Long-term renal function preservation after renal artery stenting in patients with progressive ischemic nephropathy.

We assessed the long-term effect of successful renal artery stent revascularization on renal function, blood pressure control, and survival in patients with progressive renal dysfunction due to ischemic nephropathy. Ischemic nephropathy presents a potentially serious risk of complete loss of renal function. Surgical renal revascularization is associated with significant risk of mortality/morbidity in this patient population. The potential role and long-term effect of renal artery stent revascularization in this patient population is not well defined. A cohort of 51 patients (mean age, 72 years; 52.9% men) with progressive azotemia, defined as a preprocedure serum creatinine (Scr) value of >or= 1.5 mg/dl and a negative slope of the reciprocal 1/Scr curve during the 12 months preceding revascularization, underwent successful primary stent deployment in 93 atherosclerotic renal artery lesions (42 bilateral, 9 solitary kidneys). Estimated glomerular filtration rate (EGFR) and serum creatinine values, blood pressure, antihypertensive medication requirements, and survival rates were monitored over a mean of 30-month follow-up. Renal artery duplex Doppler or renal angiography were performed at a mean of 13 months (range, 7-15 months) to assess stent patency. Stent implantation was successful in 92/93 (98.9%) stenotic renal arteries (mean preprocedure serum creatinine 2.3 +/- 0.9 mg/dl; range, 1.5-8.2 mg/dl). Forty-seven patients were eligible for 30-month follow-up of the procedural effect on renal function, blood pressure control, number of antihypertensive medications, and survival. At 1-year follow-up, the slope of the 1/Scr curve increased and the EGFR values significantly improved compared to preprocedure values (19.9 +/- 6.2 to 26.8 +/- 10.1 ml/min; P < 0.0001), serum creatinine decreased from the mean preprocedure value to 1.75 +/- 0.69 mg/dl (P < 0.001), with renal function improvement or stabilization observed in 94% of patients; three patients (7.3%) required permanent hemodialysis during the 30-month follow-up period. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure significantly decreased (from 177 +/- 28 to 148 +/- 25 mm Hg and from 92 +/- 15 to 78 +/- 14 mm Hg, respectively; P < 0.001) with fewer antihypertensive medications required to control blood pressure (3.5 +/- 0.9 vs. 1.9 +/- 1.3; P < 0.001). The patient survival rate after 30-month follow-up was 87%, with three deaths related to end-stage renal failure. Renal artery stent revascularization reversed progressive renal dysfunction within the first 12 months and maintained the improved level of renal function at 30-month follow-up while improving blood pressure control and reducing the number of antihypertensive medication requirements. Renal stent revascularization should be considered a valid therapeutic option for the long-term treatment of ischemic nephropathy.     

急性缺血性卒中的动脉内溶栓治疗

近年来,多中心研究证实动脉内溶栓是治疗急性脑梗死的有效方法。文章对动脉内溶栓治疗的时间窗、治疗前评价、病例和药物选择等研究现状做了综述。     

脑肿消方对缺血性中风急性期脑水肿作用的实验研究

目的观察脑肿消方对局灶性脑缺血大鼠脑水肿的影响,并初步探讨其作用机制.方法采用线栓法建立局灶性脑缺血模型,观察大鼠脑系数、脑含水量、全血黏度、红细胞聚集指数、脑组织脂质过氧化物丙二醛(MDA)及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的含量变化.结果脑肿消方大、小剂量组及维脑路通组均可不同程度地降低脑系数和脑组织含水量,降低全血黏度及红细胞聚集指数,降低脑组织中MDA含量,升高SOD活性,以脑肿消方大剂量组作用最优,与模型组比较,有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论脑肿消方对局灶性脑缺血大鼠脑水肿有防治作用,其机制可能与改善机体血流动力学和提高机体抗氧化能力有关.     

心电图联合超声心动图在心肌病类型鉴别中的应用

目的探讨心电图(ECG)联合超声心动图(UCG)在临床鉴别诊断心肌病类型中的应用价值。方法选取确诊的扩张性心肌病患者66例(Dc组)和缺血性心肌病患者62例(Ic组),2组患者均进行ECG联合UCG检查,观察心功能等检测结果、心脏形态变化及瓣膜返流情况差异。结果 Dc组各腔室扩大程度、二尖瓣E点至室间隔间距及Rv6/Rmax显著高于Ic组,左室射血分数、每搏量显著低于Ic组(P0.05);Dc组形态变化以弥漫性运动障碍(100.00%)和左室呈球形运动(87.88%)为主,Ic组以室壁矛盾运动(93.55%)及左室拱门形运动(80.65%)为主,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);2组存在多种瓣膜返流并存状况,且均以二尖瓣为主(P0.05),Dc组主动脉瓣膜、肺动脉瓣膜及三尖瓣膜的返流几率显著高于Ic组(P0.05)。结论扩张型和缺血型心肌病患者在ECG联合UCG检查中存在显著特征差异,可为鉴别诊断提供参考。     

纳络酮对缺氧缺血性脑病新生儿NPY、β-EP、NSE和炎症因子表达的影响

目的探讨纳络酮对缺氧缺血性脑病新生儿NPY、β-EP、NSE和炎症因子表达的影响。方法将54例缺氧缺血性脑病新生儿随机分为对照组27例和观察组27例。对照组进行常规缺氧缺血性脑病治疗,观察组在常规治疗基础上加用纳洛酮进行治疗。比较2组患儿治疗前和治疗后1、2、3 d的血清NPY、β-EP、NSE和促炎介质、抑炎介质水平。结果治疗后1、2、3 d,观察组的血清NPY、β-EP、NSE和促炎介质、抑炎介质水平均显著低于对照组(P0.05)。结论纳络酮能积极改善缺氧缺血性脑病新生儿NPY、β-EP、NSE和炎症因子的表达。     

缺血预处理在肢体再灌注损伤中的保护作用及一氧化氮、内皮素1的变化

目的分析无创性肢体缺血预处理(IPC)对肢体缺血再灌注损伤的干预效果以及NO和ET-1的变化。方法30只大鼠随机均分为对照组和实验组,对照组未经过缺血预处理,直接止血2、3、4 h;实验组经过缺血预处理后,于第2天分别止血2、3、4 h。依次于恢复肢体血流(再灌注)后1、3、7、14 d时抽取血液检测ET-1、NO的水平。结果大鼠体内NO和ET-1在第1、3、7、14天内呈先递增后递减的趋势,实验组NO在第3天缺血4 h时达最大值,对照组NO在第7天缺血2 h时达高峰;实验组ET-1在第7天缺血3h时达最大值,对照组ET-1在第3天4 h时达最大值,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。实验组NO在大鼠血液中第1、3、7天的含量在缺血2 h和3 h时均显著低于对照组(P0.01);第14天时,仅缺血2 h时显著低于对照组(P0.01);实验组ET-1在大鼠血液中第1、3、7天的含量在缺血各时间段时均显著低于对照组(P0.01);第14天时,仅缺血3 h时显著低于对照组(P0.01)。结论缺血预处理改变了缺血再灌注损伤后血清NO与ET-1的水平。     

益气活血法治疗缺血性脑卒中恢复期患者的临床疗效及对hs-CRP、Fg、HCY水平的影响

目的探讨益气活血法治疗缺血性脑卒中恢复期患者的临床疗效及其对血清超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP),血浆纤维蛋白原(Fg)、血浆同型半胱氨酸(HCY)。方法选取缺血性脑卒中恢复期患者125例,随机分为观察组62例和对照组63例,对照组给予常规治疗,恢复期给予常规康复训练。观察组在对照组的基础上加用益气活血通络方。均以4周为1个疗程。观察2组治疗前后神经功能缺损程度评分、Barthel指数评分、中医血瘀证症状积分,及临床疗效和hs-CRP、Fg、HCY水平。结果2组患者治疗后神经功能缺损程度评分、血瘀证的症状积分均较治疗前显著降低(P0.05或P0.01),Barthel指数评分均较治疗前显著提高(P0.01)。治疗后,观察组神经功能缺损程度评分、血瘀证的症状积分均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05或P0.01)。观察组临床总有效率为87.10%,高于对照组的66.67%,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。在血瘀证症状疗效方面,观察组总有效率为72.58%,高于对照组的42.86%,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。2组患者治疗后hs-CRP、Fg、HCY水平均较治疗前下降,差异有统计学意义(P0.05或P0.01),观察组治疗后hs-CRP、Fg、HCY水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05或P0.01)。结论益气活血法用于治疗缺血性脑卒中恢复期患者能提高临床疗效,改善神经功能。     

血清IL-18、Caspase-3水平与新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病的相关性

目的探讨血清白介素-18(IL-8)、天冬氨酸特异性半胱氨酸蛋白酶-3(Caspase-3)与新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病(HIE)的相关性。方法 HIE患儿50例为HIE组,正常足月新生儿30例为对照组。2组新生儿均在出生后1 d、3 d、7 d采集外周静脉血,分离血清ELISA法检测血清中IL-8、Caspase-3水平。结果 HIE组轻度患儿血清IL-18、Caspase-3水平与对照组无显著差异(P0.05)。出生1 d、3 d、7 d后,HIE组中度、重度患儿血清IL-18、Caspase-3水平显著高于轻度(P0.05),重度患儿血清IL-18、Caspase-3水平显著高于中度(P0.05)。出生3 d时,HIE组中度、重度患儿血清IL-18、Caspase-3水平显著高于出生1d、7d(P0.05)。HIE患者的IL-8和Caspase-3水平无相关性。结论 IL-8、Caspase-3均参与了新生儿HIE的病理生理过程,血清IL-8、Caspase-3水平与HIE病情轻重与病程变化密切相关。