17β-雌二醇对子宫内膜异位症患者在位子宫内膜间质细胞β-catenin mRNA和蛋白表达的影响

目的研究17β-雌二醇(17β-E2)对子宫内膜异位症(内异症)患者在位子宫内膜间质细胞β-catenin mRNA和蛋白表达的影响,探讨Wnt/β-catenin信号通路在介导雌激素促进内异症发生发展的作用。方法体外分离培养内异症患者在位子宫内膜间质细胞。用不同浓度17β-E2处理子宫内膜间质细胞48 h;此后选用10-10mol/L 17β-E2处理子宫内膜间质细胞12、24和48 h,逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)和免疫印迹法(Western blotting)检测17β-E2处理前后子宫内膜间质细胞β-catenin mRNA和蛋白的表达水平。同法分析雌激素受体拮抗剂ICI182,780(10-6mol/L)对17β-E2促进β-catenin mRNA和蛋白表达的影响。免疫组织化学染色观察17β-E2作用后β-catenin在子宫内膜间质细胞中的定位。结果17β-E2能明显促进内异症患者在位子宫内膜间质细胞β-catenin mRNA和蛋白的表达,并呈剂量和时间依赖性,于10-10mol/L作用48 h最明显。雌激素受体拮抗剂ICI182,780能明显抑制17β-E2对子宫内膜间质细胞β-catenin mRNA和蛋白的表达。免疫组织化学染色发现17β-E2能促进β-catenin在子宫内膜间质细胞核内的表达。结论雌激素可能通过激活Wnt/β-catenin信号通路促进内异症在位子宫内膜的异位种植。     

5-单硝异山梨酯缓释剂治疗老年单纯收缩期高血压疗效观察

目的 观察5-单硝异山梨酯缓释剂（ISMN）对老年单纯收缩期高血压（ISH）患者降压治疗的疗效。方法 80例ISH患者随机分为对照组39例和治疗组41例，对照组给予氨氯地平5mg，吲达帕安2．5mg每日1次口服，治疗组在上述治疗的基础上给予5-单硝异山梨酯缓释剂40mg每日1次口服，疗程4周。结果 （1）治疗组从第一周开始收缩压（SBP）下降幅度即大于对照组，先于对照组于第二周降至正常，差异有显著性（P〈0．05）；（2）从第一周开始治疗组舒张压（DBP）下降幅度即小于对照组（P〈0．05），第三周开始差距加大，差异有非常显著性（P〈0．01），整个观察期内治疗组DBP下降幅度始终小于对照组，且从第二周开始处于相对稳定状态；（3）第一周开始治疗组脉压（PP）下降幅度即大于对照组（P〈0．05），第二周开始差距进一步加大，差异有非常显著性（P〈0．01）。结论 硝酸酯类药物能降低ISH患者的SBP,而对DBP影响不大，使PP减小，对ISH患者降压治疗有益。     

TEN YEARS' EXPERIENCE IN LOW VISION PRACTICE

The Low Vision Clinic at the Palmerston North Hospital has now been oerating for 70 years. Over the course of these ten years a number of factors have emerged which can be as readily applied to general ophthalmological practice as to low vision practice. The philosophy of low vision care is one of which all ophthalmologists should be aware and includes factors to be taken into account when dealing with children, people in the workplace, and everyday factors involved in daily living activities, all of which are equally relevant in routine ophthalmological practice. This paper endeavours to share some thoughts on these factors and also discusses means by which the visually handicapped can be helped in areas where specialist low vision services are not readily available.     

小剂量阿司匹林与银可络联用对老年患者血液流变学异常的影响

目的探讨小剂量阿司匹林与银可络联用对老年患者血液流变学异常的影响。方法57例老年病人并伴有高凝、高粘血症者采用小剂量阿司匹林50mg,口服,1次/d,银可络80mg,口服,3次/d。疗程为1个月。并测定治疗前后血液流变学各项参数。结果病例组治疗后血小板粘附率(PadT)、血栓长度、重量与对照组比较均有显著性差异(P均<0.01);治疗后红细胞刚性指数(IR)、血沉(ESR)、红细胞电泳时间(EFT)、全血表现粘度(BAV)与治疗前比较均有显著性差异(P均<0.001);病例组治疗后红细胞比积(HCT)、纤维蛋白原(Fib)、血浆比粘度(PV)与对照组比较均无显著性差异(P均>0.05)。结论小剂量阿司匹林与银可络联合治疗对血栓形成过程有抑制作用,红细胞变形能力和聚集性有所改善。但对Fib,PV,HCT无影响。     

Removal of famotidine by haemodialysis in elderly anuric patients

Summary The effect of haemodialysis on the pharmacokinetics of oral famotidine has been studied in five elderly anuric patients. Famotidine 20 mg was administered in a cross-over design to patients on and not on haemodialysis.The elimination rate constant of haemodialysis (k) was 4.6-fold larger than the systemic elimination rate constant (k_e). Although the mean maximum serum concentration of famotidine during haemodialysis (141.5 ng·ml^–1) was not significantly lower than that without haemodialysis (195.6 ng·ml^–1), the AUC up to 5 h during haemodialysis was significantly decreased to 58.1% of the value without it.The data suggest that famotidine is dialysable by haemodialysis.     

FEASIBILITY OF CONDUCTING CARDIOVASCULAR OUTCOME RESEARCH IN AUSTRALIAN GENERAL PRACTICE: RESULTS FROM THE ANBP2 PILOT STUDY

1. The present study aimed to determine the feasibility of conducting a 5 year cardiovascular outcome trial of the treatment of 6000 elderly hypertensive patients in Australian general practices. 2. General practitioners (GPs) were invited to participate by mail and personal follow-up. Patient records were reviewed to identify subjects for a blood pressure (BP) screening programme. Blood pressure was measured on three occasions and eligible subjects were included if the average BP was 160 mmHg systolic or 90 mmHg diastolic if systolic BP was 140 mmHg. 3. Seven hundred and forty-one GPs were approached and 89 were enrolled in the study (12% of mail invites and 75% of those receiving a personal contact). In 16 practices where screening was completed, 82 000 records were reviewed to identify 4% patients eligible for screening. Twenty-two per cent of eligible subjects attended screening. Of 1938 subjects screened, 180 (9%) had BP 5=160/90 mmHg. Forty-seven percent of subjects (n = 916) were receiving antihypertensive therapy and 184 (20%) were withdrawn from therapy. One hundred and sixteen (63%) of these subjects had BP return to study entry levels within 6 weeks. Fifty-seven newly diagnosed and 81 previously treated subjects were randomized (7% of the screened population). 4. Based on the high participation rate of GPs, the response rate of patients to attend a BP screening programme and the 7% randomization to screening ratio for entry into the study, the ANBP2 pilot study has demonstrated that it is feasible to recruit subjects from Australian general practices to a cardiovascular outcome trial.     

Preconditions for and consequences of self-determination: the psychiatric patient's point of view

In the context of an interview study concerned with self-determination in psychiatric patients, this paper describes the preconditions for and consequences of self-determination from the point of view of psychiatric patients themselves. The data were collected in semi-structured interviews with long-term psychiatric patients ( n =72) and analysed using the method of content analysis. Responses on the preconditions for self-determination were grouped into three categories: firstly, there were those who said that reference to self-determination in the case of psychiatric patients is nonsense; secondly, there were those who said that self-determination requires no preconditions; and thirdly, there were those who said that there are certain preconditions, such as the ability to think and make decisions, activity, obedience, and illness. Both positive and negative consequences were identified in situations where self-determination is maintained, but only negative consequences in situations where self-determination is lost. On the basis of these tentative results, self-determination seemed to be relevant in psychiatric nursing. We are continuing to develop and test an instrument for the evaluation of the opportunity for self-determination in clinical practice.     

心包内处理肺血管及心房部分切除治疗中心型肺癌

１９８７年５月至１９９３年１２月对１６例较晚期肺癌采用心包内处理肺血管及心房部分切除的方法作了全肺切除术，肿瘤均为中心型。ＣＴ扫描显示隆突下或主肺动脉窗淋巴结肿大者占５０％，术中见肺动脉，肺静脉均受累者８例，肺静脉受累者６例，２例作左心室部分切除，１５例恢复良好，１例术中大出血致心脏停搏，复苏后并发脑水肿昏迷死亡。我们认为，心包内处理肺血管全肺切除提高了手术切除率，且手术过程较安全可靠，作者对这种     

老年重症急性胰腺炎手术治疗探讨

目的：讨论老年重症急性胰腺炎的手术治疗。方法：我院1984年1月－2000年10月共收治60岁以上手术证实的重症急性胰腺炎26例，本对其手术治疗的方法和时机以及相应的并发症和死亡率进行回顾性分析。结果：本组术后死亡6例，其中4例死于MOF，2例死于ARDS。在发病24小时内手术8例中无1例死亡，24－36小时内手术14例有2例死亡，36小时后手术4例均死亡。结论：老年重症胰腺炎患多伴有心、肺、肾等重要器官慢性疾病，脏器代偿功能差，较易出现MOF，因此如有手术指证或经短期非手术治疗效果不明显，应及时手术，并在术中和术后采用合理的治疗措施，有利于减少术后并发症，降低手术死亡率。     

Efficacy of piribedil as early combination to levodopa in patients with stable Parkinson's disease: a 6-month, randomized, placebo-controlled study.

Piribedil is a non-ergot D2/D3 agonist with a significant antagonist action on alpha2A and alpha2C adrenergic receptor subtypes. This double-blind placebo-controlled study was undertaken to confirm the efficacy of 150 mg/day piribedil po in improving motor symptoms of idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) in nonfluctuating patients insufficiently controlled by a stable daily dose of levodopa (L-dopa). Efficacy was assessed using the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) III score as primary criterion over 4 months. A second comparison was planned at 6 months, after possible adjustment of L-dopa. At 4 months, the rate of response, defined as a 30% decrease from baseline on UPDRS III score, was significantly greater with piribedil compared with placebo (56.4% vs. 37.7%; P = 0.040). At 6 months, the better efficacy of piribedil was maintained (61.8% of responders vs. 39.6% on placebo; P = 0.020). The difference between groups on UPDRS III change from baseline reached statistical significance only at 6 months: -10.0 points in the piribedil group vs. -6.7 points in the placebo group (P = 0.037). Secondary end-points were not significantly different. The most frequently reported adverse events were gastrointestinal symptoms (27 of 61 patients in the piribedil group vs. 13 of 54 patients in the placebo group). In conclusion, a 6-month oral administration of 150 mg/day piribedil in combination with L-dopa is well tolerated, except for minor gastrointestinal symptoms at the beginning of the treatment and significantly improves motor symptoms compared with placebo in PD nonfluctuating patients.