Subcortical afferent projection systems in Huntington's chorea

Summary The number and nucleolar volume of nerve cells within the nucleus basalis of Meynert, locus caeruleus, substantia nigra and dorsal raphe were examined in five patients with Huntington's chorea. No significant changes in nerve cell number were noted in any area in any patient and, although nucleolar volume was reduced in nerve cells of locus caeruleus and substantia nigra in four patients, this was considered to reflect medication rather than to be related to the disease process itself. It is concluded that the subcortical afferent projection systems of the mid-brain and brain stem are unaffected in Huntington's chorea and that the dementia in such patients most likely relates to changes within the cerebral cortex and/or damage to corticopetal pathways within the basal ganglia.Supported in part by the North Western Regional Health Authority     

拇趾及第二趾供血系统的彩超检测与临床应用

目的　获得拇趾、第二趾供血系统彩超检查的资料 ,探讨临床应用价值。方法　利用彩超对正常人 10 0只足的足背动脉、第一跖背动脉、第一跖底动脉进行超声探测并给予分型 ;且应用于临床 2 6例。结果　足背动脉平均内径 ( 2 .0 0± 0 .44 )mm ,按其口径可分为粗大型、中间型、纤细型 ,出现率分别为 46%、5 2 %、1% ;第一跖背动脉起始处距体表距离 ( 9.12± 3 .10 )mm ,中点距体表距离 ( 7.14± 2 .3 4)mm ,中点处内径 ( 1.17± 0 .3 6)mm ,按与第一背侧骨间肌的关系可分为浅表型、肌内型、肌下型 ,出现率分别为 46%、45 %、7% ;按口径可分为粗大型、中间型、纤细型 ,出现率分别为15 %、69%、4% ;第一跖底动脉出现率为 92 % ,口径与第一跖背动脉有互补关系。临床应用 2 6例 ,术中探查情况与术前彩超检查完全吻合 ,血管变异病例做了相应处理 ,再造 3 8指均成活。结论　彩超对拇趾、第二趾供血系统的检查结果与解剖学资料相似 ,是准确的、可信的、可靠的 ,术前应用可对手术方案的制定、判断手术的难易程度、指导术中操作等有重要意义     

The Diagnostic Value of Radial and Carotid Intima Thickness Measured by High-Resolution Ultrasound for Ischemic Stroke

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427例足癣的菌型分布及患者相关知识的调查分析

目的　了解杭州地区足癣的菌型分布情况及患者对足癣知识的认识程度。方法　采用镜检，真菌培养方法对427例足癣患者进行了病原 菌的流行病学调查，同时采用问卷调查方式，了解患者对足癣有关知识的认知情况。结果　427例真菌镜检阳性的足癣患者中真菌鉴定结果红色 毛癣菌302例，占70.73％，其次是须癣毛癣菌67例，占15.69％，另有32例絮状表皮癣菌和17例白色念珠菌感染，9例培养未见真菌生长。足癣 是传染性皮肤病；足癣是真菌感染；足癣不是脚气病；足癣可引起化脓感染；传染足癣的主要途径是共用拖鞋、脚盆、擦脚布；足部出汗过多 是病因之一；足癣治疗要坚持用药的正确回答率分别为64.87%，42.86%，68.62％，27.40％，62.06％，42.39％及33.26%。结论足癣主要由红 色毛癣菌和须癣毛癣菌感染所致。约半数的足癣患者对足癣相关知识了解不全面，临床工作中应加强对患者有关足癣知识的宣传及普及。     

经颈静脉置管联合足背静脉溶栓治疗混合型下肢深静脉血栓形成

目的探讨经颈静脉置管联合足背静脉溶栓治疗混合型下肢深静脉血栓形成的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析78例混合型下肢深静脉血栓形成患者临床资料。放置下腔静脉滤器后,经颈静脉置管溶栓治疗,同时予以经患侧足背静脉溶栓治疗。观察术后患者的临床症状和体征变化,行彩超评价静脉通畅程度,患者出院后经门诊随访其近期疗效。结果78例患者成功经右颈内静脉置管以及经患侧足背静脉溶栓。48例患者放置下腔静脉滤器,滤器放置成功率100%。术后患者的临床症状均明显缓解,彩超示下肢深静脉血流通畅。患者出院后随访1年,随访结果提示近期疗效满意。结论采用经颈静脉置管联合足背静脉溶栓治疗混合型下肢深静脉血栓形成可以取得较好的临床疗效。     

特比萘芬与咪康唑软膏治疗手、足癣的临床疗效比较

目的比较特比萘芬软膏与咪康唑软膏用于手、足癣的疗效。方法将81例手、足癣患者随机分为观察组44例和对照组37例。观察组外用特比萘芬软膏,对照组外用咪康唑软膏,比较2组停药时及停药4周后临床疗效及真菌培养情况。结果观察组停药时和停药4周后总有效率和真菌清除率均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论特比萘芬软膏治疗手、足癣的疗效更好、疗程更短。     

Tinea pedis in European marathon runners

BACKGROUND: Epidemiological studies suggest that 15% of the population in industrial countries suffer from tinea pedis (athlete's foot) and that persons who do sports are a high-risk population. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the responsibility of dermatophytes in interdigital lesions of the feet in European marathon runners and to identify associated risk factors. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Runners of the 14th Médoc Marathon (n = 147) were interviewed on risk factors for tinea pedis and underwent physical and mycological examinations. RESULTS: Interdigital lesions of the feet were found in 66 runners (45%). A dermatophyte was isolated in 45 runners (31%), 12 of whom were asymptomatic. Trichophyton interdigitale and T. rubrum accounted for 49% and 35.5%, respectively, of the cases of tinea pedis. Thirty-three (22%) of the 102 runners free of dermatophyte infection had lesions resembling those of tinea pedis. Increasing age and use of communal bathing facilities were predictive of T. rubrum culture. CONCLUSIONS: Marathon runners are at high risk for tinea pedis, but dermatophytes are responsible for only half of the foot lesions found in runners. The existence of asymptomatic carriers calls for prophylactic measures.     

Isolated flexor muscles of the little toe in the feet of an individual with atrophied or lacking 4 head of the M. extensor digitorum brevis and lacking the 4 tendon of the M. extensor digitorum longus

While dissecting the body of a 75-year-old male we observed variations in the Mm. flexor digitorum brevis and longus of both feet. In the left foot, the 4th tendon of the M. flexor digitorum brevis was atrophied and the respective tendon of the M. flexor digitorum longus to the little toe was absent. In the right foot, the 4th tendons of both the Mm. flexor digitorum brevis and longus to the little toe were absent. The lacking deep flexor tendon to the little toe in the left foot was replaced by an isolated flexor muscle originating from the medial and lateral processes of the calcaneal tuberosity, which additionally had connections to the tendinous plate of the M. flexor digitorum longus and the M. quadratus plantae. The absent superficial and deep flexor tendons to the little toe in the right foot were replaced by an isolated flexor muscle arising from the M. quadratus plantae distal from the medial process of the calcaneal tuberosity. The tendon of both isolated flexor muscles inserted in the distal phalanx of the little toe. The left isolated flexor muscle for the little toe had connections to the M. flexor digitorum longus and the M. quadratus plantae. From these results it seems likely that the M. quadratus plantae could be regarded as additional flexor head (caput breve or plantare) of the M. flexor digitorum longus as is described in classic textbooks. In the individual's lifetime the described variation perhaps led to the possibility of an isolated flexion of the little toe.     

Efficacy and safety of a new single-dose terbinafine 1% formulation in patients with tinea pedis (athlete''s foot): a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study

BACKGROUND: Tinea pedis is a common dermatophyte infection with frequent recurrences. Terbinafine (presently used as a 1-week topical treatment of tinea pedis) is now available in a novel topical solution (film-forming solution--FFS), developed to allow single application. OBJECTIVES: To demonstrate the efficacy and safety of terbinafine 1% FFS in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase III trial, and to determine relapse or re-infection rate of tinea pedis at 12 weeks. PATIENTS/METHODS: Fifty-four centres (27 in France; 27 in Germany) enrolled 273 evaluable patients (2 : 1 randomization). Patients applied terbinafine 1% FFS or placebo only once between, under and over the toes, soles and sides of both feet. Efficacy assessments included direct microscopy, mycological culture, and clinical signs and symptoms at baseline, and at weeks 1, 6 and 12 after the single drug application. RESULTS: Effective treatment (negative mycology plus absent/minimal symptoms) at week 6 in the terbinafine 1% FFS group was 63%; vehicle was 17% (P相似文献   

大鼠中脑中央灰质和中缝背核向伏核和中缝大核的分支投射——荧光素双标法研究

本文应用荧光素双标法,研究了大鼠中脑中央灰质和中缝背核向伏核和中缝大核的分支投射。将双苯甲亚胺(Bb)和碘化丙啶(PI)分别定向注入中缝大核和一侧伏核。在中脑中央灰质和中缝背核内见到双标细胞和两种单标细胞。双标细胞占3种标记细胞总数的21％,PI单标细胞占32％,Bb单标细胞占47％。标记细胞多位于注射侧中脑中央灰质中段、尾段的腹外侧区、内侧区腹侧部及中缝背核内,以中型梭形和三角形细胞为主。