Reconstruction of a real-world car-to-pedestrian collision using geomatics techniques and numerical simulations

The aim of this study is to provide an improved method for traffic accident reconstruction based on geomatics techniques and numerical simulations. A combination of various techniques was used. First, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), laser scanner and structured-light scanner were used to obtain information on the accident scene, vehicle and victim. The collected traces provided detailed initial impact conditions for subsequent numerical simulations. Then, multi-body system (MBS) simulations were conducted to reconstruct the kinematics of the car-to-pedestrian collision. Finally, a finite element (FE) simulation using the THUMS model was performed to predict injuries. A real-life vehicle-pedestrian collision was used to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of this method. The reconstruction result revealed that the kinematic and injury predictions of the numerical simulations effectively conformed to the surveillance video and investigation of the actual accident. UAV photogrammetry was demonstrated to be more efficient in accident data collection than hand sketch and measurement, and 3D laser scanning enabled an easier and more accurate modeling process of vehicle. The present study shows the feasibility of this method for use in traffic accident reconstruction.     

急性缺血性脑卒中患者超早期磁共振血管造影对判断预后的价值

目的探讨急性缺血性脑卒中患者超早期磁共振血管造影(MRA)所示有无大血管闭塞对判断预后的价值。方法选择在超早期(发病6 h内)完成MRA检查的急性缺血性脑卒中患者44例,根据MRA显示,将患者分为大血管闭塞组和无大血管闭塞组。患者行MRA检查前完成美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表评分,在3个月时,随访改良的Ranking量表(mRS)评分。结果44例患者中大血管闭塞组21例,无大血管闭塞组23例,两组3个月随访时,mRS 0~2分的比例分别为28.6%和82.6%,两组临床结局的差异有显著性意义(P<0.001)。结论急性缺血性脑卒中患者超早期MRA所示有无大血管闭塞可帮助判断患者的预后。     

A review of cervical spine injury associated with maxillofacial trauma at a UK tertiary referral centre

IntroductionThe aim of this study was to determine the incidence and patterns of cervical spine injury (CSI) associated with maxillofacial fractures at a UK trauma centre.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted of 714 maxillofacial fracture patients presenting to a single trauma centre between 2006 and 2012.ResultsOf the 714 maxillofacial fracture patients, 2.2% had associated CSI including a fracture, cord contusion or disc herniation. In comparison, 1.0% of patients without maxillofacial trauma sustained a CSI (odds ratio: 2.2, p=0.01). The majority (88%) of CSI cases of were caused by a road traffic accident (RTA) with the remainder due to falls. While 8.8% of RTA related maxillofacial trauma patients sustained a CSI, only 2.0% of fall related patients did (p=0.03, not significant). Most (70%) of the CSIs occurred at C1/C2 or C6/C7 levels. Overall, 455, 220 and 39 patients suffered non-mandibular, isolated mandibular and mixed mandibular/non-mandibular fractures respectively. Their respective incidences of CSI were 1.5%, 1.8% and 12.8% (p=0.005, significant). Twelve patients with concomitant CSI had their maxillofacial fractures treated within twenty-four hours and all were treated within four days.ConclusionsThe presence of maxillofacial trauma mandates exclusion and prompt management of cervical spine injury, particularly in RTA and trauma cases involving combined facial fracture patterns. This approach will facilitate management of maxillofacial fractures within an optimum time period.     

中文版Barthel指数对多中心测评缺血性卒中患者预后的研究

目的 评价中文版Barthel指数(BI)量表在我国卒中人群中的信度、效度和敏感度.方法 将全国22家医疗中心符合纳入标准的537例中、重度缺血性卒中患者随机分为A组(274例)、B组(263例),分别给予21 d的不同治疗;由经过统一培训的研究人员于纳入研究第21、60、90天的3个时间点,采用中文版BI量表对卒中患者的日常生活活动能力进行测评.通过SPSS13.0统计软件包对有效的BI量表进行信度、效度和敏感度的评价,其中信度检验用Cronbach's α系数、Guttman split-half和Spearson相关系数来评价.采用人为推理判断方法评价内容效度,采用因子分析法考核量表的结构效度;通过相关分析考察量表的效标效度.各领域敏感度通过配对t检验来评估.结果 课题完成治疗共537例,在纳入研究第21、60、90天,分别回收的有效的BI量表为529(A组269份,B组260份)、526(A组269份,B组257份)、525(A组269份,B组256份)份.中文版BI量表内容一致信度的Cronbach's α系数＞0.92,Guttman split-half系数在0.86～0.89之间,各领域的重测信度系数均＞0.82,显示了良好的信度.中文版BI量表与"准金标准"[(NIHSS)及改良Rankin量表(mRS)]呈适度的相关性(r=0.71～0.75,P＜0.001),中文版BI量表各时间点的累计贡献率范围为75.03%～76.49%,显示了较好的效度.除A组第21与60天"可控制大便"(P=0.347),B组"可控制大便"(P=0.095)、"可控制小便"(P=0.399)和B组第21与90天"可控制大便"(P=0.209)外,BI各项显示了良好的敏感度(P＜0.05).结论 中文版BI量表在中、重度卒中患者中,具有良好的信度、效度及敏感度,可作为卒中患者预后的评价指标.     

脑卒中患者急性期血浆抵抗素和瘦素水平及其相关性研究

目的探讨脑卒中患者急性期血浆抵抗素、瘦素水平及与年龄、血压、血糖(Glu)、血脂、胰岛素的关系。方法选择59例脑出血(脑出血组)患者、54例脑梗死(脑梗死组)患者和57例健康老年人(对照组),采用酶联免疫法测定各组患者空腹血浆抵抗素、瘦素水平,同时检测空腹Glu、血脂、胰岛素,测量血压,进行各组比较。结果无论脑出血组还是脑梗死组抵抗素、瘦素水平都明显高于对照组,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。采用相关分析发现,脑出血组抵抗素和收缩压(SBP)、Glu、胰岛素均呈显著正相关(P<0.01),脑梗死组抵抗素和Glu、TG、胰岛素均呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。脑出血组瘦素和SBP、Glu、胰岛素均呈显著正相关(P<0.05或P<0.01),和高密度脂蛋白呈显著负相关(P<0.05),脑梗死组瘦素和SBP、DBP、Glu、胰岛素均呈显著正相关(P<0.05或P<0.01),脑出血组、脑梗死组抵抗素和瘦素浓度都呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。结论脑卒中急性期血浆抵抗素、瘦素水平升高,可能通过联合影响机体能量代谢和平衡,在脑卒中发生过程中发挥重要调控作用。     

Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography in siblings with sickle cell disease

Summary. The risk of stroke in sickle cell disease (SCD) may be influenced by either genetic or environmental factors. Elevated blood flow velocity in the large cerebral arteries, detected by transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasonography, predicts an increased stroke risk in children with SCD. We undertook this study to investigate the possibility of a familial predisposition to elevated cerebral blood flow velocity, a surrogate marker for stroke risk. We analysed the results of TCD studies performed on 63 children from 29 families that had more than one child with SCD. We assessed the association of elevated cerebral blood flow velocity with sibling TCD results as well as age and haemoglobin level, which are factors known to affect cerebral blood flow velocity. Positive or negative TCD results were highly correlated between family members ( r =  0·61). The presence of a sibling with a positive TCD result was significantly associated with an elevated cerebral blood flow velocity in other siblings with SCD (odds ratio = 41·9, 95% confidence interval 8·2–214·7, P  < 0·001). Furthermore, children who had a sibling with a positive TCD result had a significantly higher TCD velocity than children with SCD but without a sibling who were matched for age, sex, genotype and haemoglobin level. Our results are consistent with a familial predisposition to cerebral vasculopathy in SCD.     

精神分裂症患者凶杀犯罪研究进展

重性精神病以精神分裂症为主,患者受精神症状等多种因素的影响,易发生暴力或凶杀等行为,严重威胁着社会的公共安全,已日益受到社会各界的重视。本文对国内外有关精神分裂症患者凶杀犯罪的研究文献作一综述,为开展精神病患者凶杀研究提供参考。     

肠内营养对脑卒中患者胃肠道及免疫功能的影响

目的 探讨肠内营养在脑卒中患者中的应用价值。方法 脑卒中患者120例，肠内营养和肠外营养组各60例。两组在营养支持前及营养支持后1个月分别用消化道内镜检查胃肠黏膜情况，并测定和比较T淋巴细胞亚群及免疫球蛋白。结果 肠内营养组在肠内营养支持后，胃、十二指肠黏膜损害（溃疡率）21例（35．0％），肠外组为41例（68．3％），肠内组显著低于肠外组（P〈0．01），肠外组轻型15例（50．0％），肠外组重型26例（86．7％），轻型显著低于重型（P〈0．01）；肠外组重型治疗后血清免疫球蛋白IgG、IgA、IgD分别为（9．27±2．41）g／L、（2．11±0．64）g／L、（2．11±0．36）mg／L及T淋巴细胞亚群CD3^＋、CD4^＋、CD4^＋／CD8^＋分别为（51．42±3．89）％、（36．26±2．82）％、（1．17±0．29），肠内组重型治疗后IgG、IgA、IgD分别为（11．70±2．89）g／L、（2．81±0．69）g／L、（2．40±0．31）mg／L，T淋巴细胞亚群CD3^＋、CD4^＋、CD4^＋／CD8^＋分别为（60．70±4．94）％、（40．38士4．10）％、（1．49±0．58），肠内营养组显著高于肠外营养组（P〈0．01）；机体感染发生率其肠外组为23例（38．3％），肠内组总感染11例（18．3％），肠内组显著低于肠外组（P〈0．05）。结论 肠内营养在脑卒中患者中具有维护肠道屏障功能和免疫功能的作用，并能降低感染发生率，且安全可行。