Cultural empathy in physiotherapy students: a pre-test post-test study utilising virtual simulation

Objectives

To investigate how a virtual cultural simulation experience and guided reflection influenced physiotherapy students’ intrapersonal and interpersonal cultural empathy, and to explore students’ satisfaction with the learning experience.

临床医师执业能力量化考评模型构建初探

目的 筛选临床医师执业能力量化考评指标体系,构建量化考评模型,探索临床医师执业能力量化考评方法.方法 通过对临床医师执业能力量化评价现状以及实施必要性的分析,从卫生人力资源管理实际出发,采用文献法和系统分析法相结合筛选指标和考评框架设计,采用德尔菲法和层次分析法,对医师临床执业能力考核指标问卷调查进一步确定考评指标体系,根据医师执业能力指标体系设计指标权重调查表,对指标赋权,建立考评模型.结果 发放问卷136份,回收率100％,有效率97％,分别从工作成绩、业务水平和职业道德3个维度筛选考评指标体系,最终确定33项执业能力考评指标,制定了量化考评流程.提出采用SAATY的1～9标度法对每一层次中各因素相对重要性建立判断矩阵,进行专家咨询,两两比较作出判断,得出权重评价.结论 建立一套临床医师执业能力量化考评模型势在必行,通过对临床医师的工作成绩、业务水平和职业道德等3维度33项的指标构架符合医师执业的性质与特点,结合严格的考评流程能对医师执业的业务素质、工作质量数量、工作效率和经济效益进行全面、系统考评,可操作性强,切合医院实际,考评模型能够满足现阶段临床医师执业能力量化评估的需要,起到积极的导向作用,为医疗机构的人力资源管理提供新的方法和思路.     

Increasing Hospital Pharmacist Clinical Competence in Intensive Pharmacotherapeutics Using a Novel Pharmacist Clinical Educational Program

Background:

Intensive pharmacotherapeutics (IP) is the application of multiple evidence-based practices applied at a patient-specific level, creating the overall best treatment plan in medically complex patients. To practice at this level, a high level of clinical knowledge and competency is paramount.

Objective:

The goal of the pharmacist clinical educational program was to develop an engaging, challenging, and interactive program, which was concise but intense, to improve pharmacists’ clinical knowledge and critical thinking skills.

Methods:

A 12-week educational series was developed and successfully implemented. The primary outcome was a comparison of the proportion of accepted clinical interventions per total number of medication orders reviewed by hospital pharmacists during and after the pharmacist clinical educational program to a 3-month baseline. The secondary outcome was to anonymously gauge participant satisfaction with the program.

Results:

The proportion of accepted clinical interventions increased from 6.4% (at baseline) to 9.1% and 8.7% in the 3 months during and 3 months immediately after the educational program, respectively (P < .01). The overall acceptance rate for clinical interventions remained >90% for all periods. Approximately 94% of respondents (n = 16) indicated that the program met their educational needs.

Conclusions:

The development of a clinical educational program to engage, challenge, and incentivize pharmacists is an essential tool to elevate the practice of IP. By maximizing existing resources, programming can be provided in an efficient and cost-effective manner. As health systems continue to merge on a national level, the methods described here demonstrate a means to provide critical education for both clinical and organizational competency.     

Patient factors influencing the completion rate in colonoscopy

BACKGROUND: Since its introduction in the late 1960s, the technology of colonoscopy has developed rapidly, and the competence of the endoscopists has increased. Still, a complete colonoscopy is not always possible to perform. AIM: To assess, in a population-based setting, which patient factors influence the success rate. PATIENTS AND METHODS: All colonoscopy records during 1979-1995 in one Swedish county (population 258,000) were retrieved. Information was obtained about each patient's sex and age, date of examination, the endoscopist and indications for colonoscopy, findings, type of colonoscopy and reasons for an incomplete colonoscopy. Results were assessed by univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: Of 5145 colonoscopies, 4153 (81%) were complete. Completion rates were influenced by (odds ratio for completion [95% confidence intervals]): sex, male versus female (2.00 [1.39-2.86]); age, youngest quartile versus oldest quartile (1.49 [1.04-2.13]); indication for colonoscopy, previous colonic surgery or long-standing colitis versus other indications (2.08 [1.23-3.45]); and diverticulosis, presence versus no presence (0.79 [0.62-0.99]). The time period (proxy variable for the development of endoscopes) had no impact on completion rates. CONCLUSIONS: The completion rate was lower than that has been reported from previous hospital-based studies. Lower completion rates were found in women, older patients and in patients with diverticulosis. Higher completion rates were noted in patients with previous colonic surgery and long-standing colitis. The completion rates were not influenced by the development of the endoscopes.     

Motivational Profiles for Physical Activity Practice in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: A Self-Determination Theory Perspective

Drawing on Self-Determination Theory, this study explored the motivational profiles toward Physical Activity (PA) among adults with type 2 diabetes and the relationships between motivational profile, perceived competence and PA. Participants were 350 men and women (Mean age 62.77 years) who were interviewed on their motivations toward PA, perceived level of competence to practice, and PA practice. Cluster analyses reveal the existence of three distinct profiles: “High Combined” (ie, high scores on motivations ranging from intrinsic to external regulation, moderate level on amotivation), “Self-Determined” (ie, high scores on intrinsic, integrated, and identified regulations; low scores on other regulations), and “Moderate” (ie, moderate scores on all regulations). Participants with “High Combined” and “Self-Determined” profiles reported higher perceived competence and longer leisure-time PA practice in comparison to those with a “Moderate” profile. This study highlights the necessity of adopting a person-centered approach to better understand motivation toward PA among type 2 diabetics.     

线粒体能量代谢和DNA复制对小鼠卵子体外成熟、受精及发育的影响

目的 探讨胞质线粒体的氧化磷酸化（OXPHOS）活性或线粒体DNA复制在卵子成熟、受精和胚胎发育过程中的作用。方法 通过在小鼠体外成熟培养液中引入不同浓度的羰基氰4-(三氟甲氧基)苯腙 (FCCP, 10 nmol/L和100nmol/L)或2′,3′-双脱氧胞苷(ddC,10μmol/L和100μmol/L),抑制线粒体OXPHOS活性或线粒体DNA复制,统计分析各组卵子的体外生发泡破裂（GVBD）率、核成熟率、受精率及囊胚形成率,以分析线粒体功能抑制对卵子成熟、受精和胚胎发育的影响。 结果 线粒体OXPHOS活性和DNA复制功能在卵子和胚胎中所发挥的作用并不完全相同。FCCP抑制线粒体OXPHOS活性可显著降低卵子的核成熟率和囊胚形成率;但对卵子的GVBD的发生率和受精率无显著影响。而ddC抑制线粒体DNA复制不影响卵子的体外成熟和受精,但可显著抑制囊胚的形成。 结论 OXPHOS活性主要影响卵子成熟及胚胎发育;线粒体DNA复制则主要影响胚胎发育;而线粒体功能抑制不影响卵子的成熟启动和体外受精。     

Estudio de la competencia digital docente en Ciencias de la Salud. Su relación con algunas variables

IntroductionThe digital competences of teachers (TDC) are a key variable to integrate practices with Information and Communications Technology (ICT) in the teaching-learning process. Its development has become one of the main training problems that affect the university field in general and, specifically, the training of Health Sciences professionals. The objective of this article is to determine whether there are significant differences with respect to the level of TDC shown by the teachers of Health Sciences of the Andalusian universities (Spain) based on the variables gender, age, teaching experience, years that they have been using ICT, as well as time spent on technology in the classroom, and technological mastery.MethodsAn inferential study is carried out using contrast statistics for this purpose. A total of 300 teachers completed the DigCompEdu Check In questionnaire, which is capable of evaluating their competence level.ResultsThe results of the study indicate that there are significant differences between different groups for each variable.ConclusionFor this reason, the need to structure personalised training plans and extend the research methodology to other related studies is highlighted.     

Research on teaching reform of rehabilitation nursing major based on modern apprenticeship system

Objective: To determine the specific indicators of nursing students' competency in rehabilitation nursing posts; to form a training mode of competency of nursing students in rehabilitation nursing posts based on a modern apprenticeship system; and to preliminarily explore the effect of this training mode. Methods: The literature review method and the Delphi method were used to determine the specific indicators of nursing students' competency in rehabilitation nursing posts. Based on the competency index results, the training mode of modern apprenticeship in rehabilitation nursing specialty was determined. Taking a university as an example, the modern apprenticeship training model of rehabilitation nursing specialty was put into the operation group, and the students were selected into the experimental group. The nursing students who accepted the traditional training mode were selected as the control group to compare the competency of the two groups of nursing students before graduation. Results: Form a total of 191 indicators of nursing students rehabilitation nursing post competency content. The competency scores of nursing students in the rehabilitation nursing posts of the experimental group were higher than those in the control group in 24 work tasks, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Based on the modern apprenticeship system, the training model of nursing students' competency in rehabilitation nursing posts could improve the matching degree of nursing posts of nursing students and may provide a reference for improving the training of rehabilitation nursing talents.