Selective transperineal prostate biopsy for fluoroquinolone-resistance patients reduces sepsis and cost

Background:Urosepsis is a recognized complication of transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy (TRUS-Bx). Pre-biopsy rectal swabs have been used to identify patients with microorganisms in the rectal flora resistant to the conventionally used empirical prophylaxis. The transperineal route of biopsy (TP-Bx) has a lower complication risk but comes at an increased cost.Materials and methods:Retrospective cohort study including patients undergoing prostate biopsies between October/2015 and April/2018. The intervention cohort, a rectal swab was performed, the result of which dictated the biopsy route; TRUS-Bx against TP-Bx. TP-Bx for patients with fluoroquinolone resistance or extended-spectrum β-lactamase. The control cohort underwent TRUS without a rectal swab receiving empirical antibiotics—oral ciprofloxacin and intravenous gentamicin.Results:Total 1000 patients were included in which 500 underwent a swab, 14 (2.8%) developed post-TRUS biopsy infective complications with 3 having positive bacteremia (0.6%); 500 had no swab, 47 (9.4%) developed post-TRUS biopsy infective complications with 22 (4.4%, p < 0.05) having positive bacteremia. Three patients (0.6%) of patients who underwent swab developed urinary tract infection symptoms whilst 12 (2.4%) had urinary tract infection in the control group. In those patients that underwent a swab, 14 required hospitalization with mean length of stay of 2.5 days versus 43 patients of the control with 3.6 days. Cost analysis concluded savings of this strategy was £18,711.Conclusions:We have demonstrated a protocol that reserves template biopsies for higher risk patients and can significantly reduce sepsis and other infectious complication rates whilst also proving to be a cost-efficient strategy. We recommend that units not utilizing rectal swabs to uncover the fluoroquinolone resistance rate by introducing them. We advocate units that already utilize rectal swabs, to introduce transperineal biopsy for their higher risk patients.     

Effect of ultrasound exposure on sonicated microbubbles stability

The study of intlavenous myocedal coneest echocedo~ (IVMCE) is a hot topic in the Pursuit ofcoronap healt disease, and much achievement has beenmade in ash ultheound etwpment development and cont. .[if ~t agent improvement. Most colltrsst opllts such asMiunex, Ophson etc. are pIDduced by sonication, andcan be used as echogenic bacers of blood flow in WMCE.SOme studies have suggested, however, that the ndcrobubbles exposed to ultrasound are Open to mpture[']. Ihan effort to detendne the o…     

超声照射对声振微泡稳定性的影响

目的与方法造影剂微泡浓度、大小是影响心肌声学显影最重要因素。本研究采用２×２×４析因分析法分析不同超声照射条件对造影剂微泡浓度及直径的影响,即声波频率、能量以及照射时间对微泡浓度、大小的单独及交互作用。为临床行静脉心肌声学造影检查时选择适宜的超声照射条件提供参考。结果能量越大、照射时间越长,微泡破坏越多,平均直径越小：照射频率对微泡浓度影响不大,但影响微泡大小,频率越高,微泡越小。结论为减少超声照射对微泡的破坏,提高心肌声学造影效果,应尽可能选用低能量、低频率超声波,并减少不必要的照射时间。     

甘露聚糖修饰的靶向纳米脂质体的抗肿瘤作用实验研究

目的研究甘露聚糖修饰的靶向纳米脂质体的抗肿瘤作用。方法用胆固醇氯甲酸醋和N，N-二甲基乙二胺反应生成313[N-（N’，N’-二甲基氨基乙烷）-氨基甲酰]胆固醇（DC—chol），以DC—chol、二棕榈磷脂酰基乙醇胺（DoPE）和N-[2-（胆固醇氧羰基氨基）乙基]用氨酰甲基化革露聚糖（chol—AECM—mannan）为原料合成甘露聚糖修饰的靶向纳米脂质体，检测脂质体粒径大小。应用C57小鼠制备移植性肺癌模型，静脉给予各种纳米脂质体（实验纳米脂质体，无革露聚糖修饰的包裹有EGFR的纳米脂质体、空纳米脂质体）及对照EGFR，观察小鼠的一般情况及肿瘤生长情况；行ELISA和Western Blotting检测小鼠血清中抗体漓度差别。结果脂质体粒径大小为132．6nm。ELISA和Western Blotting检测均显示实验组小鼠血清有抗体产生而且抗体漓度远大于其他对照组。实验组肿瘤体积明显小于对照组（EGFR及空白脂质体组，P〈0．05）。结论研究结果表明实验组小鼠肿瘤生长受到抑制，甘露聚糖修饰的靶向纳米脂质体对小鼠肺癌有一定疗效。     

靶向联合化疗与常规化疗治疗表皮生长因子受体基因突变肺腺癌患者的临床效果

目的探讨靶向联合化疗治疗表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)基因突变晚期肺腺癌患者的临床疗效及靶向联合化疗对EGFR基因不同突变位点患者的疗效差别。方法选择安徽省胸科医院2016年1～12月收治确诊的64例EGFR基因检测阳性的Ⅲb/Ⅳ期肺腺癌患者,使用随机数字表方法分为靶向联合化疗组(33例)与常规化疗组(31例),同时对靶向联合化疗组患者按照其基因突变位点不同分为3个亚组(19外显子突变组、21外显子突变组、20外显子突变组)。靶向联合化疗组患者采用EGFR受体酪氨酸抑制剂靶向治疗联合培美曲塞+卡铂/顺铂治疗,常规化疗组患者采用培美曲塞+卡铂/顺铂治疗。比较两治疗组患者的近期及远期疗效,并对靶向联合化疗组不同位点远期疗效进行数据分析。结果靶向联合化疗组的中位无进展生存期高于常规化疗组,两组差异有统计学意义(P <0. 05),两组患者总体疗效和不良反应总发生率相似,差异无统计学意义(P> 0. 05)。靶向联合化疗组中,不同外显子突变的肺腺癌患者之间靶向联合化疗的生存期相似,差异无统计学意义(P> 0. 05)。结论 EGFR基因突变晚期肺腺癌患者接受靶向联合化疗能延长无进展生存时间,且不良反应未见增加。不同位点基因突变患者接受靶向联合化疗的临床效果无明显差别。     

Technologies for localization and diagnosis of prostate cancer

The gold standard for detecting prostate cancer (PCa), systematic biopsy, lacks sensitivity as well as grading accuracy. PSA screening leads to over-treatment of many men, and it is unclear whether screening reduces PCa mortality. This review provides an understanding of the difficulties of localizing and diagnosing PCa. It summarizes recent developments of ultrasound (including elastography) and MRI, and discusses some alternative experimental techniques, such as resonance sensor technology and vibrational spectroscopy. A comparison between the different methods is presented. It is concluded that new ultrasound techniques are promising for targeted biopsy procedures, in order to detect more clinically significant cancers while reducing the number of cores. MRI advances are very promising, but MRI remains expensive and MR-guided biopsy is complex. Resonance sensor technology and vibrational spectroscopy have shown promising results in?vitro. There is a need for large prospective multicentre trials that unambiguously prove the clinical benefits of these new techniques.