多形式健康教育干预对老年COPD患者健康行为的影响*

目的：探讨多形式健康教育对老年COPD患者健康行为的影响。方法：将76例老年COPD患者分为试验组40例,对照组36例,试验组患者在讲座教育、个体化教育与出院随访中运用多媒体、健康教育手册、口头宣教、技能示范、网络学习、经验介绍等多形式健康教育进行干预,对照组按常规方式进行健康教育。在干预前与干预6个月后,对两组患者进行焦虑情绪、家庭支持、控烟情况及呼吸功能锻炼依从性评价。结果：干预6个月后试验组患者焦虑情绪、家庭支持、控烟情况及呼吸功能锻炼依从性比对照组患者有所缓解,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：多形式健康教育可缓解老年COPD患者的焦虑情绪,提高家庭支持率,降低吸烟率,提高呼吸功能锻炼依从性。运用健康信念模式教育可明显提高老年COPD患者的自我护理能力,提高患者的生存质量。     

大龄近视患者LASIK的特点及临床分析

目的:探讨对大龄近视患者施行准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术(LASIK)的手术设计特点及疗效。方法:对48例、96眼≥40岁的近视患者行LASIK治疗,并对术前屈光度、预矫度数、手术疗效等与对照组(<40岁,54例、108眼)进行比较分析。结果:大龄近视患者术后6月时远视力平均为0.97±0.30,虽然低于同期低龄对照组足矫视力(1.18±0.19),但优于拟矫度数眼镜时对应的平均视力(0.74±0.16)。近视力达到J1的比例低于对照低龄组,干眼的症状比低龄组明显。结论:大龄近视患者进行LASIK手术安全、有效。鉴于年龄所造成的老视,需减少实际度数矫正,以兼顾术后远、近视力。     

女性尿毒症患者血液透析前后心理变化

目的：研究女性尿毒症患者开始血液透析前后的心理变化。方法在血液透析前及血液透析后2月,采用症状自评量表（ SCL-90-R）进行调查。结果所选72例女性尿毒症患者血液透析前躯体化,强迫,抑郁,恐怖,精神病性心理变化高于血液透析后,前后比较具有显著性差异（t值分别为6．207、10．160、3．425、9．596和5．808,均P＜0．01）,血液透析前后人际关系、焦虑、敌对、偏执比较无显著性差异（t值分别为1．069、1．058、1．758和1．944,均P＞0．05）。结论女性尿毒症患者透析前后心理变化不同,血液透析可减轻女性尿毒症患者的心理负担。     

重症患者发生腹泻的相关因素分析和护理现状(综述)

重症患者因基础疾患多、免疫功能低下、抗生素联合长期应用、侵袭性操作多及肠内营养等因素,易导致腹泻,既加重了患者原有的病情,延长了病程,又增加了经济负担。目前重症患者腹泻的预防和处理已成为护理研究的重要内容,越来越受到人们的重视。     

Can Botulinum Toxin-A Contribute to Reconstructing the Physiological Homeostasis of the Masticatory Complex in Short-Faced Patients during Occlusal Therapy? A Prospective Pilot Study

The physiological homeostasis of the masticatory complex in short-faced patients is too robust to be disintegrated and reconstructed due to the powerful masseter muscle. This study innovatively introduced the botulinum toxin-A (BTX-A) into the field of dental occlusal treatment, providing a novel and minimally invasive therapy perspective for the two major clinical problems in these patients (low treatment efficiency and high rates of complications). In total, 10 adult patients with skeletal low angle seeking occlusal treatment (age: 27.0 ± 6.1 years; 4 males and 6 females) were administered 30–50 U of BTX-A in each masseter muscle and evaluated before and 3 months after injection based on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). We found a significant reduction in the thickness of the masseter muscle (MMT) (p < 0.0001). With regards to occlusion, we found a significant increase in the height of the maxillary second molar (U7-PP) (p < 0.05) with significantly flattened occlusal curves (the curve of Spee [COS] (p < 0.01), and the curve of Wilson [COW] (p < 0.05)). Furthermore, the variations in the temporomandibular joint exhibited a significant reduction in the anterior joint space (AJS) (p < 0.05) and superior joint space (SJS) (p < 0.05). In addition, the correlation analysis of the masticatory complex provided the basis for the following multiple regression equation: MMT = 10.08 − 0.11 COW + 2.73 AJS. The findings from our pilot study indicate that BTX-A, as a new adjuvant treatment attempt of occlusal therapy for short-faced patients, can provide a more favorable muscular environment for subsequent occlusal therapy through the adjustment of the biting force and may contribute to the reconstruction of healthier homeostasis of the masticatory complex. However, further research is required to establish the reliability and validity of these findings.     

Validation of the Italian Version of the SARC-F Questionnaire to Assess Sarcopenia in Older Adults

Background: SARC-F is a simple sarcopenia screening tool. This study aimed to examine the validity of the Italian version of SARC-F. Methods: A total of 97 elderly individuals (37/60 males/females, 65 years and older) who met the study’s selection criteria were included. SARC-F was translated into the Italian language in a culturally responsive manner. The total score was calculated by adding the scores on the five items. The participants were divided into two groups according to the total score (SARC-F < 4 vs. SARC-F ≥ 4), and their associations with various factors (handgrip test, chair stand test, and Skeletal Muscle Index assessed by DXA) have been examined by gender. In addition, the tool’s validity was analyzed by comparing it with different international working group diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia. Results: The total prevalence of sarcopenia according to the SARC-F was 14.2% and, specifically, 12.8% among men and 14.3% in women. The sensitivity of the SARC-F was (male (M): 11–50% and female (F): 22–36%) medium-low compared with the European, international, and Asian criteria of sarcopenia; however, SARC-F showed a high specificity (M: 77.3–100% and F: 79.5–100%) and a moderate Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of (0.669 (CI95%: 0.358–0.830). The participants in the SARC-F ≥ 4 group had poorer handgrip for EWGSOP2 (p < 0.001) and chair stand (p < 0.001) than the participants in the SARC-F < 4 group. Conclusions: The Italian language version of SARC-F showed high specificity, moderate reliability, and good associations with other predictive tests. The Italian version of SARC-F appears to be a useful screening tool for the diagnosis of sarcopenia in Italian elderly populations.     

Effects of Internet-Based Nutrition and Exercise Interventions on the Prevention and Treatment of Sarcopenia in the Elderly

Effective nutrition and exercise interventions may improve sarcopenia in the elderly. The purpose of our study was to investigate the effectiveness of Internet-based nutrition and exercise interventions in the elderly with sarcopenia. Participants were divided into 4 groups: control, nutrition, exercise, and comprehensive (nutrition plus exercise) groups; there was at least 50 participants in each group. Our trial lasted 12 weeks. We conducted dietary and exercise interventions through an app and collected feedback from the participants every three weeks. Information on the diet, skeletal muscle mass, and muscle function was collected before and after the interventions. The comprehensive group had higher high-quality protein intake than the control (p = 0.017) and exercise (p = 0.012) groups. After the interventions, we obtained differences in skeletal muscle mass, skeletal muscle mass/height², skeletal muscle mass/weight, muscle mass/BMI, and skeletal muscle mass/body fat percentage (p < 0.05). Changes in average daily energy and total daily protein intakes were not significantly different; however, there was an overall improvement in the intervention groups relative to baseline data. There were no changes in the average daily time of moderate physical activity. The Internet was an effective tool of nutrition intervention in the elderly with sarcopenia. The Internet-based nutrition intervention improved high-quality protein intake and skeletal muscle mass in the elderly with sarcopenia.     

Prevalence and correlates of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among the elderly in Qatar: A cross-sectional study

Older individuals are more vulnerable to severe coronavirus disease 2019 and medical complications. Vaccination stands as an efficient and safe vanguard against infection. However, negative attitudes and perceptions pertaining to available vaccines might hinder community inoculation. The aim of this study was to assess vaccine hesitancy and its psychosocial determinants among the elderly in Qatar.We conducted a cross-sectional study between October 15 and November 15, 2020, using a composite online survey including the Vaccine Attitudes Examination Scale in addition to questions on sociodemographic correlates and the role of healthcare professionals.The vaccine hesitancy rate was 19.5%. The main reasons for willingness to vaccinate included understanding the nature of disease and role of vaccination, in addition to information provided by physicians. Fears mainly centered around vaccine safety. Vaccine hesitators were more likely to be non-Qatari and having received the influenza vaccine at least once. Gender, marital status, socioeconomic status, educational level, and having completed childhood vaccinations were not associated with vaccine hesitancy.Efforts should be directed toward raising awareness of vaccine efficacy and safety profiles. Physicians should additionally be educated about their pivotal role in advocating vaccine acceptance. We recommend reassessing vaccine hesitancy and its associated factors following a year of campaigning and vaccine administration to identify and target vulnerable groups.     

社区老年前列腺增生患者的情感护理效果分析

目的探讨社区老年前列腺增生患者的情感护理方法。方法采用自身对照的方法对82例社区老年前列腺增生患者进行情感护理。结果运用情感护理六个月后患者感到紧张、疲劳乏力、注意力难以集中、抑郁和不高兴、易怒烦躁,对性兴趣异常等情感症状均有明显改善。经χ2检验,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论根据社区老年前列腺增生患者存在的不同情感障碍给予适当对症疏导,有针对性的进行情感接触与交流,认真倾听等情感支持方法有效。     

“邵氏保肺功”对肺癌术后老年患者生活质量影响的临床研究

目的 研究“邵氏保肺功”配合耳穴贴压对肺癌术后老年患者生活质量的影响。方法 选取符合纳入标准的肺癌术后老年患者96例,采用分层区组设计,将患者按自主意愿分入治疗组与对照组,剔除脱落病例后每组42例。治疗组采取“邵氏保肺功”功法锻炼共12周,对照组不进行功法锻炼。分别于入组时、干预12周后以及入组1年后对患者进行肺癌患者生活质量量表(FACT-L)、中医证候积分评估。结果 两组生活质量量表评分比较P<0.05,差异有统计学意义,治疗组在生活质量方面的改善优于对照组。两组中医证候评分比较P<0.05,差异有统计学意义,治疗组在中医证候评分的改善优于对照组。结论 邵氏保肺功可明显提高肺癌术后患者的生活质量,具有长期疗效,临床使用副作用少,治疗成本低,易于推广应用。