孤立性心房颤动的相关危险因素分析

目的探讨孤立性心房(LAF)颤动(房颤)患者的相关危险因素。方法纳入2011年1月~2012年6月间行射频消融术治疗孤立性房颤患者14例,将同期行射频消融术治疗单纯室上性心动过速(PSVT)的患者43例作为对照组。收集两组病例的一般临床资料,并对年龄、血压、心率、左房大小(LA)、体重指数(BMI)及血脂、血糖等生化指标进行分析。结果与对照组比较,LAF组患者左房较大[(35.93±5.74)mm vs.(31.20±4.64)mm,P=0.007],体重指数(BMI;25.70±3.21 vs.23.49±2.32,P=0.003)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇[LDL-C;(2.85±0.61)mmol/L vs.(2.23±0.31)mmol/L,P=0.038]及空腹血糖[Glu;(5.96±1.64)mmol/L vs.((4.76±0.74)mmol/L,P=0.031]均较高,而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇较低[HDL-C;(1.14±0.21)mmol/L vs.(1.49±0.27)mmol/L,P=0.015],总胆固醇及甘油三脂两组比较无明显差异(P0.05)。LA与BMI(r=0.55,P0.05)、LDL-C(r=0.85,P0.01)、Glu(r=0.81,P0.01)呈正相关,与HDL-C呈负相关(r=-0.91,P0.01)。结论 LAF在临床上并非孤立,LA、BMI、血糖、血脂均可能为孤立性房颤的相关危险因素。     

机关中青年干部高血压患病及相关危险因素分析

目的了解机关中青年(年龄60岁)干部高血压发病率及与相关危险因素关系。方法入选2012年3月~5月在武警总医院健康医学中心进行体检的机关中青年干部538例,其中男性445例,女性93例。将是否患高血压作为因变量,以性别、年龄、体质指数(BMI)、腰围(WC)、空腹血糖(FPG)、血尿酸(UA)、血脂指标等做为自变量,进行单因素分析及多因素非条件Logistic回归分析。结果机关中青年干部高血压患病率为17.3%。与血压正常组相比,高血压患者男性构成比,BMI、WC、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)、UA及餐后2 h血糖(2h PBG)明显升高,差异有显著统计学意义(P0.01);高血压组合并超重/肥胖、糖耐量异常、高胆固醇(TC)血症、高UA血症比例明显增高(P0.05)。多因素非条件Logistic回归分析结果表明,男性(OR=4.24,95%CI:1.47~6.36)、BMI(OR=5.16,95%CI:1.36~5.76),2h PBG(OR=2.73,95%CI:1.31~5.69)、TC(OR=2.03,95%CI:1.02~7.31)是高血压的独立危险因素。结论机关中青年干部高血压患病率较高,男性、BMI、TC及2h PBG是高血压的独立危险因素。     

糖尿病足溃疡感染多重耐药铜绿假单胞菌的危险因素及预后分析

目的 探讨糖尿病足溃疡（DFU）感染多重耐药铜绿假单胞菌（MDRPA）的危险因素及其对预后的影响. 方法 将117例DFU感染铜绿假单胞菌（PA）患者根据是否感染MDRPA分为非MDR-PA（N-MDRPA）组和MDRPA组,分析DFU感染MDRPA的危险因素及其对预后的影响. 结果 入院前抗生素应用史、入院前因同一溃疡住院史和骨髓炎是DFU患者感染MDRPA的独立危险因素.MDRPA组较N-MDRPA组截肢/趾率高（32.6％ vs 16.2％,P＜0.05）,治愈率低（20.9％vs41.9％,P＜0.05）. 结论 入院前抗生素应用史、入院前因同一溃疡住院史和骨髓炎是DFU患者感染MDRPA的独立危险因素.MDRPA可导致创面预后差,增加截肢/趾风险.     

新疆维吾尔族空腹血糖受损人群血脂水平变化及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇升高的相关因素分析

目的 分析新疆维吾尔族（维族）IFG人群血脂代谢状况及LDL-C升高的危险因素。 方法 对新疆地区2053例30～80岁维族居民行横断面调查,筛查IFG人群,分析血脂代谢状况及LDL-C相关危险因素。 结果 该IFG人群中,血脂代谢异常的总患病率为99.8%（613/614）。高TG血症患病率为85.5%（525/614）,男女比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;高TC血症、高LDL-C血症患病率为72.5%（445/614）和40.7%（250/614）,男性高于女性（75.0% vs 70.1%,52.4% vs 29.9%,P〈0.05）;低HDL-C血症患病率为29.8%（183/614）,男性低于女性（28.0% vs 31.4%,P〈0.05）。Logistic回归分析显示,LDL-C升高的危险因素为年龄、TC、2 hPG。 结论 维族IFG人群血脂代谢异常的总患病为99.8%,其中LDL-C升高的患病率为40.7%,其危险因素为年龄、TC和2 hPG。     

Activation of Stratification Strategies and Results of the interventions on frail patients of Healthcare Services (ASSEHS) DG Sanco Project No. 2013 12 04

To face the challenge of active and healthy ageing (AHA), European Health Systems and services should move towards proactive, anticipatory and integrated care. Health care systems thus need to personalize services, put patients at the centre of care and provide services using the adequate resources. Population health risk management is emphasized through the use of tools to stratify people with chronic diseases according to their risk. Effective screening of frailty is vital for optimizing the care of frail populations at risk. The Activation of Stratification Strategies and Results of the interventions on frail patients of Healthcare Services (ASSEHS) EU project (N° 2013 12 04) is an international effort whose aim is to bring together stratification-related professionals from Health Services, Academia and Research in the EU in order to (i) study current existing health risk stratification strategies and tools, (ii) spread their use and application on frail elderly patients, (iii) minimize deterioration of conditions and/or (iv) prevent emergency or hospital admissions. The analysis of Risk Stratification in different Health Systems will generate conclusions and risk stratification solutions, which will be transferable to a variety of regions in the future. ASSEHS is in line with Area 4 of the B3 Action Plan of the European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing (EIP on AHA).     

Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and Plaque in Cardiovascular Risk Assessment

Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) has been shown to predict cardiovascular (CV) risk in multiple large studies. Careful evaluation of CIMT studies reveals discrepancies in the comprehensiveness with which CIMT is assessed—the number of carotid segments evaluated (common carotid artery [CCA], internal carotid artery [ICA], or the carotid bulb), the type of measurements made (mean or maximum of single measurements, mean of the mean, or mean of the maximum for multiple measurements), the number of imaging angles used, whether plaques were included in the intima-media thickness (IMT) measurement, the report of adjusted or unadjusted models, risk association versus risk prediction, and the arbitrary cutoff points for CIMT and for plaque to predict risk. Measuring the far wall of the CCA was shown to be the least variable method for assessing IMT. However, meta-analyses suggest that CCA-IMT alone only minimally improves predictive power beyond traditional risk factors, whereas inclusion of the carotid bulb and ICA-IMT improves prediction of both cardiac risk and stroke risk. Carotid plaque appears to be a more powerful predictor of CV risk compared with CIMT alone. Quantitative measures of plaques such as plaque number, plaque thickness, plaque area, and 3-dimensional assessment of plaque volume appear to be progressively more sensitive in predicting CV risk than mere assessment of plaque presence. Limited data show that plaque characteristics including plaque vascularity may improve CV disease risk stratification further. IMT measurement at the CCA, carotid bulb, and ICA that allows inclusion of plaque in the IMT measurement or CCA-IMT measurement along with plaque assessment in all carotid segments is emerging as the focus of carotid artery ultrasound imaging for CV risk prediction.