Effects of dynamic leg exercise on subcutaneous blood flow rate in the lower limb of man

Subcutaneous blood flow (SBF) was studied simultaneously in the upper arm at heart level and in the lower limb during positional changes and during leg exercise in seven healthy males. SBF was estimated by local clearance of ‘“Xenon registered by portable cadmium telluride detectors. Venous pressure was recorded directly on dorsum on the foot. Changinr the position from supine to head-up tilt, SBF decreased by 43 % (P < 0.01) at the arm level, 40% at the thigh (P < 0.01), 47% at the calf (P < 0.01) and decreased by 51 % at the ankle level (P < 0.01). Performing 20 heel-raisings per min in nearly erect posture, SBF increased by 96% at the thigh (P < 0.01), 25% at the calf (P > 0.1) and increased by 18% at the ankle level (P > 0.1). At 40 heel-raisings per min SBF increased by 99% at the thigh (P < 0.0 1), 121 % at the calf (P < 0.0 1), but only 44% at the ankle level (P > 0.1). During leg exercise subcutaneous vascular resistance was significantly increased at arm and ankle levels. In contrast, a vasodilatory response was noticed at the thigh and calf levels and seemed associated with a decrease in local venous pressure to below the trigger level of the sympathetic veno-arteriolar reflex mechanism. In conclusion, SBF in the lower limb of man was increased during exercise. The increase in SBF could only partly be ascribed to the concomitant increase in perfusion pressure. The local blood flow response seemed modified by changes in sympathetic nervous activity and metabolic rate.     

The prognostic value of maximal exercise testing soon after first myocardial infarction

The prognostic value of ST-segment depression during maximalexercise test performed in the third to fourth week after acutemyocardial infarction (AMI), was studied in 126 consecutivepatients with no evidence of previous myocardial infarction,unstable angina pectoris or severe heart failure. All patientson average increased their pressure-rate product by 2.6 andno complications occurred. Within the first year of follow-up,major cardiac events occurred in 9 patients (20%), and werefatal in 6 (13%), of the 46 patients who developed ST-segmentdepression during exercise. Only 3 major cardiac events (4%)occurred in the 80 patients without exercise induced ST-segmentdepression. Depression of the ST-segment on maximal exercisewas a significant predictor of subsequent cardiac events inthese survivors of first AMI.     

Deleterious effects of low-dose oestrogen theraphy on coronary status in patients with prostatic cancer

The effects of oestrogen therapy and of orchidectomy on coronarystauts, as reflected by exercise ECG-testing before and afteryear of tretment, were assessed in a randomized study of patients(N=100) prostatic cancer. Oestrogen was given as polyestradiolphosphate 80 mg i.m. per month in combination with 150 µgor in pre-traetment exercise test results Twelve months afterstart of therapy the oestrogen group showed a significantlygreater depression of the ST-segment during maximal exercisein leads CH₂ (P<0.0005) and CH⁵)P<0.01) compared withthe pre-treatment depression. Twenty-five per cent (N=13) ofthe patients in the oestrogen group suffered cardiovascularcomplications during the yera the of therapy, whereas no suchcomplications were observed in the orchidectomy group. However,even the patients in the oestrogen group who had not sufferedcardiovascular complications had significantly greater depressionsof the ST-segment during exercise both in lead CH₂ (P<0.0005)and in CH₅ (P<0.05). There was no significant change in theST-segment level in the orchidectomy group twelve months aftersurgery. In summary, we found of an induction of myocardialishaemia during treatment with exogenous oestrogens at low dosagein patients with prostatic. This deleterious effect of oestrogenon the coronary status argues against oestrogen therapy, sinceoedtrogen has not been shown to be more beneficial than orhidectomyagainst prostatic carcinoma.     

The effect of propranolol on exercise induced tachycardia is determined by plasma concentration and the density of adrenergic receptors on leukocytes

Summary The chronotropic response to a single oral dose of propranolol in 23 healthy subjects has been related to the plasma propranolol concentration and the density of -adrenoceptors on peripheral polymorphonuclear leucocytes. The percentage reduction in exercise-induced tachycardia was significantly correlated with the log plasma propranolol concentration within subjects but not between subjects. Taking the concentration of the active metabolite 4-hydroxypropranolol into account did not improve the interindividual correlation. The reduction in exercise-induced tachycardia was significantly correlated with the maximum binding density of (¹²⁵I)-hydroxybenzylpindolol on polymorphonuclear leucocyte membrane fragments measured before medication. A response index (% reduction in exercise-induced tachycardia/plasma propranolol concentration) was correlated with the maximum binding density of (¹²⁵I)-hydroxybenzylpindolol (predrug) at 2 h (r_s=0.72), 4 h (r_s=0.84) and 6 h (r_s=0.73) after dosing. The data suggest that interindividual variation in the response to propranolol after a single oral dose is determined by interindividual differences both in plasma propranolol and adrenoceptor density.     

三维护理管理对胸腔镜食管癌切除术患者呼吸功能锻炼依从性及自护能力的影响

目的探讨三维护理管理对胸腔镜食管癌切除术患者呼吸功能锻炼依从性及自护能力的影响。方法选取2018年2月至2020年4月我院收治的胸腔镜食管癌切除术患者40例,随机分为两组各20例。对照组给予常规护理,观察组在对照组基础上给予三维护理管理。比较两组护理前后的呼吸功能锻炼依从性及自护能力。结果护理后,观察组的呼吸功能锻炼依从性为95.00%,高于对照组的65.00%(P<0.05)。护理后,两组的ESCA评分均高于护理前,且观察组的ESCA评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论三维护理管理可有效提升胸腔镜食管癌切除术患者的呼吸功能锻炼依从性及自护能力。     

Sleep following intense physical exercise stabilizes motor learning in typically developing boys

There is compelling evidence that sleep (N2, REM sleep, but also N3) supports the consolidation of motor memory in adults. Although children express higher levels of REM sleep and N3, it is still not understood why sleep does not benefit the consolidation of motor memory in children as in adults. Here, we aimed to manipulate sleep by daytime physical exercise in typically developing boys (N = 12; range 9–12 yrs) to test the impact on sleep and motor learning. The manipulation consisted of 1 h of intense ergometer exercise during the daytime before a night of restorative sleep. In a rest control condition, children were seated comfortably and listened to an audio drama. Motor learning was assessed with a visuomotor finger sequence tapping task; in both conditions learning took place before either exercise or rest. Prior to sleep in the sleep laboratory, motor memory was assessed as a baseline. Motor memory was again collected in the morning after a night of sleep in the lab. While there was no change in N3, we found prolonged REM sleep latency after physical activity compared to rest, corresponding to a prolonged first sleep cycle. With respect to motor learning, we found superior accuracy of motor performance after physical exercise compared to rest. Our findings suggest that physical exercise during the daytime stabilizes sleep-dependent motor learning.     

Diet Quality of Elite Australian Athletes Evaluated Using the Athlete Diet Index

While athletes’ nutrient intakes have been widely reported, few studies have assessed the diet quality of athletes. This is the first study to evaluate the diet quality of athletes using the purpose-built Athlete Diet Index (ADI). A convenience sample of 165 elite athletes from Australian sporting institutions completed the ADI online, with subsequent automated results provided to their respective accredited sports dietitians (ASDs). At the completion of athlete participation, ASDs (n = 12) responded to a range of survey items using a Likert scale (i.e., 1 = strongly agree to 5 = strongly disagree) to determine the suitability of the ADI in practice. Differences in ADI scores for demographics and sport-specific variables were investigated using independent t-tests, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Bonferroni multiple comparisons. Spearman’s rank correlation was used to assess the association between total scores and demographics. The mean total ADI score was 91.4 ± 12.2 (range 53–117, out of a possible 125). While there was no difference in total scores based on demographics or sport-specific variables; team sport athletes scored higher than individual sport athletes (92.7 vs. 88.5, p < 0.05). Athletes training fewer hours (i.e., 0–11 h/week) scored higher on Dietary Habits sub-scores compared with athletes training more hours (≥12 h/week; p < 0.05), suggesting that athletes who train longer may be at risk of a compromised dietary pattern or less than optimal nutrition practices that support training. Most (75%) ASDs surveyed strongly agreed with the perceived utility of the ADI for screening athletes and identifying areas for nutrition support, confirming its suitability for use in practice.     

Body Composition Changes after a Weight Loss Intervention: A 3-Year Follow-Up Study

Studies comparing different types of exercise-based interventions have not shown a consistent effect of training on long-term weight maintenance. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of exercise modalities combined with diet intervention on body composition immediately after intervention and at 3 years’ follow-up in overweight and obese adults. Two-hundred thirty-nine people (107 men) participated in a 6-month diet and exercise-based intervention, split into four randomly assigned groups: strength group (S), endurance group (E), combined strength and endurance group (SE), and control group (C). The body composition measurements took place on the first week before the start of training and after 22 weeks of training. In addition, a third measurement took place 3 years after the intervention period. A significant interaction effect (group × time) (p = 0.017) was observed for the fat mass percentage. It significantly decreased by 5.48 ± 0.65%, 5.30 ± 0.65%, 7.04 ± 0.72%, and 4.86 ± 0.65% at post-intervention for S, E, SE, and C, respectively. Three years after the intervention, the fat mass percentage returned to values similar to the baseline, except for the combined strength and endurance group, where it remained lower than the value at pre-intervention (p < 0.05). However, no significant interaction was discovered for the rest of the studied outcomes, neither at post-intervention nor 3 years later. The combined strength and endurance group was the only group that achieved lower levels of fat mass (%) at both post-intervention and 3 years after intervention, in comparison with the other groups.     

Asprosin—A Fasting-Induced,Glucogenic, and Orexigenic Adipokine as a New Promising Player. Will It Be a New Factor in the Treatment of Obesity,Diabetes, or Infertility? A Review of the Literature

Asprosin is a recently discovered protein released during fasting conditions mainly by adipocytes from white adipose tissue. As a glucogenic peptide, it stimulates the release of glucose from hepatic cells by binding to the OLFR734 receptor and leading to the activation of the G protein-cAMP-PKA pathway. As it crosses the blood–brain barrier, it also acts as an orexigenic peptide that stimulates food intake through activation of AgRP neurons in the hypothalamus; thus, asprosin participates in maintaining the body’s energy homeostasis. Moreover, studies have shown that asprosin levels are pathologically elevated in obesity and related diseases. However, the administration of anti-asprosin antibodies can both normalize its concentration and reduce food intake in obese mice, which makes it an interesting factor to combat obesity and related diseases. Current research also draws attention to the relationship between asprosin and fertility, especially in men. Asprosin improves age- and obesity-related decrease in fertility potential by improving sperm motility. It should also be mentioned that plasma asprosin levels can be differentially modulated by physical activity; intense anaerobic exercise increases asprosin level, while aerobic exercise decreases it. However, further research is necessary to confirm the exact mechanisms of asprosin activity and its potential as a therapeutic target.