夜磨牙患者的多导睡眠监测研究

目的:研究夜磨牙(sleepbruxism,SB)患者与正常人睡眠状况的不同,磨牙症状在不同睡眠阶段的分布,以及磨牙症状与患者睡眠姿势的关系。方法:对实验组6名夜磨牙患者,对照组8名正常人,都进行一整夜的多导睡眠监测。结果:1.与对照组比,夜磨牙患者快速动眼睡眠期(Rapideyemovement,REM)时间较长,其睡眠百分比较高,通过t检验二者间差异有显著性;2.SB患者磨牙症状散在的发生于各个睡眠阶段;3.患者中有2名右侧尖牙磨损较重者,睡眠时以左侧卧位为主;3名左侧尖牙磨损较重的,睡眠时以右侧卧位为主;1名前后牙磨损均较重者,以仰卧睡眠姿势为主;对照组4名以双侧卧位睡眠为主,2名以单侧卧位睡眠为主,2名仰卧位睡眠为主,未发现左右侧、前后牙齿磨损的不均衡。结论:1.SB患者组的快速动眼睡眠期睡眠时间明显长于对照组;2.磨牙症状散在的发生于各个睡眠阶段;3.磨牙与睡眠姿势有一定关系。     

下肢静脉机能不全的应变容积描绘仪检查

本文报告我院外科1985～1987年,使用应变容积描绘仪检查下肢深静脉机能不全30例。其中28例同时行Doppler超声检查,27例行静脉造影检查。介绍了测量最大静脉输出量,最大静脉逆流量和静脉再充盈时间的方法和结果,叙述了该技术的原理,在诊断下肢静脉机能不全时,应变应变容积描绘仪是较好的无损伤检查技术。     

FASCIOCUTANEOUS ISLAND FLAPS FOR ORTHOPAEDIC MANAGEMENT IN LOWER LIMB RECONSTRUCTION USING DERMATOMAL PRECINCTS

This paper describes a technique of fasciocutaneous island flaps used in reconstruction of the lower limb. It is very versatile and some 26 individual flaps in 22 patients have been used to reconstruct skeletal and soft tissue problems from the popliteal fossa to the ankle joint. These longitudinally designed flaps made up of a trilaminate of skin, subcutaneous fat and fascia are aligned within the dermatomal precincts. The most important location for such flap design is along the peroneal compartment sitting within the L5 dermatome and incorporating the superficial peroneal nerve. It can be lengthened as far as the lateral malleolus and is an excellent reconstructive method to close defects over the lower third of the tibia. The medial compartment of the leg employing the saphenous nerve (L4 dermatome) is another area for fasciocutaneous island flap reconstruction, but use is restricted to the upper two-thirds of the tibial area. Posteriorly the island flap design sits along the S2 dermatome, this time incorporating the sural nerve to reconstruct defects of the calf and can be extended to include problems of the popliteal fossa. In the overall flap technique, the age of the patient is not a contraindication and cases with peripheral vascular disease have been treated successfully. The flaps may extend up to a 5:1 ratio in dimension. The operating time can be considerably shortened.     

MRI and SPECT findings in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Summary MRI was performed in 21 patients and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) withN-isopropyl-p-¹²³I iodoamphetamine in 16 patients, to visualize upper motor neurone lesions in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. T2-weighted MRI revealed high signal along the course of the pyramidal tract in the internal capsule and cerebral peduncle in 4 of 21 patients. SPECT images were normal in 4 patients, but uptake was reduced in the cerebral cortex that includes the motor area in 11.     

Effects of nicotine on hippocampal and cingulate activity during smooth pursuit eye movement in schizophrenia.

BACKGROUND: Abnormal smooth pursuit eye movement (SPEM) in schizophrenic patients is a well known phenomenon, but the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the deficit are unknown. Nicotine temporarily improves SPEM and has been associated with reduced hippocampal hemodynamic activity in schizophrenics. Nicotine's effect on brain activity in control subjects performing SPEM has not been studied. The purpose of this work was to determine if nicotine differentially affects brain activity in schizophrenic and control subjects during pursuit eye tracking. METHODS: 16 subjects with schizophrenia and 16 control subjects underwent functional MR imaging during SPEM after receiving placebo or nicotine gum. Four brain regions were analyzed for main effects of group, drug, and interactions: hippocampus, cingulate gyrus, frontal eye fields, and area MT. RESULTS: Nicotine reduced hippocampal activity in both groups, but the effect was greater in control subjects. A group by drug interaction was observed in the anterior cingulate gyrus, where nicotine decreased activity in control subjects and increased activity in schizophrenic subjects. There were no significant effects of group, drug, or interactions in frontal eye fields or area MT. CONCLUSIONS: Nicotine may improve SPEM performance in people with schizophrenia through cholinergic stimulation of the hippocampus and cingulate gyrus. Potential mechanisms include improved inhibitory function and attention.     

Botulinum toxin injection in patients with hereditary spastic paraparesis

In an open label study, we analyzed the efficacy of botulinum toxin injection at the lower limbs of patients with hereditary spastic paraparesis (HSP). Fifteen patients who showed disabling spasticity with no or poor effect of oral treatment were recruited consecutively. Botulinum toxin was injected (400 U; Botox^®) into the spastic muscles identified by clinical examination (equinus, varus, and pathological hip adduction). Patients were regularly assessed from the first day to the fifth month: spasticity (Ashworth), motor strength, range of movements, Functional Ambulation Categories (FAC), gait parameter, Rivermead Motor Assessment, self-analysis of benefit and satisfaction. We observed a moderate and significant ( P  < 0.05) reduction of ankle plantar flexor and hip adductor spasticity, with a partial increase in the range of the active and passive motion at the ankle and in gait velocity. At an individual level, six of 15 patients showed an increase in gait velocity. The FAC and RMA did not change. Patients often reported partial improvement in foot position and lower limb propulsion, and fair satisfaction. In conclusion, botulinum toxin injection can be effective in HSP patients with relatively ancient spasticity. This technique can be introduced into the therapeutic panel, which also includes physiotherapy, oral treatment and baclofen pump.     

Long-term Outcomes of Patients Undergoing War-related Amputations of the Foot and Ankle

Long-term clinical and functional outcomes for patients undergoing foot and ankle amputations are not well documented. We attempted to document long-term outcomes for patients who required lower extremity amputations as a result of wounds suffered during wartime. For this study, 27 Iranian soldiers who had wounds requiring amputation of the foot and ankle were selected for follow-up. The participants' wartime medical records were reviewed, a clinical examination was performed, and each participant completed a questionnaire. Postamputation follow-up averaged 17.5 years. The most prevalent (66.6%) cause of injury was a land mine. The prevalences of different clinical symptoms reported by the amputees at the time of the last follow-up were as follows: 11 (40.7%) with phantom sensation, 6 (22.2%) with phantom pain, 12 (44.4%) with stump pain, 12 (44.4%) with back pain, 9 (33.3%) with contralateral knee pain, and 4 (14.8%) with ipsilateral knee pain; 20 (74%) reported treatment for psychological conditions. In regard to social conditions, 13 (48.1) were currently employed, or had been employed, for a number of years after the amputation; 26 (96%) had children, and all of the patients were married. The results of this observational study indicate that individuals have significant long-term pain and discomfort after war-related lower extremity amputation. Although all 27 (100%) of the amputees were able to maintain satisfactory family functioning, only 13 (48.1%) of the study participants were able to remain productively employed after undergoing amputation, and 20 (74%) reported long-term psychological problems in addition to their physical pain.     

经皮肾穿刺造瘘在上尿路梗阻性疾病的应用

目的:探讨经皮肾穿刺造瘘在上尿路梗阻性疾病(UUTO)的应用价值.方法:对42例UUTO患者,先行经皮肾穿刺造瘘引流,待肾功能改善、机体状况好转或经引流及造影确定诊断之后,12例行经皮肾取石碎石术,11例行开放肾、输尿管切开取石术,4例行开放肾切除术,4例行肾盂输尿管成型(3例加行取石)术,3例经造瘘管注射硬化剂治疗,3例行输尿管肾盏吻合术,3例行输尿管狭窄段切除端端吻合术,1例行输尿管松解术,1例行输尿管皮肤造瘘术.结果:38例患者一次穿刺成功.全部病例均及时解除了上尿路梗阻,肾功能得到改善,或为进一步诊治创造了条件.在保肾治疗的35例,31例治愈出院;4例肾功能改善,维持在轻度氮质血症水平;4例肾切除患者和3例注射硬化剂治疗患者均治愈出院.结论:经皮肾穿刺造瘘安全、有效,在UUTO的诊治中具有重要的应用价值.     

Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangiodrainage as Rescue Therapy for Symptomatic Biliary Leakage Without Biliary Tract Dilation After Major Surgery

Symptomatic biliary leakage following major upper abdominal surgery is a severe complication resulting in increased morbidity and mortality. Treatment options usually include either endoscopic intervention or surgical revision. These options may be burdened by a high perioperative risk for the patient (e.g., patients with severe disease) or simply may not be possible (e.g., nonpreserved gastroduodenal passage). In the past, percutaneous transhepatic cholangiodrainage did only seem to be a viable option for patients with dilated bile ducts. Here, we present our experience in a consecutive series of patients with symptomatic biliary leakage following major upper abdominal surgery and without dilation of the biliary system that underwent percutaneous transhepatic cholangiodrainage. Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiodrainage was feasible in 15 of 18 patients (83.3%). The procedure was technically not possible in three patients (16.7%). In 10 of the 15 patients (66.6%) with feasible percutaneous transhepatic cholangiodrainage, biliary leakage was definitely controlled without the need for surgical revision. Depending on the experience with the interventional procedure, percutaneous transhepatic cholangiodrainage should be considered as an alternative for treatment of symptomatic biliary leakage instead of immediate reoperation. Presented at the Digestive Disease Week 2005 (DDW), Chicago, IL, May 14–19, 2005 (poster presentation).     

Movement disorders after intervertebral disc surgery: Coincidence or causal relationship?

It is well known that brain injury or central traumatic lesions may result in the subsequent appearance of movement disorders such as dystonia or tremor. The concept that peripheral lesions to neural structures may be involved in the pathogenesis of movement disorders has been discussed controversely but has gained more widespread acceptance only recently. Here, we report on 6 patients who developed movement disorders after spinal disc surgery. The movement disorders became manifest with a delay of 1 day to 12 months after surgery. Of the six patients, 4 underwent cervical disc surgery, and 2 patients were operated on for lumbar disc herniation; 2 patients presented with paroxysmal kinesigenic segmental dystonia, 1 patient with focal dystonia, 2 with unilateral tremor, and 1 with bilateral tremor. The appearance of the movement disorder was associated with persistent dermatomal or segmental pain. In all patients, the anatomic distribution of the movement disorder was related to the nerve root or spinal segment of the corresponding disc level and the manifestation was in close temporal relation to the surgery. We conclude that spinal disc surgery may be another, thus far neglected, cause for movement disorders. The postoperative pain syndrome in all patients should be considered as an important factor of pathogenesis. Overall, movement disorders associated with disc surgery appear to be rare, yet they may cause significant discomfort to the affected individual.