肺结核住院患者营养风险现况及影响因素的调查研究

目的 对肺结核患者营养现状进行调查并分析其影响因素。方法 采取便利抽样法，选取江苏省南京市某结核病定点医院2022年5月至6月116例肺结核住院患者为研究对象，应用营养风险筛查量表（NRS2002）进行营养风险筛查，使用卡方检验、t检验、单因素方差分析、多重线性回归分析探讨营养风险差异及影响因素。结果 住院肺结核患者营养不良的发生率为 25.9%；单因素分析结果显示，结核分类、性别、年龄、患者家庭经济状况、自理能力评分不同的患者，NRS2002评分差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；而文化程度、婚姻状况不同的患者，NRS2002评分差异无统计学差异（P＞0.05）。多因素 Logistic 回归分析结果显示，结核分类、家庭经济状况、自理能力为营养不良的影响因素（P＜0.05）。结论 住院肺结核患者营养不良发生率较高，且受到多种因素影响，临床工作者需综合以上因素，采取有针对性的干预措施，动态评估肺结核患者的营养状态，可为进一步的营养支持及营养护理提供科学依据。     

Narrative review of inpatient nutritional management of anorexia nervosa with management recommendations for Australian tertiary health services

Background

Patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) may experience life-threatening malnutrition-related complications requiring inpatient medical stabilisation. Several management guidelines have been developed but discrepancies exist because of limited high-level evidence.

Aims

To review the evidence base for recommendations contained in Victorian health services guidelines for the nutritional management of inpatients with AN.

Methods

MEDLINE and Embase databases were searched for published studies on the nutritional management of inpatients with AN, combined with a manual search through citations. Studies including patients with AN aged 16 years and older were included. Case reports, small case series of <10 patients, studies of nonmedical management and studies with an exclusive paediatric population were excluded. The search results were compared with AN inpatient medical management guidelines sourced from large tertiary health services across Victoria, Australia.

Results

The search yielded 584 studies, subsequently reduced to nine studies using the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results suggest that commencing refeeding at a higher caloric value allows faster weight gain and shorter hospitalisation. Enteral tube feeding is preferential to parenteral nutrition because of infrequent and milder complications. Zinc supplementation showed a doubled rate of body mass index increase compared with placebo. Comparison with Victorian health services guidelines revealed inconsistent recommendations for high-calorie refeeding and micronutrient supplementation.

Conclusion

The evidence supports high-calorie refeeding of 2000 kcal/day in AN inpatient medical management and zinc supplementation in improving the rate of weight restoration. This is inconsistently reflected in different Victorian health services guidelines. Updated national consensus guidelines could assist in improving consistency of evidence-based health care.     

思维导图在风湿科住院患者入院指导中的应用

目的评价思维导图在风湿科住院患者入院指导中的应用效果。方法将风湿科首次住院的87例患者按随机数字表法分为观察组(43例)和对照组(44例),观察组使用思维导图法进行入院指导,对照组按常规采用口头宣教形式进行入院指导,分别对两组患者进行入院指导满意度测评。结果观察组对入院指导的满意度评分显著高于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论采用思维导图对住院患者进行入院指导,方法简便、实用、有效,尤其适用于老年人以及文化水平较低的人群。