Malaria detection with the Sysmex XE-2100 hematology analyzer using pseudoeosinophilia and abnormal WBC scattergram

Recent investigation using the Sysmex XE-2100 hematology analyzer (Sysmex Corporation, Japan) has demonstrated erroneously high eosinophil counts and abnormal white blood cell (WBC) scattergrams in malaria cases. This study was conducted to assess the diagnostic efficiency of the Sysmex XE-2100 analyzer for malaria. One hundred forty-four patients initially diagnosed with Plasmodium vivax infection, 319 patients with febrile illness, and 24 patients who underwent malaria treatment were analyzed. Atypical features on Sysmex XE-2100 analyzer were categorized as pseudoeosinophilia (a gap of more than 5% in eosinophil counts between the Sysmex XE-2100 analyzer and microscopic examination) and abnormal WBC scattergram. Pseudoeosinophilia or abnormal WBC scattergram were detected in 100 of 144 malaria-positive samples (sensitivity 69.4%, specificity 100%). The samples with pseudoeosinophilia or abnormal WBC scattergrams showed significantly higher parasite counts than the samples without pseudoeosinophilia or an abnormal WBC scattergram (P<0.05). All 24 samples from patients for whom the malaria smear was repeated after malaria treatment was initiated showed a normalized eosinophil count and a normal WBC histogram. In conclusion, attention to differential count and WBC scattergrams provided by the Sysmex XE-2100 would be a valuable tool in malaria detection.     

Use of allogeneic stem cell transplantation for moderate–severe Glanzmann thrombasthenia

Glanzmann thrombasthenia (GT) is a rare, autosomal recessive coagulopathy characterized by either qualitative or quantitative abnormalities of the membrane glycoprotein αIIbβ3 complex leading to bleeding tendencies, ranging from purpura to life-threatening hemorrhage. Although patients can be managed with supportive measures including platelet transfusions, complications such as alloimmunization are possible. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) can be indicated in severe cases of GT. We report the case of an eight-month-old girl diagnosed with moderate–severe GT, who was successfully treated with a reduced-intensity, human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-identical ASCT.     

Time course of the hemoglobin mass response to natural altitude training in elite endurance cyclists

To determine the time course of hemoglobin mass (Hb_mass) to natural altitude training, Hb_mass, erythropoietin [EPO], reticulocytes, ferritin and soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) were measured in 13 elite cyclists during, and 10 days after, 3 weeks of sea level (n=5) or altitude (n=8, 2760 m) training. Mean Hb_mass, with a typical error of ～2%, increased during the first 11 days at altitude (mean ± standard deviation 2.9 ± 2.0%) and was 3.5 ± 2.5% higher than baseline after 19 days. [EPO] increased 64.2 ± 18.8% after 2 nights at altitude but was not different from baseline after 12 nights. Hb_mass and [EPO] did not increase in sea level. Reticulocytes (%) were slightly elevated in altitude at Days 5 and 12 (18.9 ± 17.7% and 20.4 ± 25.3%), sTfR was elevated at Day 12 (18.9 ± 15.0%), but both returned to baseline by Day 20. Hb_mass and [EPO] decreased on descent to sea level while ferritin increased. The mean increase in Hb_mass observed after 11 days (～300 h) of altitude training was beyond the measurement error and consitent with the mean increase after 300 h of simulated live high:train low altitude. Our results suggest that in elite cyclists, Hb_mass increases progressively with 3 weeks of natural altitude exposure, with greater increases expected as exposure persists.     

某血细胞分析仪尿红细胞MCV及RD W检出限探讨

目的：探讨Sysmex XS-800i血细胞分析仪可检出尿红细胞 MCV及RDW的最低尿红细胞计数值。方法经人工镜检确认之血尿样本30例,所有样本不加稀释液直接在Sysmex XS-800i血细胞分析仪上以末梢血模式进行检测,取得尿红细胞参数红细胞计数（RBC）、红细胞平均体积（MCV）、红细胞体积分布宽度（RDW）初始结果。根据尿红细胞计数初始结果,对血尿样本分别进行梯度稀释或梯度离心浓缩后再经Sysmex XS-800i血细胞分析仪以末梢血模式检测尿红细胞计数、MCV、RDW,测得每个样本各参数按红细胞计数由低到高排列的系列结果,以获得该仪器对各样本可检出尿红细胞MCV及RDW的最低尿红细胞计数值。结果 Sysmex XS-800i血细胞分析仪对本研究中30例血尿样本尿红细胞计数的最低检出值为0．01×10^12/L,符合厂家提供的该仪器对血红细胞计数最低检出限;Sysmex XS-800i 血细胞分析仪对尿红细胞 MCV、RDW的“检出限”以该仪器可检出尿红细胞 MCV、RDW时最低尿红细胞计数检测值表示,本研究中不同尿液样本其值存在差异,其中可检出尿红细胞 MCV 最低尿红细胞计数值为0．02×10^12/L～0．10×10^12/L,可检出尿红细胞RDW最低尿红细胞计数值为0．04×10^12/L～0．19×10^12/L。结论明确血细胞分析仪对尿红细胞参数的实际“检出限”是保证尿红细胞 MCV及RDW结果准确的前提条件。     

SysmexXS-800i血液分析仪性能评估

目的评估SysmexXS-800i血液分析仪的空白值、精密度、携带污染率、线性、准确度,核实仪器性能是否符合要求。方法以SysmexXS-800i血液分析仪为实验仪器,执行空白检测;使用EDTA—K2抗凝新鲜全血进行批内精密度测试;使用两个水平的血液学质控物进行日间精密度测试;测试仪器检测结果的携带污染率,评价仪器的自清洗效率;选取一份接近预期上限的高值全血样本,按比例进行梯度稀释并测定,进行线性验证;全血细胞计数（CBC）结果通过定期与规范操作检测系统进行比对来评估其测量准确度;采用五分类分析仪白细胞分类准确性试验评估白细胞分类准确度,其白细胞分类参考方法检测结果的可信区间采用精确概率法进行计算。结果各参数空白值、批内精密度、日间精密度、携带污染率均满足仪器要求。线性验证WBC、RBC、HGB、PLT均满足a值在1±0．05范围内,相关系数（r）≥O．975的要求。准确度：WBC6．63％,RBC2．97％,HGB3．39％,HCT2．78％,MCV3．37％,MCH3．33％,McHC2．80％,PLT10．24％;中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞、单核细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、嗜碱性粒细胞分类计数合格率100％,满足白细胞分类计数准确度的要求。结论SysmexXS-800i血液分析仪的使用性能经评估符合要求。     

新鲜抗凝全血对Sysmex不同型号血细胞分析仪比对评价

目的：用新鲜抗凝全血在不同型号的血细胞分析仪上测定,各项参数与参考仪器比较,校对检测仪器使得同一份样本在不同型号仪器上测定结果的一致性。方法用参加室间质评结果满意的 Sysmex XE-2100作为参考比对仪器,各仪器性能评价合格后,用不同浓度的抗凝全血在Sysmex XS-800i,Sysmex XT-4000i和Sysmex XT-1800i上进行测定,最后用Sysmex XE-2100测定结果作为靶值,分别与其它仪器的测定结果进行比对。结果 XS-800i与比对仪器 Sysmex-2100的偏倚：WBC 2.85％,RBC 1.44％,HGB 0.75％,HCT 2.11％和PLT 5.53％;XT4000i与比对仪器 Sysmex-2100的偏倚：WBC 1.26％,RBC 0.95％,HGB 0.68％,HCT 1.35％和 PLT 2.68％;XT-1800i与比对仪器 Sysmex-2100的偏倚：WBC 5.21％,RBC 1.96％,HGB 1.60％,HCT 1.96％和 PLT 4.95％,XT4000i,四台血细胞分析仪 WBC,RBC,HGB,HCT, MCV和PLT各项参数的偏倚都在允许范围。结论当实验室有多台血细胞分析仪时,应定期对血细胞分析仪保养维护并定期做好各仪器间比对,及时发现问题校准仪器,确保各仪器间测定结果的一致性,提高检测结果的准确性。     

上海地区成人网织红细胞参数参考区间调查

目的调查上海地区成人网织红细胞绝对值(RET#)和百分比(RET%)及分群值的参考区间。方法采用XE-2100全自动血液分析仪检测2 000名体检者(男1 116名,女884名)网织红细胞及其相关参数。采集所有对象乙二胺四乙酸二钾(EDTA-K2)抗凝静脉全血2 mL,2 h内完成检测。数据使用SPSS11.0软件进行统计分析。结果 RET%的参考区间:男(0.61~1.87)%,女(0.60~1.81)%;RET#的参考区间:男(0.030~0.096)×1012/L,女(0.025~0.082)×1012/L;低荧光网织红细胞比率(LFR)、中荧光网织红细胞比率(MFR)、高荧光网织红细胞比率(HFR)的参考区间男性分别为(80.8~97.1)%、(2.8~18.1)%、(0.0~2.3)%;女性分别为(82.3~97.9)%、(2.0~15.9)%、(0.0~1.8)%。不同年龄组间RET#和RET%差异无统计学意义(P=0.138和P=0.061),分群参数差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论建立了上海地区成人仪器法检测网织红细胞相关参数的参考区间,提高了网织红细胞检测的临床利用价值。     

Sysmex XE-2100血液分析仪临床应用评价

目的：系统评价Sysmex XE-2100血液分析仪的性能。方法参照CLSI、ICSH相关文件,对XE-2100血液分析仪的精密度、携带污染率、稳定性、线性、可比性、白细胞分类相关性、正确度进行评价。结果 Sysmex XE-2100血液分析仪的精密度、携带污染率均在仪器要求范围内,标本在4℃保存条件下全血细胞计数与分类有良好的稳定性,WBC、RBC、HGB、PLT的线性范围宽,不同进样模式间的结果偏差均小于1%,与LH780、XT-1800i的检测结果具有良好的可比性,白细胞分类与人工分类具有良好的相关性,WBC、RBC、HGB、HCT、PLT正确度的偏移均小于1/4CLIA＆#39;88允许总误差。结论 XE-2100五分类血液分析仪的性能评价均达到了其技术指标,能满足临床对血液分析的需求。     

医学实验室认可在临床血液学实验室的实践

通过ISO15189认可在临床血液学实验室的应用,总结了医学实验室在临床血液学领域建立并实施ISO15189质量管理体系的经验,介绍了准备医学实验室认可的过程及注意事项,以促进我国临床血液学检验领域医学实验室认可的发展和进步.