丹参注射液椎管内局部灌注对急性脊髓损伤的保护作用

目的 探讨丹参对急性脊髓损伤的防治作用。方法 以改良Allen's法造成兔不完全性脊髓损伤的模型,硬膜下插管。随机分成丹参治疗组和对照组。术后按每天0.3ml/kg体重的总量分4次从硬膜下导管推入丹参注射液,对照组推入生理盐水。损伤后8、72h对脊髓损伤区进行过氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、组织形态学观察、神经元凋亡、bcl-2等进行评价。结果 丹参组SOD含量高于对照组(P<0.01),MDA含量低于对照组(P<0.01)。细胞凋亡数目TUNEL法丹参组低于对照组(P<0.01),流式细胞术检测凋亡丹参组低于对照组(P<0.05)。bcl-2的表达丹参组高于对照组(P<0.05)。神经元及神经纤维变性、坏死轻于对照组。结论 丹参能改善损伤脊髓微循环,抑制和减轻脊髓损伤后的两种死亡方式坏死和凋亡。     

鼻骨外伤X线摄影技术探讨

本文通过分析鼻骨外伤X线成像特点,重点探讨了常规X线与DR检查在鼻骨外伤中的应用价值,旨在提高对鼻骨骨折诊断的准确率。结果表明DR摄影是鼻骨常规检查的理想手段。     

Selective dorsal rhizotomy: long-term experience from Cape Town

Introduction Given the large number of cerebral palsy patients who have undergone selective dorsal rhizotomy in the past two decades, it is clearly imperative that the clinical community be provided with objective and compelling evidence of the long-term sequelae of the procedure. Materials and methods In the early 1980s, Peacock in Cape Town shifted the site of the rhizotomy from the conus medullaris to the cauda equina, and in the past 25 years, more than 200 children have been operated on. We have studied the incidence of spinal deformities after multiple-level laminectomy and recorded a 20% incidence of isthmic spondylolysis or grade-I spondylolisthesis. We have also conducted a long-term prospective gait analysis study on a cohort of 14 ambulatory patients who were operated on in 1985. Results Ten years after surgery, our patients had increased ranges of motion that were within normal limits. Step length was significantly improved, although cadence was unchanged postoperatively and was significantly less than normal age-matched control subjects. Discussion We have recently tracked down all 14 patients from the original cohort and are currently completing a 20-year prospective follow-up analysis of their neuromuscular function and gait. Our preliminary data suggest that selective dorsal rhizotomy is not only an effective method for alleviating spasticity but it also leads to long-term functional benefits.     

无神经症状寰枢椎骨折的非手术治疗

目的探讨无神经症状寰枢椎骨折患者的非手术治疗效果。方法7例无神经症状的寰枢椎骨折患者行牵引后,再行头颈胸石膏或颈托外固定,其中1例枢椎椎体骨折患者仅行颈托外固定。结果随访3-8个月,所有患者骨折均临床愈合,枕颈部痛均消失,颈椎活动范围轻度减小。结论对无神经症状的寰枢椎骨折患者进行选择性非手术治疗是一种安全、有效的方法,适合在基层医院开展。     

350例脊髓血管畸形介入治疗的护理分析

目的探讨护理工作在脊髓血管畸形介入治疗中的价值。方法通过对我院介入中心350例脊髓血管畸形患者介入治疗,针对脊髓血管畸形患者的临床特点和介入治疗方法的适应证、操作过程和预后等特点,从护理学的角度对术前、术中、术后等阶段进行讨论分析。结果术前进行有效的心理护理和健康教育;术中与介入医生及技术操作人员进行有机的配合、熟练使用输液微量泵、准确使用相关药物及认真观察病情变化;术后对患者进行严密的护理观察,可减少并发症的发生,将有助于该手术的成功。结论介入护理工作对脊髓血管畸形介入治疗手术的成败起着至关重要的作用。     

Factors associated with mortality and functional disability after hip fracture: an inception cohort study

Hip fracture results in excess mortality and functional disability. This study sought to identify predictors of mortality and limited functional ability 1 year after hip fracture. We conducted a 1-year follow-up of a prospective population-based inception cohort of 218 hip fracture patients who had been consecutively admitted and discharged from hospital during the previous year. Mortality was observed to be independently associated with poor mental status (relative risk [RR]=6.96; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.73–28.00), prefracture limited functional ability (RR=4.35; 95% CI, 1.32–14.36), institutionalized disposition at discharge (RR=2.92; 95% CI, 1.02–8.38), and male gender (RR=2.44; 95% CI, 1.01–5.93). Independent predictors of limited functional ability were prefracture functional disability (RR=34.14; 95% CI, 3.13–372.33), poor mental status (RR=9.71; 95% CI, 1.57–59.82), age >80 years (RR=4.03; 95% CI, 1.48–11.00), and female gender (RR=3.57; 95% CI, 0.08–0.98). On discharge, special attention and care should thus be given to all patients displaying any of the above predictive factors.     

螺旋CT三维重建在修复颌面部复杂骨折中的应用

目的：探讨螺旋CT三维重建在修复颌面部复杂骨折后的应用价值。方法：对50例颌面部复杂骨折患者作螺旋CT三维重建，立体直观地表现骨折的断端、部位、移位情况及骨折端与周围结构的关系等，依此准备长短大小与形态均恰当的微型钛板、钛钉，并选择合适的手术进路与手术切口。结果：通过螺旋CT三维重建，于50例清晰地显示出颌面部复杂骨折的状况，指引骨折的复位与坚强内固定术，42例牙颌功能与颌面外形获得完全恢复，8例获得基本恢复。结论：螺旋CT三维重建能较好地显示颌面部复杂骨折的三维立体解剖形态，有助于手术进路与切口的选择，和准确地实施坚强内固定术，可有效地减少外伤后颌面部的继发畸形。     

游离胸脐皮瓣与单侧外固定支架联合应用修复小腿严重创伤

目的探讨应用吻合血管游离胸脐皮瓣与单侧外固定支架联合修复小腿严重创伤的疗效。方法应用单侧外固定架固定胫骨骨折,重建肢体血运,延期应用吻合血管的游离胸脐皮瓣修复小腿软组织缺损17例。结果17例经2年~3年4个月随访,全部骨折均愈合。无感染发生,2例皮瓣出现小面积组织坏死,经换药后治愈,其余皮瓣成活良好。结论应用游离胸脐皮瓣与单侧外固定支架联合应用修复小腿严重创伤是有效的方法。     

微创经皮钢板内固定技术治疗胫骨近端骨折

目的探讨微创经皮钢板内固定（MIPPO）治疗胫骨近端骨折的方法和临床疗效。方法对15例胫骨近端骨折患者采用间接复位技术和MIPPO技术治疗。结果所有患者术后随访4-12个月；骨折均临床愈合，愈合时间3—7个月，无畸形愈合、感染及钢板断裂。功能采用Johner—Wruhs评分标准：优10例，良4例，中1例。结论MIPPO是治疗胫骨近端骨折的理想方法之一。     

股骨远端骨折术后骨不连原因分析及处理

目的探讨股骨远端骨折术后骨不连的原因及处理方法。方法分析11例股骨远端骨折术后骨不连的原因,均再次手术、植骨、解剖钢板内固定。结果10例获1年1个月-3年8个月随访,骨不连均愈合,愈合时间11.6-19.8个月（平均16.9个月）。无钢板、螺钉松动断裂。膝关节功能按Kolment评分标准：优3例,良5例,差2例。结论内固定不当、骨缺损尤其是内侧骨缺损未充分植骨修复、术后管理不当等是导致骨不连的重要因素。植骨、解剖钢板内固定是治疗股骨远端骨折术后骨不连较适宜的方法。