可靠性及科学性,可作为评价泌尿外科专科护士培训的工具。     

抢救心得交流在提高ICU护士急救能力中的应用

目的探讨抢救心得交流在提高ICU护士急救能力中的应用效果。方法根据ICU工作年限和工作能力进行分层管理,不同层次明确抢救心得的交流次数,确定交流范围和内容,由N3级及以上护士进行分析、点评、指导,护士长点评总结,择优进行表彰学习。结果护士应急理论、急救技能操作考核合格率及医生对护士抢救配合的满意度均提高(P0.01)。结论抢救心得交流能激发护士学习的主观能动性,提高ICU护士的急救能力。