Malignant vascular lesions of bone: radiologic and pathologic features

The malignant vascular tumors of bone represent an uncommon diverse group of tumors with widely variable clinical and radiographic presentations. Although the radiographic imaging features of the lytic osseous lesions typically seen with this group of tumors are relatively nonspecific, the propensity to develop multifocal disease in an anatomic region is a feature that can be helpful in suggesting the diagnosis of a vascular tumor. The differential diagnosis varies according to the age of the patient and presence of solitary or multifocal disease. The histologic features are variable and range from tumors with vasoformative features to those that mimic mesenchymal neoplasm or metastatic carcinoma. Familiarity with the radiographic and pathologic spectrum of disease is essential for making an accurate diagnosis in this diverse group of neoplasms. This paper will provide a review of the nomenclature for the malignant vascular tumors of bone and discuss the radiographic and pathologic differential diagnosis. Received: 17 December 1999 Revision requested: 8 February 2000 Revision received: 19 May 2000 Accepted: 9 June 2000     

葛根总黄酮对去卵巢大鼠骨密度及骨钙影响的实验研究

目的:观察葛根总黄酮防治骨质疏松的作用及机理。方法:选取雌性SD大鼠60只,随机分为6组,每组10只。除假手术组外其他5组建立去卵巢大鼠的骨质疏松模型,低剂量组予葛根总黄酮水溶液,50mg·kg-1;中剂量组予葛根总黄酮水溶液,100mg·kg-1;高剂量组予葛根总黄酮水溶液,200mg·kg-1;雌激素组予力维爱1.25mg·kg-1;假手术组及模型对照组予蒸馏水灌胃。3月后测定各组大鼠骨重量、骨密度及骨钙含量。结果:葛根总黄酮低、中、高剂量组及假手术组、雌激素组大鼠的右股骨重、左股骨骨密度及右股骨骨钙含量与模型对照组比较,差异均有显著性或非常显著性意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论:葛根总黄酮可有效地防治雌性大鼠的骨质疏松,其机理可能与其具有雌激素效应有关。     

恶性淋巴瘤骨髓受累的免疫表型特征

目的:探讨淋巴瘤骨髓受累的免疫表型特征。方法:采用流式细胞仪CD45/SSC设门方法对34例恶性淋巴瘤患者的骨髓标本进行检测,以骨髓涂片细胞学检查作阳性对照。收集骨髓受累患者的CD分子表达数据。结果:①对34例恶性淋巴瘤患者的骨髓应用流式细胞仪进行检测,发现23例阳性,阳性率67.65%(23/34),95%可信区间(51.92%,83.37%)。②该23例阳性患者中,非霍奇金淋巴瘤(NHL)19例,霍奇金淋巴瘤(HL)4例。NHL患者中B细胞来源免疫荧光单克隆抗体标记抗原出现频率最高的为CD19,CD20;T细胞来源标记抗原出现频率最高的为CD7。而在HL患者中出现频率最高的为CD9。结论:采用流式细胞仪CD45/SSC设门方法,发现非霍奇金淋巴瘤骨髓受累患者免疫表型特征为:B细胞来源:CD19、CD20;T细胞来源:CD7。霍奇金淋巴瘤为:CD9。     

四肢复发性骨巨细胞瘤的治疗

目的对复发性骨巨细胞瘤进行手术治疗，探讨其治疗效果。方法分析19例复发性骨巨细胞瘤的临床资料，观察、随访再手术病例。结果所有患者的功能评分平均为79％，其中6名患者的功能评分〉90％。再复发3例。结论定期随访可早期发现病灶。对大部分复发性骨巨细胞瘤的治疗仍可采用囊内切刮、植骨或骨水泥填充术。     

身体质量指数及腰臀围比与胆道癌关系的探讨

目的:探讨身体质量指数(BMI)、腰臀围比(WHR)与胆道癌的关系.方法:采用非条件logistic回归模型分析身体质量指数、腰臀围比与胆道癌的关系.结果:与正常BMI组比较,胆囊癌女性20～29岁、30～39岁肥胖组的OR与趋势检验均达到或接近显著水平.与腰臀围比四分位最低组比较,胆囊癌和肝外胆管癌男女性最高四分位组OR和趋势检验均达到显著水平.结论:青年时期肥胖可能会增加胆囊癌的发病风险;腰臀围比也是胆囊癌和肝外胆管癌独立的危险因素.     

造血干细胞移植治疗恶性血液病的临床观察

目的:观察我院骨髓移植治疗恶性血液病的疗效、探讨移植相关并发症的预防及处理等问题。方法:4例行HLA相合的同胞间异基因外周干细胞移植(Allo-PBSCT)、2例行自体外周干细胞移植(APBSCT)和1例行自体骨髓移植(Au-to-BMT)。结果:全部病例均成功造血重建。中性粒细胞≥0·5×109/L平均时间为11天;血小板≥20×109/L平均时间为16天;发生Ⅱ~Ⅲ度aGVHD1例,cGVHD1例,溶血性贫血2例,间质性肺炎2例,中位随访时间18(6~42)月,全部病例现均存活。结论:骨髓移植治疗恶性血液病有较好疗效。     

心血管病的活血化瘀治疗与骨髓干细胞动员

干细胞研究已成为近年来的医学热点,一些研究表明,骨髓干细胞可以在心脏的环境条件下,横向转化为心肌细胞和血管内皮细胞,修复损伤心肌,尤其是近年发现的一些药物能够动员骨髓干细胞进入外周血液,然后到达损伤心肌中,这一新发现为中医药研究提供了思路。由于临床实践已经证实活血化瘀治疗对缺血性心血管病有良好疗效,那么,活血化瘀治疗是否具有动员骨髓干细胞的作用这一命题就值得深入研究。本文就此进行了深入探讨,以期在现代科学的最新层面上进一步阐明活血化瘀治疗心血管病的机理。     

High-resolution magnetic resonance and volume rendering of the labyrinth

Our aim was to verify the feasibility of volume rendering (VR) of high-resolution magnetic resonance (HR-MR) data sets of the labyrinth. We retrospectively reviewed the HR-MR data sets of 16 consecutive patients with no MR evidence of labyrinthine pathology. High-resolution MR data sets were obtained by means of a 3D T2-weighted FSE sequence with the use of a 3-in. circular surface coil for signal reception, and processed with a high-end workstation. Two reviewers performed separately VR of the labyrinth by selecting the signal intensity interval for attribution of opacity and transparency. Concerning the time taken for definition of the volume of interest, the two observers needed, respectively, 28.9 and 33.1 min (SD ± 8.7–9.5 min), whereas the time taken for VR was respectively, 26 and 33.2 min (SD ± 8.8–8.9 min). Concerning the selection of the signal intensity interval, the two observers had, respectively, 86.4 and 88.7 mean lower threshold (SD ± 34.5–33.5), 488.9 and 495.4 mean upper threshold (SD ± 56.3–53.8). In our experience, we have found VR of HR-MR to offer a reliable and reproducible technique for producing 3D representations of the labyrinth. The VR algorithms use all data within the imaging volume and optimize the dynamic range ascribed to the object being visualized. Received: 9 October 1998; Revised: 14 January 1999; Accepted: 30 June 1999     

成骨生长肽羧基端片段衍生物对去卵巢大鼠骨密度和骨力学的影响

目的：探讨成骨生长肽羧基端片段衍生物G381、G38K对去卵巢大鼠骨转换生化指标、骨密度和骨力学性能的影响及各指标间相互关系。方法：将3个月龄SD雌性大鼠40只随机分为5组，设假手术组（S组）和双侧卵巢切除（OVX）模型组（M组）为阴性对照，其余3组行OVX后分别予G38I、G38K和阿仑膦酸钠（ALN）治疗。术后60d处死．测血钙、磷和碱性磷酸酶，测量腰椎体和股骨骨密度（BMD），骨灰重／干重比值和骨力学指标。结果：与S组比较，M组血钙、磷升高，骨灰重／干重比值降低，经G38I、G38K治疗后上述指标恢复至S组水平，并显著升高腰椎体BMD，提高股骨弹性应力和最大应力，而股骨和腰椎体弹性模量呈升高趋势。灰重／千重比值与BMD呈正相关，BMD和力学指标间无相关性。结论：G38I或G38K的治疗可一定程度上减轻去卵巢大鼠的骨丢失，改善骨力学性能，评价抗骨质疏松药物疗效应同时关注骨量和骨质量。     

自体成骨细胞加同种异体骨复合移植的研究

目的：选择较理想的骨移植替代物。方法：抽取实验组家兔骨髓2mL分离出间质细胞，在特殊培养液中进行体外诱导．增殖成成骨细胞种植于同种异体骨表面进行培养4周后，将细胞和同种异体骨复合移植物植入实验兔节段性尺骨缺损中。另取12只家兔单纯植入同种异体骨作为对照组，观察16周。结果：经碱性磷酸酶染色阳性，Chfα1免疫组织化学染色阳性，Von Kossa染色显示骨小结，表明骨髓间质细胞在体外成功诱导成成骨细胞。动物实验表明植入体周同无炎性细胞浸润．伤口Ⅰ期愈合，术后7周开始出现骨痂，11周出现桥梁骨痂，术后16周达到骨性愈合。明显优于对照组。结论：此复合移植物生物相容性好，有较强的骨诱导作用，是比较理想的骨移植替代物。