Addition of sufentanil to bupivacaine in caudal block effect on stress responses in children

BACKGROUND: The aim of the present randomized study was to determine the effect of adding sufentanil to bupivacaine, compared with bupivacaine alone in caudal block, on the surgical stress response in children. METHODS: The children were premedicated with midazolam 0.5 mg/kg. All children received induction with nitrous oxide and sevoflurane. Anesthesia was maintained with the same volatile agents in the both groups. The children were randomly allocated to two groups. Group I received bupivacaine alone (n = 17) and group II received bupivacaine + sufentanil (n = 16). Caudal block was performed with 0.25% bupivacaine 2 mg/kg (group I) or 0.25% bupivacaine 2 mg/kg with sufentanil 0.5 microg/kg (group II) after induction of anesthesia. Blood samples were obtained after induction of anesthesia (T(0)) to measure baseline concentrations of cortisol, prolactin, glucose and insulin. Additional samples were obtained 30 min after the start of surgery (T(1)), and 60 min after the end of surgery (T(2)). RESULTS: All of the basal values (T(0)) were within the normal ranges of the authors' laboratory for children of this age group and there were no differences between the groups (P > 0.05). In both groups, glucose concentration increased at T(1), compared with T(0) and T(2) (P < 0.05). The glucose concentration was unchanged at T(2) compared with T(0) in both group (P > 0.05). In both groups, prolactin concentration increased at T(1), compared with T(0) and decreased at T(2), compared with T(1) (P < 0.05). Cortisol decreased at T(1) and T(2), compared with T(0) in both groups. (P < 0.05). Insulin concentration remained unchanged at T(0) and T(2), but increased slightly at T(1) in both groups (P > 0.05). There were no significant differences in plasma prolactin, cortisol, glucose and insulin levels between the two groups at T(1) and T(2) (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: There is no advantage in adding 0.5 microg/kg sufentanil to bupivacaine over bupivacaine alone in the caudal block, with regard to the surgical stress response in children.     

超声造影在肝癌介入治疗后疗效评价中的应用

目的:探讨实时灰阶超声造影(contrast-enhanced grey-scale ultrasonography,CE-US)在肝癌介入治疗后疗效评价中的应用价值。方法:经肘前浅静脉团注超声对比剂SonoVue,观察各时相病灶的强化特点,并与治疗前CE-US、治疗后CT、MRI图像及随访结果进行比较,综合判断介入治疗效果。结果:CE-US可以清晰地显示病灶内有无局部或整体强化,能准确评价肝癌介入治疗后疗效。结论:CE-US在评价肝癌介入疗效时具有重要的临床价值。     

Recent Ⅳ-drug users with chronic hepatitis C can be efficiently treated with daily high dose induction therapy using consensus interferon:An open-label pilot study

INTRODUCTION Under physiological conditions, interferon-α (IFN-α) is a key cytokine produced by virtually all cells in the mammalian organism in response to a variety of bacterial and viral stimuli. In response to viral infection, IFN-α produced by the infected target cells induces a number of cellular genes involved in inhibition of viral replication. In addition, IFN-α is secreted by stimulated NK-cells and T-cells and exerts a multitude of immune stimulatory effects of innate a…     

咳嗽变异型哮喘多项检测指标的Bayes判别分析

目的探讨咳嗽变异型哮喘（CVA）肺功能、气道弹性阻力、支气管激发试验、最大呼气峰流量（PEF）日内波动率[△PEFR（％）]、支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF）细胞学以及血清IgE的变化特点及诊断意义。方法对22例CVA、20例慢性阻塞性肺病（COPD）稳定期患者以及20名健康成年人进行最大呼气流量-容积曲线（MEFV曲线）、气道弹性阻力、支气管激发试验、[△PEFR（％）]、BALF细胞学分析以及血清IgE测定。结果（1）CVA患者呼气流量指标[PEF、一秒用力呼气容积（FEV1）、FEV，／FVC、最大呼气中段流量（MMEF）]与健康对照组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。CVA组气道弹性阻力增高，与健康对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01），但与COPD组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；（2）CVA组患者气道反应性明显增高，支气管激发试验阳性，Mch—PC20-FEV1明显降低、[APEFR（％）]增大（〉20％）、BALF中嗜酸性粒细胞明显增高、血清IgE明显增高与健康对照组及COPD组比较差异有统计学意义（均P〈0．01）。结论气道弹性阻力、支气管激发试验、[APEFR（％）]、BALF细胞学以及血清IgE的测定有助于CVA的诊断且与COPD等的鉴别。根据Bayes判别结果，鉴别CVA与COPD的上述病因学指标作用大小依次为Mch—PC20-FEV1、JgE、[△PEFR（％）]、BALF嗜酸性粒细胞计数、FEV1／FVC、FEV1、PEF、MMEF和气道弹性阻力，其中主要为Mch—PC20-FEV1、IgE、[APEFR（％）]、BALF嗜酸性粒细胞计数。     

Preference awareness education as stress management training for academic staff

This paper describes a response directed stress management intervention (SMI) in the form of a Jungian based preference awareness education (PAE). It uses the Insights System of personality types to increase awareness of behaviour and communication preferences of self and different others. Eighteen self‐recruited academic employees participated for 7 weeks and received feedback about work preferences and personality type. The aim was to reduce perceptions of stress and interpersonal stress and to increase feelings of job satisfaction and interpersonal satisfaction. The data were analysed using two‐tailed t‐tests. No significant findings were observed for the total sample after training, however, interesting results were found for certain sub‐sample groups. Extravert‐thinking types, reported decreased stress levels (p > 0.018), and participants suffering high stress/interpersonal stress pre‐PAE, reported decreased stress levels (p > 0.010–0.018). Participants suffering low job/interpersonal satisfaction pre‐PAE, reported increased job satisfaction (p > 0.015–0.016). These results suggest that individuals who report high levels of stress and dissatisfaction are most likely to benefit from this type of intervention. Future PAE research might: (a) use pilot studies to meet the intervention preferences of employees that are reluctant to participate in SMIs; (b) include a wait‐list control group; use: (c) a follow up education/measures; (d) and organizational level (stressor directed) SMIs at the same time as response directed initiatives. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

汉滩病毒体外诱导热休克蛋白70的表达

目的定量研究汉滩病毒（HTNV）体外诱导细胞热休克蛋白70（HSP70）及HSP70 mRNA的表达规律。方法以HTNV敏感细胞株Vero-E6为对象，体外实验性感染Hantaan 76—118。采用原位杂交、免疫细胞化学染色法及逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）观察感染后72h内HSP70的表达并加以定量分析。结果与模拟感染组相比，Hantaan 76—118感染Vero-E6细胞后0．5h，HSP70 mRNA开始升高，于感染后12h达高峰，并持续高表达至72h（P＜0．05）。Hantaan 76—118感染后2h可检测到HSP70蛋白表达增加，于感染后12h达高峰，并持续高表达至72h（P＜0．05）。结论体外感染HTNV可诱导Vero-E6细胞产生热休克反应并表达HSP70，这种快速、持久的应激反应，可能对HSP70持续发挥其细胞保护作用具有重要意义。     

Complete response, as determined by prostate-specific antigen level, to chlormadinone acetate withdrawal persisting longer than 2 years in patients with advanced prostate cancer: Two case reports

Antiandrogen withdrawal syndrome (AWS) is a well-established phenomenon in prostate cancer. However, responses to AWS are usually of limited duration, and a complete response (CR) is extremely rare. We present two patients who exhibited a chemical CR for more than 2 years after the discontinuation of steroidal antiandrogen chlormadinone acetate use. Whether patients who respond to antiandrogen withdrawal include a group of patients with a better prognosis remains uncertain. However, considering that the usual survival period of patients with hormone-resistant prostate cancer is approximately 12 months, both of the patients reported here, who are present in excellent physical condition, exhibiting an improved quality of life, and attending their hospital as outpatients, obviously acquired a prolonged survival because of AWS.